The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
explained with Limited matter moreover I have included all the images. if you go through a standard textbook and referred to this PPT it will help you so much I hope It helps you
Electronic apex locator by dr.imran m.shaikhImran Shaikh
. Knowledge of apical anatomy, prudent use of radiographs and the correct use of an electronic apex locator will assist practitioners to achieve predictable results.
explained with Limited matter moreover I have included all the images. if you go through a standard textbook and referred to this PPT it will help you so much I hope It helps you
Electronic apex locator by dr.imran m.shaikhImran Shaikh
. Knowledge of apical anatomy, prudent use of radiographs and the correct use of an electronic apex locator will assist practitioners to achieve predictable results.
Recent advances in dental caries diagnosisGousalyaVelu
Dr.Gousalya V
1st year post graduate student
Department of Public Health Dentistry
Early dental caries diagnosis is an important step for the overall management of dental patients..Here are the recent advances in dental caries diagnosis.
Lasers and its role in endodontics/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Objectives and rationale
Indications
Contraindications
False indications
Treatment planning and presurgical notes
Classification
Gutmann’s
Kim’s
Steps in endosurgery
Treatment planning & Presurgical notes
Mandatory investigations
Premedication
Local anaesthesia and hemostasis
Flap
Requirements of an ideal flap
Flap design
Semilunar flap
Vertical flaps
Horizontal flap
Ochsenbein-Luebke flap
Two-step or filling first technique
Disinfection immediately prior to filling
Preparation of surgical site
Soft tissue management
Opening the flap
Flap elevation
Flap retraction
Hard tissue considerations
Locating root apex
Osteotomy
Apical curettage
Apical rood end resection
Surgery from palatal access
Post-resection filling
Root end preparation
Root end filling materials
Reverse filling
Surgery for root fractures
Surgical management of internal resorption
Radisectomy and hemisection
Intentional replantation
Closure of surgical area
Repositioning of flap and compression
Needle selection
Suturing
Post surgical care
Microbrush Stamp Technique
Microbrush stamp technique is a technique used for posterior composite restoration.It
helps save a lot of chairside time in the finishing and polishing phase.
For more information, you can book an appointment at
Dr Sachdeva's Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute,
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
• Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
• Our Websites:
• www.sachdevadentalcare.com
• www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
• www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
• www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
• www.facialaestheticsdelhi.com
• Google+ link: https://goo.gl/vqAmvr
• Facebook link: https://goo.gl/tui98A
• Youtube link: https://goo.gl/mk7jfm
• Linkedin link: https://goo.gl/PrPgpB
• Slideshare link : http://goo.gl/0HY6ep
• Twitter Page : https://goo.gl/tohkcI
• Instagram page : https://goo.gl/OOGVig
Recent advances in dental caries diagnosisGousalyaVelu
Dr.Gousalya V
1st year post graduate student
Department of Public Health Dentistry
Early dental caries diagnosis is an important step for the overall management of dental patients..Here are the recent advances in dental caries diagnosis.
Lasers and its role in endodontics/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Objectives and rationale
Indications
Contraindications
False indications
Treatment planning and presurgical notes
Classification
Gutmann’s
Kim’s
Steps in endosurgery
Treatment planning & Presurgical notes
Mandatory investigations
Premedication
Local anaesthesia and hemostasis
Flap
Requirements of an ideal flap
Flap design
Semilunar flap
Vertical flaps
Horizontal flap
Ochsenbein-Luebke flap
Two-step or filling first technique
Disinfection immediately prior to filling
Preparation of surgical site
Soft tissue management
Opening the flap
Flap elevation
Flap retraction
Hard tissue considerations
Locating root apex
Osteotomy
Apical curettage
Apical rood end resection
Surgery from palatal access
Post-resection filling
Root end preparation
Root end filling materials
Reverse filling
Surgery for root fractures
Surgical management of internal resorption
Radisectomy and hemisection
Intentional replantation
Closure of surgical area
Repositioning of flap and compression
Needle selection
Suturing
Post surgical care
Microbrush Stamp Technique
Microbrush stamp technique is a technique used for posterior composite restoration.It
helps save a lot of chairside time in the finishing and polishing phase.
For more information, you can book an appointment at
Dr Sachdeva's Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute,
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
• Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
• Our Websites:
• www.sachdevadentalcare.com
• www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
• www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
• www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
• www.facialaestheticsdelhi.com
• Google+ link: https://goo.gl/vqAmvr
• Facebook link: https://goo.gl/tui98A
• Youtube link: https://goo.gl/mk7jfm
• Linkedin link: https://goo.gl/PrPgpB
• Slideshare link : http://goo.gl/0HY6ep
• Twitter Page : https://goo.gl/tohkcI
• Instagram page : https://goo.gl/OOGVig
Lasers & endodontics final /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Androgenetic Alopecia or hereditary hair loss, considered by many as an outward and undesirable sign of premature aging that can be ‘seen from across the room,’ currently affects an estimated 50 Million men and 30 Million women in the U.S. Approximately 40% of men in their 40’s are experiencing hair loss and 50% of men in their 50’s with over a billion dollars spent in the U.S. annually on medical treatments, hair transplants, non-medical ‘cures’ and cover-ups to address the condition.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) that includes androgens/testosterone may accelerate the progression of unwanted androgenetic alopecia, especially in those patients whose hair follicles are highly androgen sensitive.
OBJECTIVE: Patients who undergo testosterone replacement may be at risk for hair loss related side effects. It is our goal to present an overview of the mechanisms of Androgenetic Alopecia, new diagnostic and monitoring methods, prevention/treatments options and management stratagems specifically for patients who are undergoing an Hormone replacement therapy regimen that includes testosterone.
MATERIALS/METHODS:
Chief Complaint & Goals
Medical History
Family history
Medical Conditions
Medications
Surgical History
Hair/Scalp Care
Lab Testing / Measurements
Genetic Testing
Cross Sectional Bundle Trichometry Measurements with Hair Check(TM)
Photography
Standardized Global Photos
Scalp Microscopic Photos
Treatment Plan
Recommended Tracking & Follow-Up Schedule
DISCUSSION
Identifying patients at risk for hereditary hair loss as well as being able to offer guidance and treatment options holds significant benefit for the Age Management (Anti-Aging) Physician and their Hormone Replacement patients because it:
1) enhances the risk/benefit discussion with the testosterone patient.
2) Identifies and addresses a possible side-effect and potential barrier to HRT compliance.
3) Adds a beneficial service to the Age Management Physician’s repertoire that may enhance patient retention and compliance.
4) Successful hair loss management adds a psychological boost to a Androgen Replacement patient’s outlook.
References:
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This presentation provide overview on the uses of laser in Endodontic dentistry. This presentation was demonstrated by Dr Mahmoud Ellabban, Demonstrator, Endodontic department, Faculty of dental medicine, Al-Azhar university, Cairo, Egypt. and i have it's permission to publish his presentation.
Radiology in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Radiology in orthodontics dr.kavitha /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Lasers in endodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. LASERS IN ENDODONTICS
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. INTRODUCTION
L A S E R – light amplification of stimulated
emission of radiation, is a form of
electromagnetic energy in which
photons are generated from a
medium by stimulating the
medium
from external energy source.
Emergence
: 1960
First use in clinics : 1980
Today available in different wavelengths.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. ADVANTAGES
Excellent visibility.
Reduced operating time.
Reduced post operative sequelae.
Negotiates curves and folds in oral cavity.
Vaporize, coagulate or cut tissue.
Pain is reduced 90% of the time.
Portable and less expensive newer models
Patient’s high acceptance .
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. HISTORY
Early 1900 – Quantum mechanics by Bohr
Einstein's atomic theory.
1950 – Townes first amplified microwave
frequencies.
1960 – Maiman developed first laser or Maser.
1960 – Pulsed Ruby laser(0.694 µm).
1961 – Neodymium laser by Snitzer.
HAD DENTAL RESEARCHERS FOCUSSED ON Nd.
LASER SOONER,
LASER DENTISTRY MAY HAVE PROGRESSED TO ITS
www.indiandentalacademy.com
PRESENT STATUS 10 YRS EARLIER
5. EPIDEMIOLOGY
IN 1987 Mecler studied Co2 laser and found it
to induce secondary dentin formation and
sterilize dentin.
Nd:YAG Laser after apicoectomy and retrofil
reduced permeability of resected roots.
-Adam stabholz (1992).
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6.
CO2 Laser delivered by Agcl fibers in root
canal opened dentinal tubules and fused
hydroxyapatite.
Banu onal et al (1993).
Nd:YAG laser effectively inhibited the
growth of bacteria in root canal.
Steve E Fegan (1995).
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7.
Argon laser is efficient in removing intra canal
debris.
-Josjna Moshorow(1995).
Nd:YAP Laser in combination with hand
instruments is an effective device for root
canal preparation.
-Piesse frage et al(1998).
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8.
Er:YAG laser with a cone shaped tip gave
cleaner dentin surface in root canals, compared
to rotary instrumentation.
-Shigeru shoji (2000).
Apical leakage after obturation in canals
prepared with Er:YAG laser is not affected as
compared to canals prepared with
conventional methods.
-Y.Kimura (2001).
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. LASER PHYSICS
L ight A mplified by S timulated E mission of R
adiation.
LASER light is Monochromatic and finely focussed.
Collimation and Coherency makes it unique.
Collimation: constant beam size and shape.
Coherency: waves with identical amplitude and
identical frequency.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. EINSTEIN’S THEORY
An energized atom can absorb additional energy
to release 2 identical coherent photons, these
photons energizes more atoms and releases more
photons resulting in amplification of light energy.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12.
Dental lasers have emission wavelengths of
500µm – 10,600µm.
All dental lasers emit either visible light beam or an
invisible infra red light beam.
Dental lasers are named after the chemical elements/
compounds that compose the medium.
- Gas
:- argon / co2
- Solid crystal rod :- Ga, Al, Arsenide,
Garnet, Yttrium,
-Added elements :- Cr, Nd, Ho, Erbium.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. ANATOMY OF LASER UNIT
LASER CHAMBER IS CALLED – “CAVITY”.
M1 - PARTIALLY REFLECTIVE MIRROR.
M2 - TOTALLY REFLECTIVE MIRROR.
EXTERNAL SOURCE www.indiandentalacademy.com
OF ENERGY IS CALLED PUMPING.
14. LASER DELIVERY SYSTEM
FLEXIBLE HOLLOW WAVE GUIDE TUBE
It has interior mirror finish.
Laser energy reflected along this tube strikes the tissue in non
contact fashion.
GLASS FIBER OPTIC CABLE
Glass fiber is encased in a resilient sheath.
Cannot be bent into sharp angle.
fiber fits snugly into hand piece protruding at the tip or sometimes
with attached glass tip.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Used in contact fashion.
15. EMISSION MODE
1. CONTINUOS WAVE MODE.
Beam is emitted at one power level
continuously as the foot switch is
pressed.
2. GATED PULSE MODE.
Periodic on and off by the
mechanical shutter in front of a
continuous wave laser at a
duration of few milli seconds.
3. FREE RUNNING PULSE MODE.
High energy of laser light is
emitted for a few micro seconds
followed by a relative long time
gap.
This is computer controlled.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. PRINCIPLE OF EMISSION
Light energy strikes tissue for a certain length
of time producing thermal interaction, then a
time gap for the tissue to cool before the next
pulse of laser energy is emitted.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. LASER SAFETY IN DENTAL PRACTICE
A Responsibility that is shared by a Dentist,
Educator, Manufacturer and scientist, each having a
role from design and development to practical
application.
Given the proper training and appropriate
precautions, lasers may be used safely for the mutual
benefit of both the patient and the dentist.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19.
CDRH – Center for Devices and Radiological
Health.
ANSI – American National Standards
Institute.
OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health
Administration.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. LASER HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
– ANSI & OSHA
CLASS
I
DESCRIPTION
Low powered lasers that are safe to view.
IIa
Low powered visible lasers that are hazardous when viewed
directly for longer than 1.000 sec.
II
Low powered visible lasers that are hazardous when viewed
for longer than 0.25 sec
IIIa
Medium powered laser or systems that are non hazardous if
viewed for less than 0.25 sec with out magnifying optics.
IIIb
Medium powered lasers (0.5 w) are hazardous if viewed
directly.
IV
High powered lasers(>0.5 w) produce ocular,skin and fire
hazards.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. According to CDRH and ANSI system of classification CLASS
IV are Potentially Hazardous from either direct or diffuse
reflection.
They emit power greater than 5 w.
HAZARDS ENCOUNTERED IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
1. OCCULAR INJURY.
2. TISSUE DAMAGE.
3. RESPIRATORY HAZARDS.
4. COMBUSTION & ELECTRICAL HAZARDS.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. LASER SAFETY OFFICER (L.S.O.)
Identifies and assess the Hazard .
Determines the potential hazard zone.
Establishes standard operating procedures.
Approves use of protective equipment.
Ensures safety of all persons within the operating
field.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS
All class IV Dental lasers are potentially hazardous.
Manufacturer safety precautions must be followed.
Fire and electric hazards can be avoided by
• Dry floor.
• Soaking surgical drapes and gauze in sterile saline.
• Avoid flammable liquids and gases.
Personal protective equipment.
• Safety goggles
• Mouth masks
• High vacuum evacuation
• Re – circulatory air filter system
• Proper ventilation
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. LASERS IN ENDODONTICS
A. LASER DOPPLER FLOWMETRY.
He-Ne (λ=632.8) and Ga Al As (780-820)
Semiconductor diode lasers at 1 or 2 mw power are used.
Principal is based on the changes in the red blood cell flux
in the pulp tissue.
DISADVANTAGE.
• Difficult to obtain laser reflection in molar tooth.
ADVANTAGE.
•Painless diagnosis.
•Useful vital and non vital diagnosis of tooth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. B. HEAT TEST
Pulsed Nd:YAG laser can be used as an alternative to Hot
gutta-percha method.
ADVANTAGE.
Nd:YAG Laser induced pain is mild and tolerable.
Pain response can be obtained in tooth with thick enamel and
dentin.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF PULPITIS
A. NORMAL PULP VS ACUTE PULPITIS.
▪
Nd:YAG laser at 2w power and 20 pulses/sec at a distance of 10
mm from the tooth surface, pain is produced within 20-30 secs
and disappears in a couple of seconds.
- NORMAL PULP.
▪
If pain is induced immediately after laser application and
continues for more than 30 sec after removing the stimulus.
- AUTE PULPITIS
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. ACUTE SEROUS PULPITIS vs ACUTE
SUPPURATIVE PULPITIS
If the Electric current resistance is greater than 15.1 mΏ
and patient experiences continuous pain for more than 30
secs.
- ACUTE SEROUS PULPITIS.
If the electric resistance is less than 15.1 mΏ and the
pain is continuous for more than 30 sec.
- ACUTE SUPPURATIVE PULPITIS.
INFERENCE:
Carious impedance of less than 15.1 mΏ indicates that
no hard healthy dentin exists b/w caries and Pulp
chamber.
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28. DESENSITIZING HYPERSENSITIVE DENTIN
PULSED Nd:YAG laser is the choice.
Parameters : 1w, 20 pps at 2-3 mm distance and coating
the surface with black ink.
3 DIFFERENT APPROACHES.
1.Stimulating the mucosal surface.
• In Root hypersensitivity
• Duration - 10 sec.
• In mild hypersensitive cases.
2. Stimulating the crown portion.
• Tooth surface adjacent to sensitive area is exposed.
• 0.5 sec/exposure for 2-3 times.
3. Stimulating the surface of dentin.
• Sensitive dentin is directly exposed.
• Brings morphologic changes in dentin and stimulates central
pulpal neurons.
• In severe cases.
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29. PULP CAPPING
A. INDIRECT PULP CAPPING.
Discovery of closure of dentinal tubules and sedative effects on
Pulpitis has led to the use of lasers in direct pulp capping.
• Deep hypersensitive cavities are indicated.
• Nd:YAG laser of 2w, 20pps for < 1 sec is used after coating
tooth surface with black ink and air spray cooling to prevent
pulp damage.
B. DIRECT PULP CAPPING.
CO2 Laser has shown 89% success due to
▪ Control of hemorrhage
▪ Sterilization and Carbonization.
▪ Stimulation of dental pulp cells.
• Irrigate the exposure site with 3% Naocl & 3% H2O2 for 5 min.
• CO2 irradiation is performed at 1 or 2 w for 5 min.
• CaOH is placed overwww.indiandentalacademy.com cavity sealed.
the exposed site and
30. ROOT CANAL TREATMENT
ACCESS CAVITY.
Er:YAG and Er Cr:YSGG Laser which ablate
Enamel and Dentin can be applied at 5w and 6Hz
under water spray.
ROOT CANAL PREPARATION.
1. Laser tip must slide gently from the apex to the
coronal by gently pressing the tip against the
wall under water spray.
2. Er:YAG Laser at 8 Hz and 2w power.
3. Pulsed Nd:YAG at 2w power,20pps for 1sec
with 5 sec interval b/w pulses removes pulp
remnants, debris and stimulated apical cells.
4. Nd:YAG with 38% AgNH4 effectively killed
micro organisms.
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31. PERIAPICAL LESIONS WITH SINUS TRACT
INDICATIONS.
CASES FOR WHICH APICOECTOMY OR PERIAPICAL
CURRETAGE CANNOT BE PERFORMED.
CASE WITH DEEP POST IN THE ROOT CANAL.
ADJUNCT TO STANDARD ENDODONTIC /SURGICAL RX.
LASER: PULSED Nd:YAG AND CO2.
PROCEDURE:
• AT 20W AND 20PPS THE LASER TIP IS INSERTED INTO
THE SINUS TRACT AT THE APEX AND DRAWN SLOWLY
TO THE OPENING OF SINUS TRACT.
• IT IS PERFORMED 3-4 TIMES DURING ONE VISIT AT 1 OR 2
VISITS PER WEEK TILL SINUS DISAPPEARS.
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32. UNDER RESEARCH
APICOECTOMY, RETROGRADE CAVITY PREPARATION AND
PERIAPICAL CURRETAGE .
- Nd:YAG & CO2.
CLOSURE OF APICAL FORAMINA.
LASER RX WITH STEREO MICROSCOPE /FIBEROSCOPE.
- Pulsed Nd:YAG.
▪ TO REMOVE POLYPS, FRACTURED INSTUMENTS
DEBRIS, PULP REMNANTS, POST SPACE PREP’N
UNDER VISUAL FEED BACK.
ROOT CANAL SWEEPING AND IRRIGATION WITH CAVITATION.
STRENGTHENING ROOT CANAL WALL WITH AgNH4 SOLUTION &
LASER.
ROOT CANAL FILLING USING GUTTAPERCHA OR RESIN WITH
LASER.
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33. STRENGTHENING ROOT CANAL TREATED
TOOTH
PULPLESS TEETH HAVE TENDENCY TO FRACTURE.
TEETH LASED WITH 38% AgNH4 SOLUTION BECAME
DIFFICULT TO FRACTURE.
Pulsed Nd:YAG , CO2 , AND ARGON LASERS CAN BE
USED.
PROCEDURE:
Laser irradiation is performed in combination with 38%
AgNH4 solution at 2-3 w for 20 secs under air cooling until the
tooth surface becomes silver and mirror like.
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34. RANGE OF LASERS IN ENDODONTICS
LASER
INDICATION
HeNe , Diode
Laser Doppler vitality
CO2 , Nd:YAG
Deep Caries RX
Nd: YAG , CO2 , Ho:YAG
Sterilization of Root canals
CO2 , Nd:YAG
Vital pulp amputation
Nd:YAG , Excimer, Er:YAG
Root canal preparation
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35. CONCLUSION
WITH THE NEED FOR,
▪ Fiber optic delivery system.
▪ Multitude wavelengths and pulse widths.
▪ Economical devices.
LASER TODAY OFFERS AN ENDODONTIST
NOT ONLY A WINDOW BUT A DOOR INTO
THIS HI-TECH, REWARDING AND
POTENTIALLY PROFITABLE ARENA.
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