2. Do you think Laser is a mandatory?
Laser is The Gate to Modern Dentistry
• Greater patient satisfaction
• Superior postoperative clinical results
• Easy control of bleeding
• less time for surgical procedure
Why Laser?
10. L A S E R
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
11. The LASER maker
16 May, 1960,
Theodore H Maiman,
Hughes Labs, generated a
laser beam
wavelength 694 nm
from a ruby rod in a coiled
flash lamp.
Paper submitted for publication Rejected.
Results announced in New York Times, 8 July 1960.
Paper accepted by “Nature”, appeared 6 August 1960.
14. Energy concept
• Watts
• Power density
• Joules
• fluence
Laser Parameters
• Energy (J)
• Fluence = Energy Density (J/cm2)
Fluence = Energy (J) / Area
Area = πr2 (r = spot diameter / 2)
• Frequency = Repetition rate (Hz)
No. of laser pulses per second
• Pulse Duration = Pulse Width (µs, ms)
16. ikassem@dr.com
Warm-up
37 – 60°C
none
none
Penetration
of protein
60 – 65°C
Whitish-gray
coloration,
increased
dispersion
Decomposition
Desiccation
90 – 100°C
Constant
dispersion
Shrinkage,
dehydration
Carbonization
Several hundred °C
Black
coloration,
increased
absorption
Strong
mechanical
damage
Vaporization
Combustion
Formation
of smoke
and gas
Ablation
Temperature
Process
Optical
change
Mechanical
change
Interactions between laser light and tissue
17. Effect of the laser on biological tissue
Damage
reversible irreversible
Vaporization
Carbonization
Coagulation
Laser beam
Tissue
Hyperemia
A therapeutic effect is attained
only if the tissue absorbs the laser energy!
Laser-tissue interaction
27. The person operating the laser always
has the primary responsibility for all
hazards associated with laser use.
WHO HAS PRIMARY RESPONSIBLITY FOR
LASER SAFETY ANY TIME?
30. CDRH CLASS WARNING LABELS
You will see these at CSULB
CLASS II LASER PRODUCT
Laser Radiation
Do Not Stare Into Beam
Helium Neon Laser
1 milliwatt max/cw
CLASS IV Laser Product
VISIBLE LASER RADIATION-
AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT
OR SCATTERED RADIATION
Argon Ion
Wavelength: 488/514 nm
Output Power 5 W
Class II
Class IIIa with expanded beam
Class IIIa with small beam
Class IIIb
Class IV
INTERNATIONAL LASER
WARNING LABELS
Symbol and Border: Black
Background: Yellow
Legend and Border: Black
Background: Yellow
INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION
AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE
TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION
CLASS 4 LASER PRODUCT
WAVELENGTH 10,600 nm
MAX LASER POWER 200 W
31. LASER SAFETY EYEWEAR EYEWEAR LABELS
All eyewear must be labeled with wavelength and optical density.
32. Protect Your Eyes!
In a fraction of a
second, your
vision can go
dark.
ikassem@dr.com
CLASS 4 LASER
ND:YAG 1064 nm
100 Watts Max. Average Power
Eyewear Required: OD > 5 @ 1064 nm
VISIBLE and/ or INVISIBLE LASER
RADIATION-AVOID EYE OR SKIN
EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED
RADIATION.
Controlled Area Warning Sign
35. BASIC NECESSITIES FOR SURGERY
■ Adequate visibility
(1) adequate access
(2) Adequate light, and
(3) a surgical field free of excess
blood and other fluids.
■ Assistance
40. you can use it in
• Drillin
g
• Hemostasti
s
• incision and sendonary surger
y
• pain relie
f
• anaesthesi
a
• treat perimplantiti
s
• treat trismu
s
• manage gaging re
fl
ux
46. What is snoring?
• Snoring is the vibration of respiratory
structures
• and the resulting sound
• due to obstructed air movement during
breathing while sleeping.
51. ! 7% of young adult males
! 14% of young adult females
! Peck et al , 1992 :
26% of a sample of orthodontic patients
displayed 2 mm or more of maxillary gingiva
when smiling .
PREVALANCE
Diamond O . Facial esthetics and orthodontics , J Esthet Dent,1996
55. Lip length
tooth length
Depressor septi m.
Lip length male 23mm
female 21mm
Tooth length 12 mm
Respect the muscle ,
the patient will love you
56. Excessive gingival display— Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities Nir Silberberg, Moshe
Goldstein,Smidt, QUINTESSENCE INTERNATIONAL 4; 10; 2009
57. List of secrets • Measure lip length before you star
• check incisal show
• depend on video
• take care from depressor septi muscle
• nasal shape in important levator labi ala nasai muscle
• check the site of injection
• Laser and scar creation in lip switching
• Orthodontics only in growing patients
