Digital imaging systems provide advantages over traditional radiography such as immediate image viewing and sharing, enhanced images, reduced radiation exposure, and electronic storage. The document discusses the history of x-rays, compares digital and traditional radiography, and reviews several popular intraoral digital systems. Key factors to consider when purchasing a digital system include sensor size and shape, software features, computer hardware, and service and support.
A well pictured presentation on Endodontic Instrumentation for UG students. Best for getting a good grip on the topic as a whole. Meant to supplement not substitute standard texts.
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
The presentation depicts in a very simplified manner the steps of cavity preparation and restoration of class 3 and class 5 composite restoration. It is well supported with illustrations that further provide a better understanding of the topic.
A well pictured presentation on Endodontic Instrumentation for UG students. Best for getting a good grip on the topic as a whole. Meant to supplement not substitute standard texts.
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
The presentation depicts in a very simplified manner the steps of cavity preparation and restoration of class 3 and class 5 composite restoration. It is well supported with illustrations that further provide a better understanding of the topic.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
author: Dr.Hasan A.Ali
content:
introduction
terminology
- advantages and disadvantages
- types of digital radiography
- types of sensors
- uses of computer in digital imaging
- other features of digital imaging
Recent advances in diagnostic aids /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Affordable Digital Upgrade for Medical Imaging - the Benefits and the Return ...Carestream
s your imaging facility using analog X-ray film and chemistry? Do you want to improve workflow and image quality - and save costs? Watch this informative presentation that explains the improvements in workflow and image quality, and shares results from an independent study by NHS UK on the measurable results in productivity. You can learn more about Carestream's affordable digital upgrade solutions here https://www.carestream.com/en/us/medical/dr-systems/mobile-x-ray/dr-retrofit-solutions #analogtodigital #digitalupgrade #affordabledigitalimaging #crtodr #medicalimaging #xrayimaging #diagnosticimaging #carestreamtalks
Telepatholgy is the practice of pathology at a distance . there are three types: static image based, dynamic/ real time/dynamic robotic, and virtual or whole slide imaging. uses of telepathology, advantages and problems.
Virtual Retinal Display: their falling cost and rising performanceJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze the increasing economic feasibility of virtual retinal displays. These displays focus light on a person’s retina using LEDs, digital micro-mirrors and lenses, which are all encased in a head-set about the size of glasses. They enable high resolution 3D video images with a large field of view that are far superior to existing displays. Rapid improvements in LEDs and digital micro-mirrors (one type of MEMS) are enabling these displays to experience rapid reductions in cost and improvements in performance.
Recent advances in diagnosis & treatment plsning /certified fixed orthodonti...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Virtual Retinal Display (VRD) is a personal display device under development at the University of Washington's Human Interface Technology Laboratory in Seattle, Washington USA
As Carestream Dental’s most successful 3D unit, the CS 8100 3D
is now available with an optional cephalometric imaging module.
A multi-functional, 4-in-1 imaging solution, the new CS 8100SC 3D blends award-winning 2D panoramic technology, powerful CBCT imaging, and 3D model scanning with the world’s fastest cephalometric scanning capabilities. In turn, you gain access to the tools you need to build your practice through a single imaging system that covers virtually all of your everyday imaging needs.
ULTRA-COMPACT DESIGN
Slim and elegant, the CS 8100SC 3D fits practically anywhere. At just 1.8 m wide, the unit is one of the smallest cephalometric units and features an open design that Is built for comfort.
MULTI-FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM
In addition to diagnostic imaging, the CS 8100SC 3D allows you to obtain precise digital 3D models for optional applications, including orthodontics, implant planning or CAD/CAM restorations.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
3. • 1895: Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen X-rays
• Two weeks after: Otto Walkoff: First dental x-ray
• ALARA principle
“As low as reasonably achievable”
• 1987: First digital x-ray sensor for use in dentistry by
Dr Francis Mouyen ( Later Marketed by Kodak).
• 2006: End of the film-base radiology??
5. “You may simply let the patients
know that they’ll be getting about
90% less radiation than they would
from a standard x-ray.”
6. “The images come up instantly as
patients are in the chair; the images
are so large that patients can’t help
but become involved in the diagnosis.”
7. “Most patients are amazed at how
quickly the image comes up on the
screen and are impressed by its
size.”
8. “Don’t have to spend a lot of time
trying to sell the technology.
Simply let patients know what it is
and let them see the images.”
9. “Requires much lower exposure-
times than film thus reducing the
patient’s radiation consumption
dose.”
10. “Patients will view the the doctor
as making a more accurate
diagnosis by using improved
technology.”
11. ... The images can be immediately
brought up on the screen for the
patient to view and it can be
magnified from 100% to 300%.”
12. “It combines superior design with
outstanding performance,
resulting in perfect quality x-rays.”
13. “It’s been more than 100 years
since X-rays were invented.”
• Radiographic imaging process has not been
changed much.
14. Standard Radiographs
• Image receptor: film
• Image processing: photochemical
(developing, fixing, washing/rinsing, drying)
• Viewing: radiograph on illuminator
• Storage: radiograph
15. Digital Images
• Image receptor: CCD or screen
• Image processing: cpu and software or laser,
cpu and software
• Viewing: image on screen or print-out
• Storage: on disk or paper hard copy
16. Advantages/Disadvantages
Radiographs vs. Digital Images
• portable • not portable
• familiar
• can be viewed by all
• initially inexpensive
• must send by mail
• one viewer
• new technology
• must have
hardware/software
• inexpensive after
initial investment
• transmissible by wire*
• viewed
simultaneously
31. Advantages/Disadvantages
Radiographs vs. Digital Images
• film disposal • no film disposal
• chemical/silver
disposal
• film placement is easy
• no chemicals
• cable connection
interferes with
placement
32. Digital Imaging:
Most significant advantages:
- Computer-aided image interpretation
- Image enhancement
- Image archiving
- Image retrieval
33. Digital Imaging
More Advantages
-No Chemical processing
-No Hazardous wastes
-Images can be transferred electronically
-Patient Education
-Time
-Less Radiation
34. Radiovisiographic image with contrast effect of the upper right
canine after root canal obturation made by the manual lateral-
vertical technique of gutta-percha compaction
35. A marked area of the apical
portion of the root for
zooming in ‘window’ format
37. Digital Imaging
Disadvantages
-Cost
-new technology = uncertainty
-rigidity and thickness of the sensor
-System crash
-Infection Control a challenge :-
(sensor cant be sterilized)
-unknown sensor lifespan
39. Intraoral Systems
•RVG 6100 / 5100
Kodak Dental System Group www.kodak.com/dental
•Computed Digital Radiography: CDR
Schick Technologies
•SIDEXIS IO2
Sirona Dental Systems
•DEXIS
DEXIS Digital X-Ray
•ImageRAYi
Dentrix
• Lightyear (Light Year Technology)
41. • OpTimeA
Soredex USA,
• DenOptix QST
Gendex Imaging
• ScanX
Air Techniques
Intraoral Systems
PSP Systems
42. Factors that might influence your purchasing decision:
•Sensors: Size
Shape
Positioning devices
•Software features
•Computer equipment: Processor
System memory (RAM)
Hard disk space
43. ADA in 2006 evaluated 7* direct digital system:
•DIXI 3 Planmeca
•CDR Schick Technologies
•Image RAYi Dentrix Dental System
•RVG 6000 Kodak Dental Systems
•Sigma Instrumentarium Dental, Inc.
•VisualiX eHD GENDEX Dental Systems
•DEXIS * Dexis LCC
19 clinicians under standard conditions for interpretation
44. Perceptibility Test
Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Specificity of Evaluated Systems
CDR 93.2 88.9 98.9
DIXI 86.3 80.0 98.9
ImageRAYi 93.7 91.1 98.9
RVG 94.0 91.1 100
Sigma 88.6 82.9 100
VisualiX 86 81.1 95.8
Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity
56. So what should one look for...?
• Do I need this now?
• How many operatories are equipped
with tubeheads?
• Are you & your staff willing to learn
new techniques?
• Can I communicate with other
practitioners (or other offices)?
57. • How easy is it to back up the images?
• Can I get upgraded software and if so,
what would it cost?
• How is servicing handled? Cost,
availability, time to arrive?
So what should one look for...?
58. Both Happy Families But you have to
keep on be upgrading yourself
(As and When BUDGET allows!!)