The document provides a comprehensive overview of language policy and planning, defining key concepts, historical developments, influence factors, models, and current issues in the field. It discusses how language planning is defined as systematic changes in language use, and the impacts of sociopolitical factors, globalization, and epistemological paradigms. Current issues include the rise of English, language inequality, and the implications of language in education and minority rights.

1. LanguagePolicyand PlanningFacultad de HumanidadesEscuela de Ciencias del LenguajeSeminario de Lingüística AplicadaProf. Carlos MayoraDecember2014

2. •Definitions
•Factors influencing the field
•Historical developments
•Models
•Scope
•Current issues
Contents

3. Definitions

4. Definitions
…la asignación de recursos, por parte de las personas que tienen autoridad para ello, para el logro de metas relacionadas con el estatus y el corpus del lenguaje; ya sea con relación a nuevas funciones –usos funcionales
del lenguaje–que se desea desarrollar o con respecto a viejas funciones que necesitan ser descartadas.
Pereira, 2013, p. 387

5. Definitions
The discipline of language planning has been defined as systematic, future-oriented change in language code (corpus planning), use (status planning), learning and speaking (language-in-education planning) and/or language promotion (prestige planning) undertaken by some authoritative organisation –most frequently by governments, but increasingly by other organisations –with some community of speakers.
Baldauf, 2012, p. 234

6. Definitions
Se entiende por políticas lingüísticas la toma de decisiones de carácter normativo con respecto al uso de las lenguas en una nación, comunidad u organización […] la planificación lingüística se refiere al proceso sistemático para la elaboración e implementación de una política lingüística
Mayora, en prensa

7. Definitions
…language planning [can be considered]the quintessential
example of applied linguistics, combining as it does the need for theoretical understandings about language and a requirement for application to real life
situations.
Baldauf, 2012, p. 234

8. Factors influencing the field

9. Macro sociopolitical
Epistemological
Strategic
Ricento, 2000
Factors influencing the field

10. Factors influencing the field
Macro sociopolitical
(social and politicaleventsand processesthatcallfortheneedof a languagepolicy)
Stateformation/desintegration
Wars
Migration
Globalization

11. Factors influencing the field
Epistemological
(paradigmsof knowledgeand research)
Positivism
Post modernism
Neo-Marxism

12. Factors influencing the field
Strategic
(Practicalreasonsfordoinglanguageplanning)
Designand implementation
Evaluation
Criticism
Social change

13. Historical development
Early Work: Modernization
Second stage: Failure of modernization
Third stage: The New World Order
Ricento, 2000

14. Early work: Modernization
Time period: Post world war II to the late 60’s
Macro sociopolitical factors: The end of the war, rise of postcolonial states in Africa, Asia and America.
Epistemology: Positivism
Strategic: National unity and modernization

15. Second stage
Time period: Mid 70’s to early 1990’s
Macro sociopolitical factors: Neo-colonialism, The cold war and the failure of modernization
Epistemology: Relativism and post-modernism
Strategic: Evaluate and criticize the language policies from the early work era

16. Third stage
Time period: Late 1990’s -today
Macro sociopolitical factors: Fall of the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union, Globalization
Epistemology: Relativism and neo-marxism
Strategic: Language ecology, linguistic rights, social change, social inequalities.

17. Models or approaches to language planning
Classical approach
Language management approach
Domain approach
Critical approach
Baldauf, 2012

18. The classical approach
Language planning and policy for…
Status planning
Social roles and perceptions of the languages.
Corpus planning
Description of the languages in a country/polity
Language-in- education
Linguistic components in curricula (national and foreign languages)
Prestige planning
The “image” of the society transmitted through the language.

19. The language management approach
LPP involves
Identifying a deviation from language(s) use
Evaluating language use
Designing/implementing a new norm
Evaluating the norm

20. The domain approach
According to this approach, different languages in a polity can be assigned different status and roles in different domains (family, religion, the workplace, etc.). Language planning consists on in-field, ethnographic and interdisciplinary research to determine what role and in what domain each language should receive.

21. Critical approaches
They evaluate and analyze how language policies perpetuate or challenge existing ideologies and power relations.
Make extensive use of discourse analysis and critical discourse analysis
Seek to transform reality rather tan merely describing it or prescribing it.

22. The scope of language planning and policy

23. The scope of language planning and policy
National language or languages:
How many languages are spoken in the polity and by how many people?
Should there be one national language or many?
Should all national languages be part of the legal/administrative system?

24. The scope of language planning and policy
Language in education:
In what language are students instructed?
What foreign languages are included in the curricula?
What weight is given to foreign languages in the curricula?

25. The scope of language planning and policy
Minority languages:
How many languages are there in the polity?
What is the status of each?
What access to power and social opportunities are given to the speakers of minority languages?
In what language are they educated?

26. The scope of language planning and policy
Supra-national unions:
As international allegiances and multinational agreements emerge, new economic and political blocks emerge (the EU or Mercosur). Then:
How many members does the supra- state polity has? What languages do they speak? What languages are to be used in meetings? In what languages are documents to be published?

27. Current issues

28. Current issues
•The internationalization of English
•Exclusion and inequality through language
•The death of languages
•Intercultural communication

29. «…el hecho es que los políticos, no muy sofisticados en asuntos lingüísticos, son quienes toman las decisiones, y las toman en gran medida de acuerdo a sus propias e individuales lealtades lingüísticas»
(Kaplan, 1992, p. 151).
Current issues

30. “…como idioma nacional, se le confiere al castellano mucho más prestigio y utilidad que a cualquier idioma indígena. La estigmatización de estos últimos[…] forma parte de la ideología lingüística nacional y permea toda la dinámica de contacto. [Cabe destacar el] hecho de que el ejercicio del poder pasa inexorablemente por el castellano, cuyos hablantes imponen, con mayor o menor sutileza, las reglas del juego. ”
Villalón, 2011, p. 148
Current issues

31. EU languages permeate the ongoing processes of creating a “union” […] language policy at the supra-national level is largely implicit and covert. As some languages are more “international” than others the equality of the 11 languages has in fact always been a myth
Phillipson, 2001
Current issues

32. Baldauf, R.B. (2012). Language planning: Where have we been? Where might we be going? RevistaBrasileirade LingüísticaAplicada, 12(2): 233-248.
Kaplan, R. (1992). Applied linguistics and language policy and planning. EnGrabe, W. y Kaplan, R. (Comps.). Introduction to applied linguistics(pp. 143-165). Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Mayora, C. (en prensa). Aportes de la lingüística aplicada al estudio del poder. Lenguaje, 43(1).
Pereira, S. (2013). Planificación y políticas lingüísticas en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras a nivel universitario: un análisis de percepciones. Lenguaje, 41(2): 383-406
References

33. Phillipson, R. (2001). English yes, but equal language right first. The guardian [online version]. Available: http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2001/apr/19/guardianweekly.guardianweekly1
Ricento, T. (2000). Historical and theoretical perspectives in language policy and planning. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 4(2):196-213.
Villalón, M.E. (2011). Lenguas amenazadas y la homogeneización lingüística de Venezuela. Boletínde lingüística,23(35-36): 143-170.
References