I thanks go to Naeem, Sher Azam, Monica Gill, Syed Aziz and Samia Kausar at Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad. I have tried to acknowledge all sources and true to the original data as much as possible, however there are undoubtedly still corrections to be made. If anyone who reads this acknowledgements find a piece of data that needs correction, please notify me at ahdihassan441@gmail.com.

1. By
Naeem
Sher Azam Khan
Syed Aziz
Monica
Ahdi Hassan
Samia
LPLP
DILEMMA
IN PAKISTAN

2.  The language planning was first introduced by Einar Haugen, an American linguist, in
the late 1950s, which states:
‘…all conscious efforts that aim at changing the linguistic behavior of a speech
community.’
(Rajend, Mesthrie . Introducing Sociolinguistics(Second Edition. p.371.)
 Language planning is a deliberate effort to change a language or its functions in society
 Language planning has been defined in multiple ways, one of which is:
‘….language planning is an attempt by someone to modify the linguistic behavior
of some community for some reason.’
(language planning: from practice to theory by Robert B.Kaplan and Richard
B.Baldauf Jr.1997. p.3.)
LANGUAGE PLANNING

3.  Language Policy is a special designed policy concerning particular language
use in particular social, political and official setting.
 Language Policy has to do with decisions (rules, regulations,
guidelines) about the status, use, domains, and territories of language(s)
and the rights of speakers of the languages in question.
 African-American linguist Geneva Smitterman states:
‘A language policy is a law, rules or percepts designed to bring about
language change. Such a policy is encoded in mechanism of language
planning undertaken by governments, schools and other institutional
bodies’. (2000:288)
LANGUAGE POLICY

4.  Cooper discusses three major types of language planning:
‘…status planning, corpus planning and acquisition planning.’
(David, Crystal. 1987The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English
Language. Cambridge University Press. p.212. )
 Above mentioned planning is done to spread the language, creating
standardized form of it and so on.
TYPES OF LANGUAGE PLANNING

5.  Status Planning is done to give status to a particular language in a state to
make possible the use of it in many domains. As Tariq Rehman mentions:
‘…term was used by Kloss (1969) for the importance given to a language by the
state.’
 It is mostly done by governmental bodies who decide which language is taken
to be national language or official one.
STATUS PLANNING

6.  Corpus Planning is done to create literature in the language or
corpora, to codify it and make the orthography so that the
masses get it easy to read and write it.
 The corpus planning is done by the institutions and linguists
authorized by the state.
 Corpus planning includes making dictionaries and grammars.
CORPUS PLANNING

7. ACQUISITION PLANNING
 Acquisition planning is widely known as the teaching of a language.
‘refers to organized efforts to promote the learning or relearning of a language’.
(Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education by Colin Baker and Sylvia
Prys Jones. 1998. P.206. )
 It is to boot considered the ‘sub-category’ of status planning and it promotes the use
of language in media, education and research by the help of status planning.
(Reversing Language Shift: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of
Assistance to Threatened Languages by Joshua A. Fishman. 1991. P.381.)

8.  Language Planning can be done
on individual basis without the
support of state and by the state.
 It includes three main types of
planning, status, corpus and
acquisition planning.
 Language Policy is designed by
the empowered group in a state
to impose a particular language.
 It includes selecting national
language, official language and
which language to be used in
public domain, official domain
and educational domain.
Language Planning Language Policy
LANGUAGE PLANNING VS
LANGUAGE POLICY

9. Language Planners:
Bureaucratic Organization
Ruling Elites
Governmental Bodies
Mansoor points out that ‘‘….language policy and planning
decisions take place not only at the policy level but also in
bureaucratic organization”.
BACKGROUND OF LANGUAGE
POLICY IN PAKISTAN

10. Just paper work and no implementation
Separation of Bangladesh and Bengali Language Movement
‘Hamra Basha Bangla’
Sindhi-Muhajir linguistic Riots in 1971 to 1972
The problem of Sindhi Salariat
Ethno-linguistic Politics
ISSUES RELATED TO LANGUAGE
POLICY IN PAKISTAN

11. OVERVIEW OF LANGUAGE
POLICIES IN PAKISTAN