Shifting cultivation involves burning parts of forests to grow crops until the land becomes infertile. This practice reduces soil fertility and is mainly done by nomads. The productive area available for agriculture is decreasing rapidly due to development activities. Land pollution leads to loss of forest cover, less rainfall, and less vegetation. These effects contribute to problems like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and global warming. Noise pollution from sources like vehicles and airports can cause hearing loss, annoyance, health issues, and reduce work efficiency if not properly addressed. Studies show that reducing indoor noise levels can increase REM and slow wave sleep, though complete adaptation does not always occur. Perceived control over noise sources and the ability to avoid noisy environments can help reduce threats and

15.  Shifting cultivation basically means burning a
selected part of forest in order to grow crops. This
type of land is utilized until it becomes sterile and
then its left as it is.
 This type of cultivation which reduces the fertility
of the soil is mainly done by nomads.

19.  Productive area is fast reducing because of
development activities such as human
settlement, industries roads, railways,
airports, dams, canals, etc

21.  Soil pollution
 Effect on climate
 Extinction of species
 Biomagnifications

23.  Land pollution leads to loss of forest cover of
earth. This in turn affects the amount of
rain. Less rain mean lesser vegetation. The
effect of all different kinds of pollution will
eventually lead to problems like acid rain
,green house effect , global warming.

28. Recycle all the possible products

29. Compost garden and kitchen waste

36. Sound level meter, Condenser microphones, dynamic
microphones and ceramic microphones are some of the
devices that are used to measure noise levels.
Noise Level Analyzer is a device that is used for monitoring and
measuring environmental noise due to traffic in roads,
aircraft noise in airports and other noises where statistical
information is required.

40.  Loss of hearing
 Annoyance
 Health effect
 Interference with communication
 Working efficiency

42. Proper maintenance and lubrication of machines.
Sources of noise pollution like heavy vehicles,
airports, railway station etc should be located
away from populated areas.
Use of loudspeaker should be restricted to a fixed
intensity and fixed hours of the day.
Restricting the unnecessary horn blowing by
laws.
Noisy machine should be installed in sound proof
chamber.

43. Silence zone should be created around residential
areas, educational institution, and hospitals.
Planting more trees having broad leaves which
absorbs more sound
Occupational exposure to noise can be reduced by
using protective devices such as ear plugs.

46. Research paper:
http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/68/1/243.full
Websites:
 www.nunkphotos.com/land-pollution-photos.html
 www.crystalagraphic.com/powerpicture/images.photos.asp?ss=pollution
 www.inmagine.com/searchterms/noise_pollution.html
 www.buzzle.com/arcticles/land-pollution.html
 www.legalserviceindia.com/arcticles/noip.htm
Book:
 Environmental Studies(6th Edition) by Prof.B.R. Shah & Ms.Snehal Popli

47. Serial
no.
Research
topic
Authors Material and
method
Finding
1. Noise pollution:
Non auditory
effects on
health
1.Stephen A
Stansfeld
2.Mark P
Matheson
Non-Auditory effects
of noise can be
defined as ‘all those
effects on health and
well being which are
caused by exposure
of noise, with the
exclusion of effect on
the hearing organ
and effects which are
due to masking of
auditory information.
Noise disturbs
activities and
communication,
symptoms and
possibly illness.
Studies on noise abatement
show that, by reducing indoor
noise level, the amount of REM
sleep and slow wave sleep can
be increased. It thus seems that,
although there may be some
adaptation to sleep disturbance
by noise, complete habituation
does not occur, particularly for
heart rate. Perception of control
over noise source may reduce
the threat of noise and the belief
that it can be harmful. If people
do not like noise they may take
action to avoid it by moving
away from noisy environment or,
if they are unable to move away,
by developing coping strategies.
Active coping with noise may be
sufficient to migrate any ill
effects.