The document discusses noise pollution, its sources, effects, and measures for prevention. It identifies major sources of noise pollution as household activities, social events, commercial/industrial activities, and transportation. Noise from industries, construction sites, vehicles, and agricultural machinery can harm hearing and health. Prevention measures include limiting noisy activities near settlements, proper vehicle maintenance, and soundproofing buildings.

1. Environmental Science
Unit-4 Noise pollution
Topic- Noise pollution
Sources of Noise pollution
Effects of Noise pollution
Measures For Prevention/Control Of Noise
Pollution
Prepared by –Prof.S.M.Gunjal
Sanjivani College of Engineering,Kopargaon

2. Noise Pollution Definition
Noise pollution, also known as environmental
noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of
noise with harmful impact on the activity of
human or animal life.
Sound is a vibration that propagates as a
mechanical wave of pressure and displacement,
through some medium(i.e. air or water).

3.  Noise is basically any unwanted sound.
 It is measured in dB units.

4. (i) Industrial Sources:
 Progress in technology (industrialization) has
resulted in creating noise pollution. Textile
mills, printing presses, engineering
establishments and metal works etc.
contribute heavily towards noise pollution.

5.  Automobile revolution in urban
centers has proved to be a big
source of noise pollution.
Increasing traffic has given rise to
traffic jams in congested areas
where the repeated hooting of
horns by impatient drivers pierce
the ears of all road users.

6.  The household is an industry in itself and is a
source of many indoor noises such as the
banging of doors, noise of playing children,
crying of infants, moving of furniture, loud
conversation of the inhabitants etc. Besides
these are the entertainment equipment in the
house, namely the radio, record-players and
television sets.

7.  In India people need only the slightest of an
excuse for using loud speakers. The reason
may be a religious function, birth, death,
marriage, elections, demonstration, or just
commercial advertising. Public system,
therefore, contributes in its own way towards
noise pollution.
 (V) Agricultural Machines:
 Tractors, thrashers, harvesters, tube wells,
powered tillers etc. have all made agriculture
highly mechanical but at the same time highly
noisy. Noise level 90 dB to 98 dB due to
running of farm machines have been
recorded in the state of Punjab.

8. 1. Household Sources
2. Social Events
3. Commercial and Industrial Activities
4. Transportation.

9.  Food Mixer
 Grinder
 Vacuum Cleaner
 Washing machine and Dryer
 Air Conditioner
 Straighter and curlers
 Cooler
 TV
 iPods and Earphones
 Loud speaker
 Neighbor's Barking Dog

11.  Places of Worship
 Discos and Gigs
 Parties
 Markets where people sell goods with
 loudspeaker

12.  Printing Presses
 Manufacturing Industries
 Construction Sites

13.  Pneumatic Hammers
 Air Compressors
 Bulldozers
 Loaders
 Dump Trucks
 Pavement breakers.

14. (i) Physical Effects:
 The physical manifestation of noise pollution
is the effect on hearing ability. Repeated
exposure to noise may result in temporary or
permanent shifting of the hearing threshold
of a person depending upon the level and
duration of exposure.

15. (ii) Physiological Effects:
The physiological manifestations of noise pollution
are several as mentioned below:
(a) Headache by dilating blood vessels of the brain.
(b) Increase in the rate of heart-beat.
(c) Narrowing of arteries.
(d) Fluctuations in the arterial blood pressure by
increasing the level of cholesterol in the blood.

16. (e) Decrease in heart output.
(f) Pain in the heart.
(g) Digestive spasms through anxiety and dilation
of the pupil of the eye, thereby causing eye-strain.
(h) Impairment of night vision.
(i) Decrease in the rate of colour perception.
(j) Lowering of concentration and affect on
memory
(k) Muscular strain and nervous breakdown.

17. Considering the widespread ill-effects of noise pollution,
measures need to be taken to control them.
1. Increasing noise pollution is very harmful for the health,
efficiency and productivity of animals, organisms, flora etc.
as well as the adaptation and balance of the environment.
2. It has become necessary to control it and also to make
people aware of this.

18. 3. Factories, which mainly produce noise pollution, should be established
far away from settlements, forests, reservoirs and hilly areas.
4. Settlements should not be located at least within 20 kilometres from
mining areas, and airports.
5. Explosives should be not used in mountainous, forest and mining areas.
6. With proper maintenance of vehicles, along with the restriction of high
sound horns, the use of advanced technology silencer should be used
inevitably.

19. 7. Use of horn in public places (hospital, teaching
institutes etc.) should be banned.
8. The sound of musical instruments should be
controlled to desirable limits
9. There should be control over noise generated
from machine and equipment.
10. The use of sound absorber acoustic tiles should
be encouraged in the construction of multi-
storeyed buildings.
11. In industrial, commercial and hospital buildings,
adequate soundproof systems should be
installed.