Red tides are caused by blooms of microscopic algae that can discolor coastal waters. The algae produce potent neurotoxins that accumulate in shellfish and can cause illness in humans and animals from eating contaminated seafood or inhaling aerosolized toxins. While some red tides occur naturally, nutrient pollution from agricultural and residential runoff can contribute to more frequent and severe algal blooms and the spread of harmful toxins. There is no way to fully prevent red tides but reducing coastal pollution may help limit their impacts.
A harmful algal bloom (HAB) is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms via production of natural toxins, mechanical damage to other organisms, or by other means. HABs are often associated with large-scale marine mortality events and have been associated with various types of shellfish poisonings.
primary productivity, photosynthesis, the primary producers in the aquatic environment. the factors affecting primary productivity in water, gross and net primary productivity, methods of measuring primary productivity based on measurements of oxygen evoution, carbohydrate estimation and chlorophyll method. the methods include radiocarbon(C14) method, C13 method , dark and light bottle method chlorophyll method, remote sensing and also incubation
A harmful algal bloom (HAB) is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms via production of natural toxins, mechanical damage to other organisms, or by other means. HABs are often associated with large-scale marine mortality events and have been associated with various types of shellfish poisonings.
primary productivity, photosynthesis, the primary producers in the aquatic environment. the factors affecting primary productivity in water, gross and net primary productivity, methods of measuring primary productivity based on measurements of oxygen evoution, carbohydrate estimation and chlorophyll method. the methods include radiocarbon(C14) method, C13 method , dark and light bottle method chlorophyll method, remote sensing and also incubation
Almost all natural bodies of water bear fish life, the exceptions being very hot thermal ponds and extremely salt-alkaline lakes such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake. The fishes belong to the most numerous and diversified group among vertebrates. They dominate the water bodies of the world through a variety of morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. They have been in existence for more than 450 million years. A total of 24618 species of fishes belonging to 482 families and 4258 genera have so far been described. About 58% of the fish species are marine while 41% are freshwater inhabitants and 1% migrants. In our Indian region alone, there are 2,500 species of which 930 are inhabitants of freshwater and the rest live in the seas. In other words, India harbours 11.5% of the fish fauna so far known in the world. There are over 800 living species of sharks and rays, 30 species of chimaeras and ratfishes, 6 species of lung fishes, 1 species of coelacanths, 36 species of long ray finned bichirs, sturgeons and paddlefishes. The Neopterygii are the rest of the known species of modem fishes. All these fishes inhabit various niches in the aquatic environment. The diversified habitats of fishes include open oceans, deep oceanic trenches, nearshore waters, saline coastal embayments, brackishwaters, estuaries, intermittent streams, tiny desert springs, vernal pools, cold mountain streams, lakes, ponds, etc.
Toxic Algae and Their Environmental Consequences_ Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersTTEH
Toxic Algae and Their Environmental Consequences by Syed Hasnain Shah*, Tanzeelur Rahman, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah, Syeda Tayyaba Bibi and Saqib Zahoor in Crimson Publishers: Health informatics
Harmful algae reproduction (HAB) occurs when algae producing toxins grow in water algae are microscopic organisms that live in an aquatic environment and through photosynthesis generate chemical energy from sunlight like higher plants. The growth of algae or algal blooms is visible with naked eye and are green layers, it might be blue, red or brown depending on the type of algae natural waters such as lakes, ponds and rivers always contain algae, but few species produce toxins In such algae, the production of toxins can be induced by environmental conditions like light, temperature and nutrients levels. The release of algae or algae toxins can have serious adverse effects on humans, fish, animals and other strata of the ecosystem
https://crimsonpublishers.com/tteh/fulltext/TTEH.000519.php
For more Open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/
For more Articles on Health informatics
please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/tteh/index.php
Almost all natural bodies of water bear fish life, the exceptions being very hot thermal ponds and extremely salt-alkaline lakes such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake. The fishes belong to the most numerous and diversified group among vertebrates. They dominate the water bodies of the world through a variety of morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. They have been in existence for more than 450 million years. A total of 24618 species of fishes belonging to 482 families and 4258 genera have so far been described. About 58% of the fish species are marine while 41% are freshwater inhabitants and 1% migrants. In our Indian region alone, there are 2,500 species of which 930 are inhabitants of freshwater and the rest live in the seas. In other words, India harbours 11.5% of the fish fauna so far known in the world. There are over 800 living species of sharks and rays, 30 species of chimaeras and ratfishes, 6 species of lung fishes, 1 species of coelacanths, 36 species of long ray finned bichirs, sturgeons and paddlefishes. The Neopterygii are the rest of the known species of modem fishes. All these fishes inhabit various niches in the aquatic environment. The diversified habitats of fishes include open oceans, deep oceanic trenches, nearshore waters, saline coastal embayments, brackishwaters, estuaries, intermittent streams, tiny desert springs, vernal pools, cold mountain streams, lakes, ponds, etc.
Toxic Algae and Their Environmental Consequences_ Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersTTEH
Toxic Algae and Their Environmental Consequences by Syed Hasnain Shah*, Tanzeelur Rahman, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah, Syeda Tayyaba Bibi and Saqib Zahoor in Crimson Publishers: Health informatics
Harmful algae reproduction (HAB) occurs when algae producing toxins grow in water algae are microscopic organisms that live in an aquatic environment and through photosynthesis generate chemical energy from sunlight like higher plants. The growth of algae or algal blooms is visible with naked eye and are green layers, it might be blue, red or brown depending on the type of algae natural waters such as lakes, ponds and rivers always contain algae, but few species produce toxins In such algae, the production of toxins can be induced by environmental conditions like light, temperature and nutrients levels. The release of algae or algae toxins can have serious adverse effects on humans, fish, animals and other strata of the ecosystem
https://crimsonpublishers.com/tteh/fulltext/TTEH.000519.php
For more Open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/
For more Articles on Health informatics
please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/tteh/index.php
Effect of anthropogenic factors on fish egg and larvae ashish sahu sahu81862@...Ashish sahu
There is increasing concern regarding the effect of human-generated (anthropogenic) sounds on marine organisms. While most concern is focused on marine mammals, many of the lower frequency (under 1,000 Hz) sounds are also likely to affect fish. Anthropogenic sounds can range from very intense signals such as noise generated by ships and their sonars to far less intense signals such as background sounds in hatcheries and oceanariums. The sounds may affect behavior and/or physiology, although very little is specifically known about how sounds affect fish. Limited data suggest that short- or long-term exposure to loud sounds may alter behavior, and also result in temporary or permanent loss of hearing. In order to better understand this issue, a series of studies are needed that systematically explore both behavioral and physiological effects of different types of sounds on a select group of species at different stages of their developmen
What is ecosystem? Relation between ecosystem and aquaculture ForamVala
An ecosystem is any spatial or organizational unit that includes a community of living and non-living parts.
The term ‘ecosystem’ was coined by A. G. Tansley (1935)- its ‘eco’ means environment and ‘system’ implies, a complex of coordinated units.
It may be as small as a puddle or as large as the entire earth (biosphere or ecosphere).
Further, an ecosystem may be natural as a pond, lake, river, estuary, ocean, forest, etc., or it may be man-made or artificial like an aquarium, a dam, a city, or a garden.
An ecosystem is any spatial or organizational unit that includes a community of living and non-living parts.
The term ‘ecosystem’ was coined by A. G. Tansley (1935)- its ‘eco’ means environment and ‘system’ implies, a complex of coordinated units.
It may be as small as a puddle or as large as the entire earth (biosphere or ecosphere).
Further, an ecosystem may be natural as a pond, lake, river, estuary, ocean, forest, etc., or it may be man-made or artificial like an aquarium, a dam, a city, or a garden.
The relationship between ecosystems and aquaculture is complex and interconnected.
Aquaculture, also known as fish farming, involves the cultivation of aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and plants in controlled environments like ponds, tanks, or cages.
Ecosystems, on the other hand, are natural systems consisting of living organisms (plants, animals, and microorganisms) interacting with each other and their physical environment.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
2. What is Red Tide
o Red tides are a marine phenomenon in which
water is stained a red, brown, or yellowish color
because of the temporary abundance of a
particular species of
pigmented dinoflagellates Also called
phytoplankton, or planktonic algae, these single-
celled organisms of the class Dinophyceae move
using a tail-like structure called a flagellum. They
also photosynthesize, and it is their photosynthetic
pigments that can tint the water during blooms
3. It is sometimes used to refer more broadly to other
types of algal blooms as well. K. brevis produces a
potent neurotoxin, known as the brevetoxin which
can cause illness and mortalities in fish, seabirds,
and marine mammals. Humans are susceptible to
the effects of exposure to brevetoxins as well, as
public health surveillance has documented human
intoxication from eating seafood that is
contaminated or respiratory complaints from
inhaling contaminated aerosols
Red tides are events in which estuarine, marine, or
fresh water algae accumulate rapidly in the water
column, resulting in coloration of the surface water
4. BACTERIAS AND ORGANISM IN RED
TIDE
Dinoflagellates
- large group of flagellate eukaryotes that constitute the
phylum Dinoflagellata.
- Most are marine plankton, but they are common
in freshwater habitats, as well. Their populations are
distributed depending on temperature, salinity, or depth.
Many dinoflagellates are known to be photosynthetic, but a
large fraction of these are in fact mixotrophic, combining
photosynthesis with ingestion of prey.
5. How It contaminate
The growth of marine phytoplankton is generally limited
by the availability of nitrates and phosphates, which can be
abundant in agricultural run-off as well as coastal
upwelling zones.
occurrence of red tides in some locations appears to be
entirely natural .
while in others they appear to be a result of increased
nutrient loading from human activities.
There is no one single cause of red tides and other harmful
algae blooms, but abundant nutrients need to be present
in sea water to support the explosive growth of
dinoflagellates.
6. common source of nutrients include water pollution:
scientists generally believe that coastal pollution from
human sewage, agricultural runoff and other sources
contribute to red tides, along with rising ocean
temperatures.
currents, called upwellings, come from nutrient-rich
bottom layers of the ocean, and bring to the surface
massive amounts of deep-water minerals and other
nutrients
Some algal blooms on the Pacific coast have also been
linked to occurrences of large-scale climatic oscillations
such as El Niño events
7. Toxin in Red Tide
Revis blooms produce powerful natural
neurotoxins known as brevetoxins.
The brevetoxins bind to voltage-gated sodium
channels, an important structure of cell
membranes. Binding results in persistent
activation of nerve cells, which interferes with
neural transmission leading to health problems
8. Human health effects
Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning is caused by the
consumption of shellfish contaminated by brevetoxins
which are produced by the dinoflagellate, Karenia
brevis. There are often both gastrointestinal and
neurological symptoms of NSP including diarrhea,
nausea/vomiting, numbness or tingling in lips face or
extremities, disorientation, and partial paralysis.
common human health problems associated with red
tides and other harmful algae blooms are various types
of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurological
disorders.
9. EFFECTS ON ANIMAL POPULATIONS
Most shellfish filter seawater to collect their food,
As they eat, they may consume toxic
phytoplankton and the toxins accumulate in their
flesh, eventually becoming dangerous, even
deadly, to fish, birds, animals and humans.
The dead fish continue to be health hazards,
because of the risk they will be eaten by birds and
marine mammals.
10. Prevention
There is no way to prevent Red Tide. It is a naturally occurring
bacteria that lives in the ocean. The more storms or waves that
mix the bottom sediments up into the water column allows
the bacteria to breed and produce the toxic Red Tide
Do not consume clams or mussels found floating in ocean
waters. They are likely to have filtered much more algae-
containing water than those from flats or beds, and therefore
usually will have much higher concentrations of the toxin that
causes paralytic poisoning.
