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Types of Cultivable Fishes

This document discusses different types of cultivable fish species in India. It covers five types of fish culture: mono culture, poly culture, mono sex culture, cage culture, and integrated fish culture. Some important cultivable species in India include various types of major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo calbasu, L. bata), exotic carps (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio), catfish (Clarias batrachus, Heteropneustes fossilis, Wallago attu), and snakeheads (Channa spp

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Types of Cultivable Fishes Balwant Singh Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow - 226025
Fish Culture • On the basis of special methods and technique, fish culture are divided into 5 types- 1) Mono Culture 2) Poly Culture or Composite Fish Culture 3) Mono Sex Culture 4) Cage Culture 5) Integrated Fish Culture
Base of Cultivable Fishes 1) It should have a fast growth rate. 2) It should be able to feed on natural and artificial foods. 3) It should be have resistant to diseases. 4) It should be a prolific breeder and easy to breed in ponds. 5) It should not be predaceous nature. 6) It should be able to survive under temporary bad water conditions.
Base of Cultivable Fishes 7) The fish should be tasteful . 8) It should be have high nutritive value. 9) Species that can be culture together without competing with each other. 10) It is able to highly preferable for maximum utilization of water.
Cultivable Fish Species • Cultivable fish species can be categorized of three types- 1) Indigenous or the native fresh water fishes. Exm.- Major Carps 2) Salt water fishes that are acclimatized to fresh water. Exm.- Chanos and Mullets 3) Exotic fish which is imported from outside of countery. Exm.- Mirror carp, Chinese carp, Tilapia etc.
Cultivable Species of Fishes • In India mostly major carps are use to cultivable fish and some catfish also use to culture. • The important cultivable species are Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo calbasu, L. bata and some exotic major carps species are Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypothalmichthys molitrix, Tilapia mossambica etc. • And some cat fish species are Clarias batrachus, Heteropneustes fossilis, Wallago attu etc. • Some other species are Anabas testudineus, Channa sps., Salmo sps. etc.
Catla catla • The species has the fastest rate of growth among the Indian major carps. • In good nursery ponds, hatchlings of catla stocked at the rate of 1000000 to 1250000 per hectare, grow to a length of 20-25 mm in 15 days.
Catla catla • Catla attains maturity when about 2 years old. • In 5 kg female, a total number of 4000000 ova were found which gives the fecundity to be 80 eggs/g body weights.
Labeo rohita • Rohu also grows very fast but is relatively little slower than Catla. They become mature in 1 year. • The hatchings of Rohu when stocked at the rate of 1000000 to 12,50,000/ha grow to a length of 25-30 mm in 15 days, and the survival rate is 50%.
Labeo rohita • In Rohu the average ret of egg is 1258/gbw. • The weight of Rohu is (33-45cms) 900 g in one year, 2-3 kg in second year and 5-6 kg in third year.
Nutritive Value of Labeo rohita ROHU - Nutritive Value Of Common Foods Value Per 100 grm. Foods Energy (Kcals) 97 Moisture(gm) 77 Protein(gm) 17 Fat(gm) 1 Mineral(gm) 1 Fibre(gm) - Carbohydrates(gm) 4 Calcium(mg) 650 Phosphorous(mg) 175 Iron(mg)
Labeo calbasu • Kalbasu is a widely distributed carp and grows to a fairly large size, but its rate of growth is slower than that of catla and Rohu.
Labeo calbasu • Kalbasu grows to a length of 30-35 cms and a weight of 450 g by the end of first year. • The average number of eggs is 438/gbw.
Labeo bata • It is a medium sized carp and attains a length of 60 cm. it is widely distributed in India and is often cultured with other major carps. • The growth ret of Bata is 25-32 mm in one month.
Cirrhinus mrigala • This species is widely cultured in India along with other carps. • It grows fast and fry when stocked at 10 lack to 12.5 lack/ha grow to 25-30 mm in length in 15 days.
Cirrhinus mrigala • Both the sexes mature when they are two years old. • For induced breeding ,they are mature in one year.
Hypopthalmichthys molitrix • The silver carp is a native of China, and is widely cultivated in S.E. Asian countries. • It was introduced into India in 1959. • Hatchings when stocked at 10-12.5 lack/ha, grow to size of 25-30 mm in 15 days. • In China this species grows to150,900, 1800 and 4200 g, at the end of first, second, third and fourth years respectively.
Hypopthalmichthys molitrix • Both the sexes of this species are reported to have become mature when 20 months old. • Silver carp become mature for induce breeding in only 11 months.
Ctenopharyngodon idella • The grass carp is an exotic fish introduced recently in India. • It has a fast growth rate. • Fry stocked at 10-12.5 lacks/ha attain a length 22-27 mm in 15 days.
Ctenopharyngodon idella • Grass carps grow to 12 cm in three months, and attained a length of 73-86 cm when 3 years old. • Males become mature when 2 years old; the females are reported to mature a year later.
Cyprinus carpio • The common carp is very widely distributed all over the world, and three varieties of the fish are known. • The species becomes sexually mature at different times depending on the climatic conditions.
Clarias batrachus • The species reaches a length of 20 cm by the end of first year, and a maximum length of 40 cm by the end of second year. • becomes sexually mature by the end of one year. • Generally, 2000-5000 fry are collected from one nest.
Heteropneustes fossilis • The Asian stinging catfish or Heteropneustes fossilis, is a species found in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Myanmar. • In India its called Singhi. H. fossilis is can tolerate slightly brackish water. It is omnivorous.
Heteropneustes fossilis • This species breeds in confined waters during the monsoon months, but can breed in ponds, derelict ponds, ditches etc. • This species grows to a length of 30 cm (12 in) TL and is an very important component of local commercial fisheries.
Wallago attu • Wallago attu is a species of catfish in the family Siluridae. • It is locally known as Padhin and commonly called Wallago. • It can reach maximum 2.4 m (8 feet) total length.
Wallago attu • This south Asian fish is found from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Vietnam, Indonesia etc. • It is not good for culture because they consuming more time. • It is mature in minimum 2 years for breeding.
Channa sps. • Channa is a genus of the Channidae family of snakehead fish. • Channa has a wide natural distribution extending from whole India. • They are one of the most common staple food fish in Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and other South East Asian countries where they are extensively cultured. • It is mainly carnivorous but some omnivorous fish.
Channa sps. • Apart from their importance as a food fish, snakeheads are also consumed as a therapeutic for wound healing as well as reducing post-operative pain and discomfort, and collected for the international aquarium pet trade. • In India most culturable sps. Of Channa is C. punctatus, C. striatus, C. orientalis, C. marulius, C. melasoma, C. gachua, C. argus, C. maculata etc.
Channa sps. C. stratus C. gachuaC. punctatus C. marulius C. orientalis C. maculata C. argusC. melasoma
Nutritive Value of Channa sps. Nutrition Nutritive Element (Per 100g fish) Protein 11.2g Fat 2.3g Iron 0.54g Calcium 0.14g Phosphorus 0.2g
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