This document discusses different types of cultivable fish species in India. It covers five types of fish culture: mono culture, poly culture, mono sex culture, cage culture, and integrated fish culture. Some important cultivable species in India include various types of major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo calbasu, L. bata), exotic carps (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio), catfish (Clarias batrachus, Heteropneustes fossilis, Wallago attu), and snakeheads (Channa spp
Setting an aquarium is an important steps to maintaining healthy ornamental fishes. It gives mind relaxation and peaceful. It is a hobby and reduces the stress also
Carps form the mainstay of aquaculture in India contributing over 85% of the total aquaculture production There are 61,259 species of vertebrates recognized world; over 30,700 are fish species of which 8,411 ore fresh water while 11,650 are marine. In India 2,163 spp. are fin fishes have been recorded from upland cold water (157; 7.26%) warm water of the plain (54; 20.99%), Brackish water (182; 8.41%) and marine environment (1,370; 63.43%). Some of these species are cultured at commercial level which covering a lot varieties of fin fishes The three Indian major carps, namely Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) contribute the bulk of production to the extent of 75 to85 percent of the total fresh water fish production, the three exotic carp such as Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio ), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella )form the second important group to incorporate several other medium and minor carp and into the carp poly culture system several method were used because of their region specific consumer preference and higher market demand.
History
Carp culture in India was restricted only to a homestead backyard pond activity in west Bengal and Odisha until late 1950 s with seed from riverine sources as the only input resulting low level of production the technological breakthrough breeding of carp through hypophysation in 1957 freshwater aquaculture of the country the country till 1984 virtually laid the foundation of scientific carp farming in the country.
Important characteristics of Indian major carps:-
Indian major carp grow fast and can reproduce even in artificial ponds. They feed upon phytoplankton, zooplankton, decaying organic matter, aquatic plant etc. stomach is absent in the alimentary canal of the major carps. Three types of Indian major carps are cultured in
Setting an aquarium is an important steps to maintaining healthy ornamental fishes. It gives mind relaxation and peaceful. It is a hobby and reduces the stress also
Carps form the mainstay of aquaculture in India contributing over 85% of the total aquaculture production There are 61,259 species of vertebrates recognized world; over 30,700 are fish species of which 8,411 ore fresh water while 11,650 are marine. In India 2,163 spp. are fin fishes have been recorded from upland cold water (157; 7.26%) warm water of the plain (54; 20.99%), Brackish water (182; 8.41%) and marine environment (1,370; 63.43%). Some of these species are cultured at commercial level which covering a lot varieties of fin fishes The three Indian major carps, namely Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) contribute the bulk of production to the extent of 75 to85 percent of the total fresh water fish production, the three exotic carp such as Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio ), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella )form the second important group to incorporate several other medium and minor carp and into the carp poly culture system several method were used because of their region specific consumer preference and higher market demand.
History
Carp culture in India was restricted only to a homestead backyard pond activity in west Bengal and Odisha until late 1950 s with seed from riverine sources as the only input resulting low level of production the technological breakthrough breeding of carp through hypophysation in 1957 freshwater aquaculture of the country the country till 1984 virtually laid the foundation of scientific carp farming in the country.
Important characteristics of Indian major carps:-
Indian major carp grow fast and can reproduce even in artificial ponds. They feed upon phytoplankton, zooplankton, decaying organic matter, aquatic plant etc. stomach is absent in the alimentary canal of the major carps. Three types of Indian major carps are cultured in
A short description about magur fish.The walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) is a species of freshwater airbreathing catfish native to Southeast Asia, but also introduced outside its native range where it is considered an invasive species. It is named for its ability to "walk" across dry land, to find food or suitable environments. While it does not truly walk as most bipeds or quadrupeds do, it has the ability to use its pectoral fins to keep it upright as it makes a wiggling motion with snakelike movements.[2] This fish normally lives in slow-moving and often stagnant waters in ponds, swamps, streams and rivers, flooded rice paddies or temporary pools which may dry up
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
A short description about magur fish.The walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) is a species of freshwater airbreathing catfish native to Southeast Asia, but also introduced outside its native range where it is considered an invasive species. It is named for its ability to "walk" across dry land, to find food or suitable environments. While it does not truly walk as most bipeds or quadrupeds do, it has the ability to use its pectoral fins to keep it upright as it makes a wiggling motion with snakelike movements.[2] This fish normally lives in slow-moving and often stagnant waters in ponds, swamps, streams and rivers, flooded rice paddies or temporary pools which may dry up
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
lobsters and crab fisheries in INDIA is a vast and enormous amount of catch and exports are being made.
this slide describes about the methods, distribution, annual landings and important species of lobster and crabs in India.
Oysters can change their gender. ...
Humans eat about two billion pounds of oysters every year.
Oysters are very healthy food source, they are loaded with vitamin C, D, and the B vitamins. ...
Clams can live up to 35 years. ...
Clams are high in protein and iron. ...
Lobsters sometimes eat their young.
it is a presentation which talks about 6 marine animals and 4 aquatic plants which are found to live in the Atlantic ocean.
it is a colorful presentation with lots of images to substantiate the information given aside.
Indigeneous major carp.pptx by Boby BasnetBoby Basnet
Biology of cultivated fish species: morphological characters, feeding habits, growth rate and reproductive behavior indigenous major carp by Assistant Prof. Boby Basnet.
Brackish water is a mixture of fresh and salty water which usually occurs in estuaries, and has a salinity usually of between 15 and 30 per thousand, depending on rainfall and freshwater run-off. Some fish species like mullets are able to survive in this environment.
Introduction The whale shark ,Rhincodon typus are large slow moving filter – feeders that are the largest known living fish in the ocean .
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It is an presentation on snake farming .Every points have been included that important to know about snake farming. here, you can get the basic knowledge about various snakes habits, destitution and it's care and management .
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
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Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
3. Fish Culture
• On the basis of special methods and technique,
fish culture are divided into 5 types-
1) Mono Culture
2) Poly Culture or Composite Fish Culture
3) Mono Sex Culture
4) Cage Culture
5) Integrated Fish Culture
4. Base of Cultivable Fishes
1) It should have a fast growth rate.
2) It should be able to feed on natural and
artificial foods.
3) It should be have resistant to diseases.
4) It should be a prolific breeder and easy to
breed in ponds.
5) It should not be predaceous nature.
6) It should be able to survive under temporary
bad water conditions.
5. Base of Cultivable Fishes
7) The fish should be tasteful .
8) It should be have high nutritive value.
9) Species that can be culture together without
competing with each other.
10) It is able to highly preferable for maximum
utilization of water.
6. Cultivable Fish Species
• Cultivable fish species can be categorized of three
types-
1) Indigenous or the native fresh water fishes.
Exm.- Major Carps
2) Salt water fishes that are acclimatized to fresh
water. Exm.- Chanos and Mullets
3) Exotic fish which is imported from outside of
countery. Exm.- Mirror carp, Chinese
carp, Tilapia etc.
7. Cultivable Species of Fishes
• In India mostly major carps are use to cultivable
fish and some catfish also use to culture.
• The important cultivable species are Labeo rohita,
Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo calbasu, L.
bata and some exotic major carps species are
Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella,
Hypothalmichthys molitrix, Tilapia mossambica etc.
• And some cat fish species are Clarias batrachus,
Heteropneustes fossilis, Wallago attu etc.
• Some other species are Anabas testudineus,
Channa sps., Salmo sps. etc.
8. Catla catla
• The species has the fastest rate of growth among
the Indian major carps.
• In good nursery ponds, hatchlings of catla stocked
at the rate of 1000000 to 1250000 per hectare,
grow to a length of 20-25 mm in 15 days.
9. Catla catla
• Catla attains maturity when about 2 years old.
• In 5 kg female, a total number of 4000000 ova
were found which gives the fecundity to be 80
eggs/g body weights.
10. Labeo rohita
• Rohu also grows very fast but is relatively little
slower than Catla. They become mature in 1 year.
• The hatchings of Rohu when stocked at the rate of
1000000 to 12,50,000/ha grow to a length of 25-30
mm in 15 days, and the survival rate is 50%.
11. Labeo rohita
• In Rohu the average ret of egg is 1258/gbw.
• The weight of Rohu is (33-45cms) 900 g in one
year, 2-3 kg in second year and 5-6 kg in third year.
12. Nutritive Value of Labeo rohita
ROHU - Nutritive Value Of Common Foods Value Per 100 grm. Foods
Energy (Kcals) 97
Moisture(gm) 77
Protein(gm) 17
Fat(gm) 1
Mineral(gm) 1
Fibre(gm) -
Carbohydrates(gm) 4
Calcium(mg) 650
Phosphorous(mg) 175
Iron(mg)
13. Labeo calbasu
• Kalbasu is a widely distributed carp and grows to a
fairly large size, but its rate of growth is slower
than that of catla and Rohu.
14. Labeo calbasu
• Kalbasu grows to a length of 30-35 cms and a
weight of 450 g by the end of first year.
• The average number of eggs is 438/gbw.
15. Labeo bata
• It is a medium sized carp and attains a length of 60
cm. it is widely distributed in India and is often
cultured with other major carps.
• The growth ret of Bata is 25-32 mm in one month.
16. Cirrhinus mrigala
• This species is widely cultured in India along with
other carps.
• It grows fast and fry when stocked at 10 lack to
12.5 lack/ha grow to 25-30 mm in length in 15
days.
17. Cirrhinus mrigala
• Both the sexes mature when they are two years
old.
• For induced breeding ,they are mature in one year.
18. Hypopthalmichthys molitrix
• The silver carp is a native of China, and is widely
cultivated in S.E. Asian countries.
• It was introduced into India in 1959.
• Hatchings when stocked at 10-12.5 lack/ha, grow
to size of 25-30 mm in 15 days.
• In China this species grows to150,900, 1800 and
4200 g, at the end of first, second, third and fourth
years respectively.
19. Hypopthalmichthys molitrix
• Both the sexes of this species are reported to have
become mature when 20 months old.
• Silver carp become mature for induce breeding in
only 11 months.
20. Ctenopharyngodon idella
• The grass carp is an exotic fish introduced
recently in India.
• It has a fast growth rate.
• Fry stocked at 10-12.5 lacks/ha attain a
length 22-27 mm in 15 days.
21. Ctenopharyngodon idella
• Grass carps grow to 12 cm in three months,
and attained a length of 73-86 cm when 3
years old.
• Males become mature when 2 years old; the
females are reported to mature a year later.
22. Cyprinus carpio
• The common carp is very widely distributed all
over the world, and three varieties of the fish are
known.
• The species becomes sexually mature at different
times depending on the climatic conditions.
23. Clarias batrachus
• The species reaches a length of 20 cm by the end
of first year, and a maximum length of 40 cm by
the end of second year.
• becomes sexually mature by the end of one year.
• Generally, 2000-5000 fry are collected from one
nest.
24. Heteropneustes fossilis
• The Asian stinging catfish or Heteropneustes fossilis,
is a species found in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan,
Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Myanmar.
• In India its called Singhi. H. fossilis is can tolerate
slightly brackish water. It is omnivorous.
25. Heteropneustes fossilis
• This species breeds in confined waters during the
monsoon months, but can breed in ponds, derelict
ponds, ditches etc.
• This species grows to a length of 30 cm (12 in) TL
and is an very important component of local
commercial fisheries.
26. Wallago attu
• Wallago attu is a species of catfish in the family
Siluridae.
• It is locally known as Padhin and commonly called
Wallago.
• It can reach maximum 2.4 m (8 feet) total length.
27. Wallago attu
• This south Asian fish is found from India,
Bangladesh, Pakistan, Vietnam, Indonesia etc.
• It is not good for culture because they consuming
more time.
• It is mature in minimum 2 years for breeding.
28. Channa sps.
• Channa is a genus of the Channidae family of
snakehead fish.
• Channa has a wide natural distribution extending
from whole India.
• They are one of the most common staple food fish
in Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and other South
East Asian countries where they are extensively
cultured.
• It is mainly carnivorous but some omnivorous fish.
29. Channa sps.
• Apart from their importance as a food fish,
snakeheads are also consumed as a therapeutic for
wound healing as well as reducing post-operative
pain and discomfort, and collected for the
international aquarium pet trade.
• In India most culturable sps. Of Channa is C.
punctatus, C. striatus, C. orientalis, C. marulius, C.
melasoma, C. gachua, C. argus, C. maculata etc.
30. Channa sps.
C. stratus
C. gachuaC. punctatus
C. marulius C. orientalis
C. maculata
C. argusC. melasoma
31. Nutritive Value of Channa sps.
Nutrition Nutritive Element
(Per 100g fish)
Protein 11.2g
Fat 2.3g
Iron 0.54g
Calcium 0.14g
Phosphorus 0.2g