different sources of light to be used in interiors of home, office, and commercial properties etc.

1. Submitted by : Gurpreet Kaur
Batch – ADVM032016C

2. INCANDESCENT LAMPS
Electric current heats an incandescent bulb’s tungsten filament
until it glows. 100 watt bulb is capable of producing 1600
lumens. These are available in different sizes and shapes.

3. HALOGEN LAMPS
1. TUNGSTEN HALOGEN LAMP:- Halogen gas such as iodine
inside the bulb prevents wear on the filament, allowing it to
glow brighter. 77 watt bulb is capable of producing 1600
lumens. Average life span of bulb is 1000 hrs. These are
mainly used in vehicles.
2. COMPACT HALOGEN LAMP:- This is the improved version of
tungsten halogen bulb and are more energy efficient than
tungsten halogen. These are mostly used in retail
applications.

4. FLUORESCENT LAMPS
A fluorescent lamp is a low pressure mercury-vapor gas-
discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light.
An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor which
produces short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes
a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp to glow.

5. COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS
Excited gas in a CFL tube emits ultraviolet photons, which coax
the bulb’s coating to emit visible light.

6. MERCURY VAPOUR LAMP
A mercury-vapor lamp is a gas discharge lamp that uses
an electric arc through vaporized mercury to produce light.

7. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP
High-intensity discharge lamps (HID lamps) are a type of
electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by means of
an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a
translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc
tube. This tube is filled with both gas and metal salts. HID
includes metal halide, and high-pressure sodium lamps.

8. METAL HALIDE LAMP
A metal-halide lamp is an electric lamp that produces light by an
electric arc through a gaseous mixture of vaporized mercury
and metal halides (compounds of metals with bromine or
iodine). It is a type of high-intensity discharge (HID) gas discharge
lamp.

9. SODIUM VAPOR LAMP
A sodium-vapor lamp is a gas-discharge lamp that
uses sodium in an excited state to produce light. There are two
varieties of such lamps: low pressure and high pressure.
1. Low-pressure sodium lamps are highly efficient electrical
light sources, but their yellow light restricts applications to
outdoor lighting such as street lamps.
1. High-pressure sodium lamps produce a broader spectrum
of light than the low-pressure lamps.

10. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)
An LED bulb contains many small semi-conductor units; each
emits light when a voltage is applied. These are the most
efficient bulbs.

11. COMPARISON
Light source Wattages
Incandescent 0-1500w
Halogen 5-20000w
Fluorescent Lamp 8-115w
CFL 9-100w
Mercury Vapor Lamp 40-400w
Metal Halide Lamp 35-2000w
High Pressure Sodium 35-1000w
Low Pressure Sodium 18-180w
LED 0.5-30w