L01 Ecosystems-what are they
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An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in a community together with the abiotic factors they interact with. It is structured by many competitive interactions and complex mutualisms between species as well as predator-prey relationships. Ecosystems function through the flow of energy and cycling of materials as organisms capture and transfer carbon, nutrients, and water. Biodiversity allows ecosystems to perform essential functions like photosynthesis and the breakdown of organic matter.
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The document discusses energy and matter, food chains, and material and nutrient cycles in ecosystems. It defines key terms like producers, consumers, trophic levels, and decomposers. It explains that energy enters ecosystems from the sun and is either passed up food chains, stored in detritus, or lost as heat. Matter cycles between biotic and abiotic parts of ecosystems, with producers taking in simple molecules like CO2 and releasing complex organic molecules, and decomposers breaking these down and releasing simple molecules. Microbes play major roles in nutrient cycles like carbon and nitrogen.
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The document defines key terms in ecology such as ecosystem, biome, producers, consumers, and decomposers. It explains that an ecosystem is a community of interacting organisms and their environment. Energy from the sun enters ecosystems during photosynthesis and is transferred between trophic levels as organisms consume each other. Nutrients cycle between biotic and abiotic components through decomposition. Producers, consumers, and decomposers all play important roles in the flow of energy and cycling of nutrients within ecosystems.
ECOSYSTEM, DEFINITION, COMPONENTS AND ENERGY FLOW
1. All living organisms interact with biotic and abiotic factors in their environment to meet their basic survival needs.
2. An ecosystem is defined as a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment. It consists of biotic and abiotic components.
3. Biotic components include producers like plants, primary consumers like herbivores, secondary consumers like carnivores that eat herbivores, and decomposers like bacteria and fungi. Abiotic components include non-living factors like climate, soil, water and sunlight.
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The document defines ecology as the scientific study of the interaction between living organisms and their environment. It discusses key concepts in ecology like ecosystems, biotic and abiotic components, energy flow, nutrient cycling, and trophic structure. Some key types of ecosystems mentioned are forests, grasslands, deserts, aquatic, urban, and agricultural ecosystems.
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An ecosystem is defined as a natural functional unit comprising living organisms and their non-living environment interacting to form a stable system. The key components of an ecosystem are biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors. Energy from the sun is captured by producers like plants through photosynthesis and transferred through consumers and decomposers in a food chain or food web. Nutrients and matter cycle between biotic and abiotic components. Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and matter between trophic levels, with fewer organisms and more biomass at higher levels due to energy losses between levels.
Ecosystem
The document provides information about ecosystems, including:
1) An ecosystem is a dynamic system consisting of organisms and their environment that influence each other. There are terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
2) Ecosystem structure includes stratification, and functions include productivity, decomposition, energy flow, and nutrient cycling.
3) Primary productivity is the production of biomass by plants, while secondary productivity is the production of new biomass by consumers.
Ecosystem and Ecological succession
1) An ecosystem is a self-sufficient unit comprising living organisms and their non-living environment that interact through material cycles.
2) Energy flows through ecosystems via primary producers, consumers at different trophic levels, and decomposers. Only about 1% of solar energy is stored at the producer level.
3) Nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and oxygen cycle between biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems through processes like photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition and nitrogen fixation.
Ecosystem and biodiversity.compressed
The document provides information about ecosystems and ecology. It begins with definitions of ecosystems as self-regulating groups of interacting species and their environment, and ecology as the study of organism interactions and relationships. It then describes the key components and structure of ecosystems, including abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic factors. Biotic components include producers (photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs), consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detritivores), and decomposers. The document also discusses energy flow and trophic levels in food chains and food webs in ecosystems.
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The document discusses environmental science and engineering topics that will be covered in a course. It includes 5 units: Environment, Ecosystem and Biodiversity; Environmental Pollution; Natural Resources; Social Issues and the Environment; and Human Population and the Environment. The course will examine relationships between humans and the environment and how to develop environmental protection plans. It will provide awareness of problems and the need for conservation to identify and solve issues.
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1) An ecosystem is formed by the interaction between a community of living organisms and their non-living physical environment. It includes biotic factors like organisms and abiotic factors like water, soil, and temperature.
2) Ecosystems rely on matter, which is either inorganic or organic, and energy from the sun. Producers use inorganic matter and energy to produce organic matter. Consumers obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers, and decomposers recycle organic matter.
3) Food chains and webs show how energy flows through ecosystems from producers to different trophic levels of consumers. Trophic pyramids illustrate biomass and numbers at each level, with less at higher levels due to
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The document discusses several key concepts in ecology including:
- Producers (autotrophs) obtain energy through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis and are the base of the food chain.
- Energy and matter cycle through ecosystems in food chains and webs with producers as the first trophic level and multiple consumer levels above.
- Nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycle through ecosystems via biogeochemical cycles as they pass between organisms and the environment.
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- 16. Sunlight - the source of energy for the biosphere Miller Ch 4 Fig 4.14
- 22. Which are the most productive ecosystems on Earth?