An ecosystem consists of living and non-living things that interact in the same area. Living things are organized into populations of species that belong to communities. Producers like plants use photosynthesis to produce food, while decomposers break down dead organisms, recycling nutrients. Consumers eat producers or other consumers, forming food chains that interconnect into food webs. Ecosystems exist in various climates worldwide, such as cold deserts, forests, grasslands, and rainforests, each with characteristic environmental conditions and species. Aquatic ecosystems also contain producers, consumers, and decomposers in both marine and freshwater habitats.

1. ECOSYSTE
MS

2. What is an ecosystem?
 Group of living and non-living things that live in
the same area. They all interact.

3. Living things in an ecosystem:
 They are organised in:
 Species: group of organisms that can
reproduce with each other and produce fertile
offspring.
 Population: all the individuals that belong to
the same species.
 Community: group of different populations that
live together.

4. How do they interact?
 Depending on how living things get their food
they can be classified in:
 Producers: they are the plants. They use soil
and energy to perform the photosynthesis and
produce food. Other living things use plants as
food.

5. How do they interact?
 Decomposers: bacteria and fungi. They feed
off the remains of dead animals and plants.
Then, they return this nutrients to the soil for
the plants.

6. How do they interact?
 Composers: animals and organisms that feed on
other living things.
 Primary consumers: they eat producers, so they
are herbivores (rabbits eat grass).
 Secondary consumers: they eat other
consumers, so they are carnivores (eagles eat
rabbits).
 Tertiary consumers: eat both producers and
consumers, so they are omnivores (birds eat
fruits and worms).

7. How do they interact?

8. Food chains and food webs
 Food chain: living things eat each other
passing the energy from one to another.

9. Food chains and food webs
 Food webs: most living things are part of
several food chains. When we connect them,
we have a food web.

10. Food chains and food webs
 Balance of living things: if one population
changes, it can affect other populations. As a
result, it modifies the ecological balance.
When a big change affects the balance of
living things, it can lead to the extinction of
species.

11. Terrestrial ecosystems
 Cold deserts: Antarctica and Greenland. They
have:
 Freezing temperatures
 Little precipitation
 Land is covered with snow and ice
 Very little vegetation
 Animals have thick layer of fat

12. Terrestrial ecosystems

13. Terrestrial ecosystems
 Taiga: in Russian means dense evergreen
forest. Covers the very North of Europe, Asia
and North America. It has:
 Very cold temperatures (snow in Winter)
 Long and reainy days in Summer
 Many evergreen trees

14. Terrestrial ecosystems

15. Terrestrial ecosystems
 Temperate forests: are located in canada,
eastern United States, Europe and China.
They have:
 Cold temperatures in Winter and mild in
Summer
 Moderate rain
 Most trees are deciduous
 Wide variety of animals that migrate during
cold winters

16. Terrestrial ecosystems

17. Terrestrial ecosystems
 Warm deserts: Sahara and Atacama deserts.
They have:
 High temperatures during day and cool at
night
 Scarce precipitation
 Very little vegetation
 Animals can survive with little amounts of
water.

18. Terrestrial ecosystems

19. Terrestrial ecosystems

20. Terrestrial ecosystems
 Savannahs: cover half the surface of Africa.
You can also find them in Australia, South
America and India. They have:
 High temperatures all year
 There is a dry season (almost no rain) and a
wet season (lots of rain)
 Land is covered mostly in grass, few trees and
shrubs
 Wide variety of animals

21. Terrestrial ecosystems

22. Terrestrial ecosystems
 Rainforests and jungles: Amazon and Congo
are the largest in the world. They have:
 High temperatures
 Rains all year long
 Abundant vegetation

23. Terrestrial ecosystems

24. Aquatic ecosystems
 There are two type of aquatic ecosystems:
 Marine: the oceans and the seas
 Freshwater: lakes, ponds, rivers and streams

25. Aquatic ecosystems
 Marine ecosystems: in it we can find
producers, consumers and decomposers.
 Producers: phytoplankton (algae). They
perform photosynthesis.
 Consumers: fish, marine mammals, starfish,
coral and zooplankton.
 Decomposers: fungi, bacteria and other
microorganisms.

26. Aquatic ecosystems
 φύτον (phy to n, "planta") y πλαγκτος
("plánktos", "vagabundo" o "el que va dando
tumbos")
 ‘Zoo’ (animal) y πλαγκτός [p la g któ s ], ‘errantes’

27. Aquatic ecosystems