Glaucoma is an eye disease that damages the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss and blindness if not treated early. It is usually caused by abnormally high pressure inside the eye, which over time can erode the optic nerve tissue. While some types cause pain and other symptoms, primary open-angle glaucoma typically has no signs or symptoms until vision is impaired, making regular eye exams important. Risk factors include increasing age, family history, eye injuries or conditions, and certain medical issues like diabetes. Treatment options include eye drop medications and surgeries to manage pressure and prevent further damage.

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Prepared By-Prepared By-
Krishna KumarKrishna Kumar
B . Pharm , IV - SemB . Pharm , IV - Sem
Submitted To-Submitted To-
Mr. Manoj YadavMr. Manoj Yadav

2.  Glaucoma is an eye disease that can damage your optic
nerve.
 The optic nerve supplies visual information to your brain from
your eyes.
 Glaucoma is usually, but not always, the result of abnormally
high pressure inside your eye.
 Over time, the increased pressure can erode your optic nerve
tissue, which may lead to vision loss or even blindness.
 it’s caught early, you may be able to prevent additional vision
loss.

3. What Are the Symptoms of Glaucoma?
The most common type of glaucoma is primary open-angle
glaucoma.
It has no signs or symptoms except gradual vision loss.
For that reason, it’s important that you go to yearly
comprehensive eye exams so your ophthalmologist, or eye
specialist, can monitor any changes in your vision.
Acute-angle closure glaucoma, which is also known as
narrow-angle glaucoma, is a medical emergency.

4. Other Symptoms…
 severe eye pain
 nausea
 vomiting
 redness in your eye
 sudden vision disturbances
 seeing colored rings around lights
 sudden blurred vision

5. What Causes Glaucoma?
 dilating eye drops
 blocked or restricted drainage in your eye
 medications, such as corticosteroids
 poor or reduced blood flow to your optic nerve
 high or elevated blood pressure

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How do we diagnose it?
 IOP is not helpful diagnostically until it reaches
approximately 40 mm Hg at which level the
likelihood of damage is significant.
 Visual fields are also not helpful in the early stages
of diagnosis because a considerable number of neurons
must be lost before VF changes can be
detected.
 Optic nerve damage in the early stages is difficult
or impossible to recognize.
 50% of people with glaucoma do not know it!

7. Who Is at Risk of Glaucoma?
According to the
World Health Organization(WHO),
glaucoma is the second leading cause of
blindness around the world. The risk
factors for glaucoma include:
 Age
People over 60 are at increased risk of glaucoma, warns the NEI,
and the risk of glaucoma increases slightly with each year of age.
If you’re African-American, your increase in risk begins at age 40.

8. Continued…
 Eye Problems
Chronic eye inflammation and thin corneas can lead to increased pressure in
your eyes. Physical injury or trauma to your eye, such as being hit in your eye,
can also cause your eye pressure to increase.
 Family History
Some types of glaucoma may run in families. If your parent or grandparent had
open-angle glaucoma, you’re at an increased risk of developing the condition.
 Medical History
People with diabetes and those with high blood pressure and heart disease
have an increased risk of developing glaucoma.

9. NormalNormal
GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA
GlaucomaGlaucoma

10. Can Glaucoma Be Prevented?
i. Glaucoma can’t be prevented, but it’s still
important to catch it early so you can begin
treatment that will help prevent it from getting
worse.
ii. The best way to catch any type of glaucoma early
is to have an annual preventive eye care
appointment.
iii. Make an appointment with an ophthalmologist.
Simple tests performed during these routine eye
checks may be able to detect damage from
glaucoma before it advances and begins causing
vision loss.

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Types of glaucoma
I. Primary:
A. Congenital
B. Hereditary
C. Adult (common types)
1. Narrow angle
2. Open angle
(Normal tension glaucoma)
II. Secondary
A. Inflammatory
B. Traumatic
C. Phacolytic etc.

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TreatmentTreatment
MedicalMedical SurgicalSurgical
 MioticsMiotics
 Beta-blockersBeta-blockers
 Carbonic anhydraseCarbonic anhydrase
inhibitorsinhibitors
 ProstaglandinProstaglandin
analoguesanalogues
 Alpha-2 agonistsAlpha-2 agonists
 Argon laser trabeculoplastyArgon laser trabeculoplasty
 Filtering procedureFiltering procedure
 CyclocryotherapyCyclocryotherapy
 Cyclolaser ablationCyclolaser ablation

13. THANK YOU ALL FOR LISTENING!THANK YOU ALL FOR LISTENING!