A chalazion is a painless lump resulting from the blockage of an oil gland in the eyelid, often caused by inflammation and thickening of the gland's secretion. Common in adults aged 30-50, symptoms include swelling, tearing, and potential blurred vision, with various treatment options from warm compresses to surgical intervention. Understanding preventive measures, such as daily cleansing and protecting the eyes, is crucial to reduce recurrence.

1. CHALAZION
MARIA SAEED

2. • A chalazion is a slowly developing lump that forms due to blockage and
swelling of an oil gland in the eyelid.
• A chalazion is generally not an infection. It often starts out as a very small
red, tender, swollen area of the eyelid.
• In a few days, it may change to a painless slow-growing lump the size of a
pea.

3. Characteristics of a chalazion:
• Painless bump.
• Caused by a thickening of the fluid in the oil glands (meibomian glands) of the
eyelid.
• Tearing and mild irritation.
• Blurred vision.
• More common in adults than children; most frequently occurs in people aged 30-50.

4. Risk factors
• Acne rosacea
• Chronic blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids, often from excess bacteria)
• Seborrhea
• Tuberculosis
• Viral infection
• Rarely, they may be an indication of an infection or skin cancer

5. Marginal chalazion
• Nodules, but infected chalazia may result in preseptal cellulitis.
• Marginal chalazia are those located at the eyelid margin and usually result from
superior extension (of a lower lid chalazion) beyond the lid margin
• or inferior extension (of an upper lid chalazion) beyond the lid margin.

6. • It is also reddish nodule like chalazion.
• The clinical features, fate, and treatment is
similar to chalazion.

7. Pathophysiology

8. General Pathology
• Microscopic study shows chronic granulomatous inflammation
compromised of multinucleated giant cells and epithelioid cells surrounding a
lipid globule.
• Neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells may are often present.

10. Pathophysiology
• Meiboiman glands are a sebaceous glands found in eyelids. They secrete Oily
components of tears.
• Chalazia are inflammatory lesions that form due to stasis of gland secretion
with resultant inspissation of gland orifice and incite a granulomatous
inflammatory response.
• Conjunctival granuloma.
• Meibomian glands are embedded in the tarsal plate of the eyelids; therefore,
edema due blockage of these glands is ordinarily contained to the conjunctival
portion of the lid.

11. Cont..
• A chalazion may enlarge and break through the tarsal plate to the external
portion of the lid.
• Chalazia due to blockage of Zeis glands are usually located along the lid
margin. The Zeis gland inflammation is termed as External Chalazion.
• The Meiboiman gland inflammation is termed as Internal Chalazion.

13. Cont..
• Chalazia differ from hordeola in that they form as a result of gland
obstruction and sterile inflammation rather than infection.
• A chalazion is characterized by a mass of granulation tissue and chronic
inflammation (with lymphocytes and lipid-laden macrophages), an internal
or external hordeolum is primarily represent acute focal infectious process
with necrotic debris i.e: abscess.

15. Fate(Course) of Chalazion
• Once chalzaion is developed then it may follow one of the following course:
• Spontaneous complete resolution may occur.
• Liquify to form a thin fibrous sac containing a gliary fluid called Meibomian cyst.
• Get fibrosed into hard nodule.
• Calcify and form a very hard nodule.
• Get infected and suppurate.
• Burst through the conjunctiva and present as fleshy mass.

16. Clinical features

17. CLINICAL FEATURES
• It is painless gradually increasing swelling in the eye lid without external signs
• Palpitation indicates small nodule in the substance of the eyelid
• Eversion of the eye lid shows that the conjunctiva is red or purple over the
nodule
• There may be fleshy mass if the lesion has ruptured through the conjunctiva
• Blurred vision may occur due to astigmatism caused by large chalazion of upper
eyelid pressing the cornea

18. Diagnosis

19. Diagnosis
• A chalazion is best diagnosed by eye doctor who can advise you on treatment
options. Necessary testing might include:
Patient history to determine symptoms and the presence of any general health
problems that may be contributing to the eye problem.
External examination of the eye, including lid structure, skin texture and
eyelash appearance.
Evaluation of the lid margins, base of the eyelashes and oil gland openings
using bright light and magnification

20. Differential Diagnosis
• Sebaceous gland adenoma
• Sebaceous gland carcinoma
• Sarcoid granuloma
• Dermal tuberclosis
• Fungal infection
• Foreign body granuloma.

21. TREATMENT

22. Home Treatment
• A chalazion usually requires very little medical treatment and tends to clear up on
its own within a few weeks.
• There are several safe ways to promote drainage and speed up the healing process.
These include:
Warm Compresses.
Gentle Massage.
Over-the-Counter.

23. Warm compresses
• Applying a warm compress to the affected eye can help soften any hardened oil
blocking the gland ducts.
To make and use a warm compress:
Soak a soft, clean cloth or cotton pad in a bowl of warm water.
Wring out any excess liquid.
Apply the damp cloth or pad to the eyelid for 10–15 minutes.
Continue wetting the compress often to keep it warm.
Repeat this several times a day until the swelling goes down.

25. Gentle massage
• Gently massaging the eyelids for several minutes each day can help the oil ducts
drain more effectively.
• Before doing so, ensure that the hands are clean to reduce the risk of infection.
• Once the chalazion begins to drain, keep the area clean and avoid touching it
with bare hands.

26. Over-the-counter treatments
• A number of over-the-counter products can help treat a chalazion or stye. These
may reduce irritation, prevent infection, and speed up the healing process.
• Some of these products include:
 Ointments
 Solutions
Medicated eye pads.

27. Surgery
• It is the most common method of treatment.
• The lesion is incised and contents are curetted from conjunctival side by
vertical incision

28. Complications

29. Complications
Potential complications of chalazia include:
• lash loss
• lid notching
• other cosmetic deformity
• adjunctive infections
• leads to the development of hordeolum
• preseptal cellulitis

31. Cont..
• Improperly drained marginal chalazia can result in trichiasis and loss of
lashes.
• Partially drained chalazia can result in large masses of granulation tissue
prolapsing through the conjunctiva or skin.

32. Cont..
• Visual disturbances can occur with
large chalazia that causes pressure on
Cornea and astigmatism may arise
when the lid mass distorts the corneal
contour.

33. Cont..
• A large chalazion can cause Astigmatism due to pressure on the cornea.

34. Prevention

35. Prevention:
Cleansing the eye area every day can help prevent a chalazion from
developing or recurring.
Using premoistened cleansing wipes to keep the oil glands from becoming
blocked.
Avoid rubbing the eyes.
Protecting the eyes from dust and air pollution. e.g: by wearing sunglasses
when outdoors.
Replacing eye makeup every 6 months to prevent bacterial growth.