1. The document describes a kinetic study of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by the Ce(IV)–vanillin redox system.
2. The effects of various reactants like Ce(IV), vanillin, H+, and reaction conditions like temperature, ionic strength, and micellar phase on the rate of polymerization and Ce(IV) consumption were examined.
3. The results show that the rate of polymerization increases with increasing concentrations of Ce(IV) and vanillin, and is dependent on [H+], while being independent of changes in [H+]. The activation and thermodynamic parameters were calculated from Arrhenius and Eyring plots.
Absorption of CO2 gas from CO
2/Air mixture into aqueous sodium hydroxide solution has been
achieved using packed column in pilot scale at constant temperature (T) of 25±1℃.The aim of the present work
was to improve the Absorption rate of this process, to find the optimal operation conditions, and to contribute to
the using of this process in the chemical industry. Absorption rate (RA) was measured by using different
operating parameters: gas mixture flow rate (G) of 360 -540 m3/h, carbon dioxide inlet concentration (CCO
2) of
0.1-0.5 vol. %, NaOH solution concentration (CNaOH) of 1-2 M, and liquid holdup in the column (VL) of 0.022-0.028 m3 according to experimental design. The measured RA was in the range of RA = 3.235 – 22.340 k-mol/h.
Computer program (Statgraphics/Experimental Design) was used to estimate the fitted linear model of RA in
terms of (G, CCO2, CNaOH, and VL), and the economic aspects of the process. R -squared of RA model was
91.7659 percent, while the standard error of the estimate shows the standard deviation of the residuals to be
1.7619. The linear model of RA was adequate, the operating parameters were significant except the liquid holdup
was not significant, and the interactions were negligible.
Oxidation of 7-Methyl Sulfanyl-5-Oxo-5H-Benzothiazolo-[3, 2-A]-Pyrimidine-6-...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Mannich Synthesis Under Ionic Liquid [Et3NH][HSO4] CatalysisIOSRJAC
Ionic liquid [Et3NH][HSO4] was found to be a particularly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of β- amino carbonyl pyrimidines through the Mannich condensation reaction of substituted pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones, cyclohexanone and 4-fluro/chlorobenzaldehyde under ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature. The present methodology offers several advantages such as excellent yields, simple procedure and mild conditions.
Study of the Electric Properties of Azo/Hydrazone Tautomeric Mixture of the ...Scientific Review SR
An azo/hydrazone mixture of the phenolic azo dye 4-(9-Anthrylazo)-1-naphthol was obtained in 58%
yield. The product was characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR and ms. The electric
conductivity of the tautomeric mixture was investigated in solid phase at ambient temperature. The electric
measurements revealed that the azo derivative has an electric conductivity equals 0.657 10
7
1
cm
1
and
electric resistivity of 1.521545 10
7
cm which falls within the range of the semiconductors’ electric resistivity that ranges between 10
2 and 109cm.
The document discusses how the amount of catalyst affects the rate of reaction. It describes two experiments:
1) Using 0.2g of manganese (IV) oxide powder as the catalyst.
2) Using 0.8g of manganese (IV) oxide powder as the catalyst.
The results show that with more catalyst (0.8g), the rate of reaction is faster as shown by the higher volume of oxygen gas liberated over time. Increasing the amount of catalyst increases the rate of reaction.
The Expander Gas and Ammonia Ratio Influence on the Calcium Cyanamide YieldYogeshIJTSRD
For the first time, thermodynamic calculations based on relatively new physicochemical constants clarified the onset temperature of thermal ammonia decomposition, as well as the side chemical reactions probability between ammonia and carbon dioxide. The influence of the main technological parameters on the calcium cyanamide synthesis is investigated. The exhaust gases composition from the reactor for the calcium cyanamide synthesis was studied depending on the temperature. Kinetic studies of the calcium cyanamide synthesis determined the chemical reaction orders with respect to ammonia and carbon dioxide, and it was proved that the limiting stage of calcium cyanamide synthesis is the initial gas components diffusion through the product layer. O. Kh. Panzhiev | A. Kh. Panzhiev | N. Umarov | O. Azimov "The Expander Gas and Ammonia Ratio Influence on the Calcium Cyanamide Yield" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life , March 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38440.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/38440/the-expander-gas-and-ammonia-ratio-influence-on-the-calcium-cyanamide-yield/o-kh-panzhiev
This document provides an introduction to carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies. It discusses the problem of rising CO2 emissions and defines CCS. It then describes various carbon capture technologies including post-combustion, pre-combustion, oxyfuel combustion, and chemical looping combustion. Finally, it outlines carbon sequestration/storage technologies such as ocean, geological, terrestrial, and mineral carbonation sequestration. The key technologies and concepts are introduced at a high level.
Absorption of CO2 gas from CO
2/Air mixture into aqueous sodium hydroxide solution has been
achieved using packed column in pilot scale at constant temperature (T) of 25±1℃.The aim of the present work
was to improve the Absorption rate of this process, to find the optimal operation conditions, and to contribute to
the using of this process in the chemical industry. Absorption rate (RA) was measured by using different
operating parameters: gas mixture flow rate (G) of 360 -540 m3/h, carbon dioxide inlet concentration (CCO
2) of
0.1-0.5 vol. %, NaOH solution concentration (CNaOH) of 1-2 M, and liquid holdup in the column (VL) of 0.022-0.028 m3 according to experimental design. The measured RA was in the range of RA = 3.235 – 22.340 k-mol/h.
Computer program (Statgraphics/Experimental Design) was used to estimate the fitted linear model of RA in
terms of (G, CCO2, CNaOH, and VL), and the economic aspects of the process. R -squared of RA model was
91.7659 percent, while the standard error of the estimate shows the standard deviation of the residuals to be
1.7619. The linear model of RA was adequate, the operating parameters were significant except the liquid holdup
was not significant, and the interactions were negligible.
Oxidation of 7-Methyl Sulfanyl-5-Oxo-5H-Benzothiazolo-[3, 2-A]-Pyrimidine-6-...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Mannich Synthesis Under Ionic Liquid [Et3NH][HSO4] CatalysisIOSRJAC
Ionic liquid [Et3NH][HSO4] was found to be a particularly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of β- amino carbonyl pyrimidines through the Mannich condensation reaction of substituted pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones, cyclohexanone and 4-fluro/chlorobenzaldehyde under ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature. The present methodology offers several advantages such as excellent yields, simple procedure and mild conditions.
Study of the Electric Properties of Azo/Hydrazone Tautomeric Mixture of the ...Scientific Review SR
An azo/hydrazone mixture of the phenolic azo dye 4-(9-Anthrylazo)-1-naphthol was obtained in 58%
yield. The product was characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR and ms. The electric
conductivity of the tautomeric mixture was investigated in solid phase at ambient temperature. The electric
measurements revealed that the azo derivative has an electric conductivity equals 0.657 10
7
1
cm
1
and
electric resistivity of 1.521545 10
7
cm which falls within the range of the semiconductors’ electric resistivity that ranges between 10
2 and 109cm.
The document discusses how the amount of catalyst affects the rate of reaction. It describes two experiments:
1) Using 0.2g of manganese (IV) oxide powder as the catalyst.
2) Using 0.8g of manganese (IV) oxide powder as the catalyst.
The results show that with more catalyst (0.8g), the rate of reaction is faster as shown by the higher volume of oxygen gas liberated over time. Increasing the amount of catalyst increases the rate of reaction.
The Expander Gas and Ammonia Ratio Influence on the Calcium Cyanamide YieldYogeshIJTSRD
For the first time, thermodynamic calculations based on relatively new physicochemical constants clarified the onset temperature of thermal ammonia decomposition, as well as the side chemical reactions probability between ammonia and carbon dioxide. The influence of the main technological parameters on the calcium cyanamide synthesis is investigated. The exhaust gases composition from the reactor for the calcium cyanamide synthesis was studied depending on the temperature. Kinetic studies of the calcium cyanamide synthesis determined the chemical reaction orders with respect to ammonia and carbon dioxide, and it was proved that the limiting stage of calcium cyanamide synthesis is the initial gas components diffusion through the product layer. O. Kh. Panzhiev | A. Kh. Panzhiev | N. Umarov | O. Azimov "The Expander Gas and Ammonia Ratio Influence on the Calcium Cyanamide Yield" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life , March 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38440.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/38440/the-expander-gas-and-ammonia-ratio-influence-on-the-calcium-cyanamide-yield/o-kh-panzhiev
This document provides an introduction to carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies. It discusses the problem of rising CO2 emissions and defines CCS. It then describes various carbon capture technologies including post-combustion, pre-combustion, oxyfuel combustion, and chemical looping combustion. Finally, it outlines carbon sequestration/storage technologies such as ocean, geological, terrestrial, and mineral carbonation sequestration. The key technologies and concepts are introduced at a high level.
Microchimica Acta Volume 69 issue 3-4 1978 [doi 10.1007_bf01201734] M. A. Sek...Sekheta Bros Company
This document describes kinetic methods for determining ultramicro quantities of manganese(II), molybdenum(VI), and tungsten(VI) based on their catalytic effect on the oxidation of Azorubin S by hydrogen peroxide. The methods were found to determine these elements in the concentration ranges of 5.5-33 ng/ml for manganese, 1.3-8.1 μg/ml for molybdenum, and 5.9-44.1 μg/ml for tungsten, with relative standard deviations less than 11%, 9%, and 5% respectively. The oxidation reactions were determined to be first order with respect to the catalyst and zero order with respect to Azor
Synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of...ijperSS
ABSTRACT
A series of novel (Z)-3-(2-(4-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) thiazol-2-yl-)hydrazono)indolin-2-one (8a-8d, 9) were synthesized with various substituted indole derivatives. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and API-ES Mass spectral data. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the complexes measurement against the human cancer T-lymphocyte cell lines. In vitro evaluation of these title complexes revealed cytotoxicity from 6.8-18µg/mL against CEM, 9.2-21µg/mL against L1210, 10-19µg/mL against Molt4/C8, 8-12µg/mL against HL60 and 8-16µg/mL against BEL7402. Coumarin derivatives 8c and 8d showed that quite significant anticancer activities. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by DPPH scavenging method. Compounds 8c, 8d and 9 showed significant antioxidant activity compared with that of standard drug, ascorbic acid.
Key words: Coumarin, DPPH, Cytotoxic activity.
The document describes the synthesis of novel α-acyloxycarboxamides containing dithiocarbamate groups via the Passerini condensation reaction. In the first step, a series of carboxylic acid-containing dithiocarbamates were synthesized through a one-pot three-component reaction. These dithiocarbamates were then used in the Passerini three-component reaction with aldehydes and isocyanides to yield the target α-acyloxycarboxamides containing dithiocarbamate groups. The reaction proceeded with good to excellent yields overnight at room temperature using methanol as solvent. A variety of aldehydes, isocyanides, and dithi
This document describes the development of an improved synthesis for a 2,3-disubstituted 4,7-diazaindole compound. Key improvements included using an iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction to prepare 2-propylpyrazine in over 60% yield, avoiding issues with the original ethylation process. Additionally, a modified Chichibabin cyclization was developed where methylation of the ketone occurred prior to cyclization, improving yields and purity. The optimized processes were successfully scaled to the pilot plant level to produce kilogram quantities of the target molecule.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Indirect Simultaneous Kinetic Determination of Semicarbazide and Hydrazine in...Fatemeh Sedaghatpour
This document describes a method using the H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) for the simultaneous determination of semicarbazide and hydrazine. The method is based on the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ by semicarbazide and hydrazine in the presence of neocuproine, followed by complex formation between Cu+ and neocuproine, producing a colored complex. The difference in the rates of reduction allows for the simultaneous analysis of both analytes. The method was able to determine semicarbazide in the range of 0.5-3.75 mg/ml and hydrazine in the range of 0.5-5 mg/ml in synthetic mixtures with different
Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of V(IV) in the presence of V(V) by ...Fatemeh Sedaghatpour
This document describes a kinetic spectrophotometric method using the H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) to simultaneously determine vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) or selectively determine vanadium(IV) in the presence of vanadium(V). The method utilizes the difference in rate of complex formation between vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) with xylenol orange under acidic conditions. Vanadium(IV) can be determined in the range of 0.2-5 μg/ml with accuracy and precision, even in the presence of excess vanadium(V) and other metal ions. The method was successfully applied to synthetic mixtures and real samples to simultaneously or selectively determine vanadium(IV
There are three sources of alkalinity in water samples: hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate alkalinity. The alkalinity method involves titrating a water sample from its original pH down to pH 8.3 to determine hydroxide and carbonate alkalinity. The sample is then titrated down to pH 4.5 to determine total alkalinity. Calculations are performed based on the volumes of acid added and normality to quantify each alkalinity type in units of mg/L as CaCO3. The source and amount of each alkalinity present depends on the initial pH and volume of acid needed to reach pH 8.3 versus the total volume to pH 4.
This document discusses potential improvements in methanol synthesis. It summarizes recent research on clarifying the chemistry of methanol synthesis, studying mass transfer limitations, and investigating catalyst deactivation and regeneration. Regarding the chemistry, experiments showed methanol synthesis proceeds primarily via CO2 hydrogenation. Mass transfer experiments in a slurry reactor characterized the effects of temperature, pressure, impeller speed and other variables on the overall gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient. Further improvements may come from developing catalyst regeneration processes and understanding all factors affecting catalyst life.
The document describes several experiments investigating factors that affect the rate of reaction of hydrogen peroxide decomposition. It finds that adding a catalyst (manganese IV oxide) increases the reaction rate. Increasing the amount of catalyst or concentration of hydrogen peroxide also increases the reaction rate. Different catalysts have different effectiveness, with manganese IV oxide found to be more effective than iron III oxide.
This document describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation of benzimidazolo/tetrazolo quinazoline compounds. Specifically, it details the reaction of anthranilic acid with primary amides to form quinazolinones, which were then treated with phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus pentachloride to form chloroquinazolines. These compounds then reacted with o-phenylenediamine or sodium azide to form the target benzimidazolo or tetrazolo quinazolines. The compounds were evaluated for their antihyperglycemic activity in sucrose-loaded rat models, with the benzimidazolo quinazolines showing better but still low activity
Alkalinity in water is measured by titrating a water sample with sulfuric acid and monitoring the pH. Alkalinity is caused by hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates and is expressed in units of mg/L of calcium carbonate. The amount of acid needed to reduce the pH to 8.3 measures phenolphthalein alkalinity, while the amount to reduce to 4.5 measures total alkalinity. Different combinations of hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates can be present depending on the initial pH. Alkalinity data provides information useful for water treatment processes like coagulation, softening, and corrosion control.
Inhibitory Effect of Some Carbazides on Corrosion of Aluminium in Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Solutions
The dissolution of aluminium in hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions in the presence of semicarbazide, thiosemicar- bazide and sym.dipheny1carbazide as corrosion inhibitors has been studied using thermometric, weight-loss and polarization methods. The three methods gave consistent results. The higher inhibition efficiency of these compounds in acidic than in alkaline madia may be due to the less negative potential of aluminium in hydrochloric acid solution, favouring adsorption of the additive.The adsorption of these compounds were found to obey Frurnkin adsorption isotherm. Cathodic polarization measurements showed that these com- pounds are cathodic inhibitors and their adsorption in the double layer does not change the mechanism of the hydrogen evolution reaction. The results are analysed in terms of both molecular and cationic adsorption.
This document provides instructions for determining the alkalinity of a water sample using a double-endpoint titration. Alkalinity is caused by carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide ions and refers to a water sample's ability to neutralize acids. A titration with sulfuric acid is conducted, with two endpoints detected using different pH indicators. The volumes of acid needed at each endpoint can identify which ions are present and be used to calculate the sample's total, phenolphthalein, carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide alkalinities in mg/L CaCO3. Tables are provided to match titration results to ion combinations and determine which acid volumes to use
This document summarizes the synthesis of new C-2, C-3 substituted heterocyclic derivatives of L-ascorbic acid and their characterization and evaluation of bacterial activity. Specifically, it describes the multi-step synthesis of Schiff bases and 1,3-oxazepine derivatives from L-ascorbic acid, including protection of hydroxyl groups, esterification, hydrazide formation, Schiff base formation with substituted benzaldehydes, and Diels-Alder reaction with phthalic anhydride to form 1,3-oxazepines. The synthesized compounds were characterized using melting point, FTIR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy and tested for antibacterial activity against gram-positive and
IA Design and interesting reseach questionsLawrence kok
This document describes several experiments investigating the kinetics and rates of various chemical reactions through measuring changes over time. It includes studying the effect of temperature on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and determining the activation energy using the iodine clock reaction. Other proposed experiments examine the rates of dissolution of seashells in carbonated water, dissolving of candies in water at different temperatures, and decolorization of dyes with changes in reactants.
The document analyzes the water quality of Mankato State University's tap water by measuring alkalinity, acidity, and hardness. Experiments found the water had high alkalinity (29.33 ppm of CaCO3), lower acidity (8 ppm of CaCO3), and was classified as hard (210 ppm of CaCO3). This indicates the water is well-buffered against acidification and has higher dissolved metal content. In conclusion, measuring these factors provides insight into the water's chemical properties and quality.
Microwave assisted synthesis and IR spectral analysis of a few complexes of 4...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study that synthesized chromium complexes of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin) using microwave-assisted oxidation with ditertiary butylchromate (TBC) in different solvents. The products were characterized using elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Key findings include: (1) Reaction conditions like solvent and substrate/oxidant ratio affected the products' characteristics. (2) FTIR analysis showed the presence of Cr-O, Cr=O bonds and indicated oxidation of the aldehyde group to a carboxylic acid. (3) The most efficiently synthesized product was obtained with a 1:1 substrate/oxidant ratio in 1
This document describes an experimental study on treating landfill leachate concentrate by coagulation. The document includes sections on materials and methods, results and discussion, and conclusion. For the materials and methods, it describes the experimental apparatus including a jar tester and centrifuge. It also describes the leachate sample from a landfill in Germany and the coagulants tested - ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, and ferrous sulfate. The experimental procedure involves jar testing to mix the coagulants into the leachate at different dosages and pH levels, followed by centrifugation and analysis of total organic carbon (TOC) removal.
The document describes three methods for estimating the composition of organic compounds:
1. Duma's method estimates nitrogen content by heating the compound with excess copper oxide, which oxidizes other elements to gases leaving free nitrogen gas.
2. Kjeldahl's method is a simpler method that involves heating the compound with sulfuric acid and catalysts to estimate nitrogen in fertilizers and foods.
3. The Carius method uses nitric acid and silver nitrate to estimate halogen elements by forming precipitates of silver halides that are measured.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A green synthesis of isatoic anhydrides from isatins with urea–hydrogen perox...fer18400
The document describes a green synthesis method for producing isatoic anhydrides from isatins using urea-hydrogen peroxide complex and ultrasound irradiation. Four reaction procedures were tested using urea-hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent and sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The procedures used either acetic anhydride/acetic acid or formic acid as solvents. Ultrasound irradiation was found to dramatically reduce reaction times from 2-24 hours down to 20-135 minutes. The method provides isatoic anhydrides in good yields and with high purity under mild conditions. Combining formic acid and ultrasound yielded the best results for most isatins tested.
Microchimica Acta Volume 69 issue 3-4 1978 [doi 10.1007_bf01201734] M. A. Sek...Sekheta Bros Company
This document describes kinetic methods for determining ultramicro quantities of manganese(II), molybdenum(VI), and tungsten(VI) based on their catalytic effect on the oxidation of Azorubin S by hydrogen peroxide. The methods were found to determine these elements in the concentration ranges of 5.5-33 ng/ml for manganese, 1.3-8.1 μg/ml for molybdenum, and 5.9-44.1 μg/ml for tungsten, with relative standard deviations less than 11%, 9%, and 5% respectively. The oxidation reactions were determined to be first order with respect to the catalyst and zero order with respect to Azor
Synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of...ijperSS
ABSTRACT
A series of novel (Z)-3-(2-(4-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) thiazol-2-yl-)hydrazono)indolin-2-one (8a-8d, 9) were synthesized with various substituted indole derivatives. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and API-ES Mass spectral data. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the complexes measurement against the human cancer T-lymphocyte cell lines. In vitro evaluation of these title complexes revealed cytotoxicity from 6.8-18µg/mL against CEM, 9.2-21µg/mL against L1210, 10-19µg/mL against Molt4/C8, 8-12µg/mL against HL60 and 8-16µg/mL against BEL7402. Coumarin derivatives 8c and 8d showed that quite significant anticancer activities. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by DPPH scavenging method. Compounds 8c, 8d and 9 showed significant antioxidant activity compared with that of standard drug, ascorbic acid.
Key words: Coumarin, DPPH, Cytotoxic activity.
The document describes the synthesis of novel α-acyloxycarboxamides containing dithiocarbamate groups via the Passerini condensation reaction. In the first step, a series of carboxylic acid-containing dithiocarbamates were synthesized through a one-pot three-component reaction. These dithiocarbamates were then used in the Passerini three-component reaction with aldehydes and isocyanides to yield the target α-acyloxycarboxamides containing dithiocarbamate groups. The reaction proceeded with good to excellent yields overnight at room temperature using methanol as solvent. A variety of aldehydes, isocyanides, and dithi
This document describes the development of an improved synthesis for a 2,3-disubstituted 4,7-diazaindole compound. Key improvements included using an iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction to prepare 2-propylpyrazine in over 60% yield, avoiding issues with the original ethylation process. Additionally, a modified Chichibabin cyclization was developed where methylation of the ketone occurred prior to cyclization, improving yields and purity. The optimized processes were successfully scaled to the pilot plant level to produce kilogram quantities of the target molecule.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Indirect Simultaneous Kinetic Determination of Semicarbazide and Hydrazine in...Fatemeh Sedaghatpour
This document describes a method using the H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) for the simultaneous determination of semicarbazide and hydrazine. The method is based on the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ by semicarbazide and hydrazine in the presence of neocuproine, followed by complex formation between Cu+ and neocuproine, producing a colored complex. The difference in the rates of reduction allows for the simultaneous analysis of both analytes. The method was able to determine semicarbazide in the range of 0.5-3.75 mg/ml and hydrazine in the range of 0.5-5 mg/ml in synthetic mixtures with different
Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of V(IV) in the presence of V(V) by ...Fatemeh Sedaghatpour
This document describes a kinetic spectrophotometric method using the H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) to simultaneously determine vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) or selectively determine vanadium(IV) in the presence of vanadium(V). The method utilizes the difference in rate of complex formation between vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) with xylenol orange under acidic conditions. Vanadium(IV) can be determined in the range of 0.2-5 μg/ml with accuracy and precision, even in the presence of excess vanadium(V) and other metal ions. The method was successfully applied to synthetic mixtures and real samples to simultaneously or selectively determine vanadium(IV
There are three sources of alkalinity in water samples: hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate alkalinity. The alkalinity method involves titrating a water sample from its original pH down to pH 8.3 to determine hydroxide and carbonate alkalinity. The sample is then titrated down to pH 4.5 to determine total alkalinity. Calculations are performed based on the volumes of acid added and normality to quantify each alkalinity type in units of mg/L as CaCO3. The source and amount of each alkalinity present depends on the initial pH and volume of acid needed to reach pH 8.3 versus the total volume to pH 4.
This document discusses potential improvements in methanol synthesis. It summarizes recent research on clarifying the chemistry of methanol synthesis, studying mass transfer limitations, and investigating catalyst deactivation and regeneration. Regarding the chemistry, experiments showed methanol synthesis proceeds primarily via CO2 hydrogenation. Mass transfer experiments in a slurry reactor characterized the effects of temperature, pressure, impeller speed and other variables on the overall gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient. Further improvements may come from developing catalyst regeneration processes and understanding all factors affecting catalyst life.
The document describes several experiments investigating factors that affect the rate of reaction of hydrogen peroxide decomposition. It finds that adding a catalyst (manganese IV oxide) increases the reaction rate. Increasing the amount of catalyst or concentration of hydrogen peroxide also increases the reaction rate. Different catalysts have different effectiveness, with manganese IV oxide found to be more effective than iron III oxide.
This document describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation of benzimidazolo/tetrazolo quinazoline compounds. Specifically, it details the reaction of anthranilic acid with primary amides to form quinazolinones, which were then treated with phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus pentachloride to form chloroquinazolines. These compounds then reacted with o-phenylenediamine or sodium azide to form the target benzimidazolo or tetrazolo quinazolines. The compounds were evaluated for their antihyperglycemic activity in sucrose-loaded rat models, with the benzimidazolo quinazolines showing better but still low activity
Alkalinity in water is measured by titrating a water sample with sulfuric acid and monitoring the pH. Alkalinity is caused by hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates and is expressed in units of mg/L of calcium carbonate. The amount of acid needed to reduce the pH to 8.3 measures phenolphthalein alkalinity, while the amount to reduce to 4.5 measures total alkalinity. Different combinations of hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates can be present depending on the initial pH. Alkalinity data provides information useful for water treatment processes like coagulation, softening, and corrosion control.
Inhibitory Effect of Some Carbazides on Corrosion of Aluminium in Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Solutions
The dissolution of aluminium in hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions in the presence of semicarbazide, thiosemicar- bazide and sym.dipheny1carbazide as corrosion inhibitors has been studied using thermometric, weight-loss and polarization methods. The three methods gave consistent results. The higher inhibition efficiency of these compounds in acidic than in alkaline madia may be due to the less negative potential of aluminium in hydrochloric acid solution, favouring adsorption of the additive.The adsorption of these compounds were found to obey Frurnkin adsorption isotherm. Cathodic polarization measurements showed that these com- pounds are cathodic inhibitors and their adsorption in the double layer does not change the mechanism of the hydrogen evolution reaction. The results are analysed in terms of both molecular and cationic adsorption.
This document provides instructions for determining the alkalinity of a water sample using a double-endpoint titration. Alkalinity is caused by carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide ions and refers to a water sample's ability to neutralize acids. A titration with sulfuric acid is conducted, with two endpoints detected using different pH indicators. The volumes of acid needed at each endpoint can identify which ions are present and be used to calculate the sample's total, phenolphthalein, carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide alkalinities in mg/L CaCO3. Tables are provided to match titration results to ion combinations and determine which acid volumes to use
This document summarizes the synthesis of new C-2, C-3 substituted heterocyclic derivatives of L-ascorbic acid and their characterization and evaluation of bacterial activity. Specifically, it describes the multi-step synthesis of Schiff bases and 1,3-oxazepine derivatives from L-ascorbic acid, including protection of hydroxyl groups, esterification, hydrazide formation, Schiff base formation with substituted benzaldehydes, and Diels-Alder reaction with phthalic anhydride to form 1,3-oxazepines. The synthesized compounds were characterized using melting point, FTIR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy and tested for antibacterial activity against gram-positive and
IA Design and interesting reseach questionsLawrence kok
This document describes several experiments investigating the kinetics and rates of various chemical reactions through measuring changes over time. It includes studying the effect of temperature on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and determining the activation energy using the iodine clock reaction. Other proposed experiments examine the rates of dissolution of seashells in carbonated water, dissolving of candies in water at different temperatures, and decolorization of dyes with changes in reactants.
The document analyzes the water quality of Mankato State University's tap water by measuring alkalinity, acidity, and hardness. Experiments found the water had high alkalinity (29.33 ppm of CaCO3), lower acidity (8 ppm of CaCO3), and was classified as hard (210 ppm of CaCO3). This indicates the water is well-buffered against acidification and has higher dissolved metal content. In conclusion, measuring these factors provides insight into the water's chemical properties and quality.
Microwave assisted synthesis and IR spectral analysis of a few complexes of 4...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study that synthesized chromium complexes of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin) using microwave-assisted oxidation with ditertiary butylchromate (TBC) in different solvents. The products were characterized using elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Key findings include: (1) Reaction conditions like solvent and substrate/oxidant ratio affected the products' characteristics. (2) FTIR analysis showed the presence of Cr-O, Cr=O bonds and indicated oxidation of the aldehyde group to a carboxylic acid. (3) The most efficiently synthesized product was obtained with a 1:1 substrate/oxidant ratio in 1
This document describes an experimental study on treating landfill leachate concentrate by coagulation. The document includes sections on materials and methods, results and discussion, and conclusion. For the materials and methods, it describes the experimental apparatus including a jar tester and centrifuge. It also describes the leachate sample from a landfill in Germany and the coagulants tested - ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, and ferrous sulfate. The experimental procedure involves jar testing to mix the coagulants into the leachate at different dosages and pH levels, followed by centrifugation and analysis of total organic carbon (TOC) removal.
The document describes three methods for estimating the composition of organic compounds:
1. Duma's method estimates nitrogen content by heating the compound with excess copper oxide, which oxidizes other elements to gases leaving free nitrogen gas.
2. Kjeldahl's method is a simpler method that involves heating the compound with sulfuric acid and catalysts to estimate nitrogen in fertilizers and foods.
3. The Carius method uses nitric acid and silver nitrate to estimate halogen elements by forming precipitates of silver halides that are measured.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A green synthesis of isatoic anhydrides from isatins with urea–hydrogen perox...fer18400
The document describes a green synthesis method for producing isatoic anhydrides from isatins using urea-hydrogen peroxide complex and ultrasound irradiation. Four reaction procedures were tested using urea-hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent and sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The procedures used either acetic anhydride/acetic acid or formic acid as solvents. Ultrasound irradiation was found to dramatically reduce reaction times from 2-24 hours down to 20-135 minutes. The method provides isatoic anhydrides in good yields and with high purity under mild conditions. Combining formic acid and ultrasound yielded the best results for most isatins tested.
This document describes a catalytic method for synthesizing 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles using various nitriles and sodium azide. Copper powder and copper sulfate are used to generate active copper(I) catalyst in situ via a comproportionation reaction. This copper(I) species catalyzes the [3+2] cycloaddition of the nitriles and sodium azide to form the tetrazoles in good yields. Reaction calorimetry studies showed the reaction is slightly exothermic and can be safely conducted at 123°C with efficient cooling. A range of structurally diverse nitriles reacted smoothly under these conditions, demonstrating the generality of this copper-catalyzed method for
IRJET- Kinetic Study of the Reaction of 5-Chlorosalicyaldehyde with M- To...IRJET Journal
This document reports on a kinetic study of the reaction between 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde and m-toluidine to form a Schiff base. The reaction was studied spectrophotometrically in ethanol solution at temperatures ranging from 303 to 318 K. The reaction was found to be first order with respect to both 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde and m-toluidine. The rate of reaction increased with increasing temperature. Thermodynamic parameters including activation energy, enthalpy, entropy and free energy were calculated from the temperature dependence of the reaction rate.
The document describes a new synthetic strategy for synthesizing a novel class of nitro olefin derivatives. Researchers successfully synthesized (2E,2'E,2''E)-3,3',3''-(4,4',4''-nitrilotris(benzene-4,1-diyl))tris(2-nitroprop-2-en-1-ol) (4) for the first time by reacting tris(4-((Z)-2-nitrovinyl)phenyl)amine (3) with paraformaldehyde using imidazole and anthranilic acid as a catalytic system. Compound 4 was characterized using various analytical techniques. Nitroolefins are
Study of the Influence of Nickel Content and Reaction Temperature on Glycerol...IJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: La2O3-SiO2-supported nickel catalysts were evaluated in glycerol steam reforming. The samples (30wt% La and 5, 10 and 15wt% of Ni on 70wt% commercial SiO2), prepared by the simultaneous impregnation method, were characterized by EDX, nitrogen physisorption, XRD, in-situ XRD, XANES and TPR. The analyses revealed NiO species weakly interact with the support and the different metallic surface areas of the catalysts. Catalytic tests were performed in a fixed bed reactor at 600oC and 15Ni catalyst, which showed the best performance, was also evaluated at 500oC and 700oC. According to the results, the Ni content on the catalyst surface interferes in the distribution of gaseous products H2, CO, CO2 and CH4. The increase in the Ni content increases the carbon formation during reaction. The reaction temperature affected the catalytic performance and the best results were obtained with the 15Ni catalyst at 600oC, which was also tested for 20 hours for the analysis of its stability.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Studies of Solvent Effect of Aquo-Methanol Solvent System on Kinetics and Act...IJEACS
The rate of alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl cinamate was
measured over the temperature range of 20o C to 40 o C in watermethanol
mixture at different composition 30 to 70% (v/v).The
specific rate constant was calculated using second order reaction.
The influence of solvent variation on reaction rate was examined
in term of changes in the Activation parameter. Depletion of H*
and S* value with simultaneous increase in G* of the reaction
in media, reveals that the reaction is Enthalpy domination and
Entropy controlled. The Values of Iso-kinetic which is less than
300, clearly indicates that there is no appreciable interaction
between solvent and solute present in the reaction media, i.e.
reaction is not ion-dipole but ion-molecule type.
A simple simulation model for oxidative coupling of methaneAlexander Decker
This document describes a study that developed a mathematical model to simulate the oxidative coupling of methane over a La0.6Sr0.4NiO3 perovskite catalyst. The catalyst was prepared using a reverse microemulsion method and characterized using various techniques. Rate equations were developed based on previous studies of similar catalysts. The model can predict that at temperatures of 925°C or higher, with a methane partial pressure of 0.3 and oxygen partial pressure of 0.1, the catalyst will reach around 10% methane conversion and 50% selectivity to C2+ hydrocarbons.
A simple simulation model for oxidative coupling of methaneAlexander Decker
This document describes a study that developed a mathematical model to simulate the oxidative coupling of methane over a La0.6Sr0.4NiO3 perovskite catalyst. The catalyst was prepared using a reverse microemulsion method and characterized using various techniques. Rate equations were developed based on previous studies of similar catalysts. The model can predict methane conversion and selectivity to C2+ hydrocarbons at temperatures of 925°C or higher with methane and oxygen partial pressures of 0.3 and 0.1, respectively, of around 10% conversion and 50% selectivity.
This experiment involves conducting a saponification reaction between sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ethyl acetate (Et(Ac)) in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) to determine the effect of residence time on conversion. A calibration curve will be prepared to relate conductivity measurements to conversion values for the 0.1M NaOH and 0.1M Et(Ac) reaction. The objectives are to determine conversion, the reaction rate constant, and the effect of residence time on conversion.
This document summarizes the development of a mild and efficient method for synthesizing symmetrical and unsymmetrical azo compounds from aromatic anilines using copper bromide (CuBr) and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMO) as an oxidizing system. Optimization experiments showed that CuBr with 1 equivalent of NMO in an acetonitrile/water solvent mixture gave the best yields. A variety of substituted anilines underwent homocoupling to produce symmetrical azo compounds in good to excellent yields. Unsymmetrical azo compounds were also synthesized via cross-coupling of different anilines in moderate to good yields. The reaction was shown to proceed via single electron transfer from Cu(I) to NMO
This document summarizes an investigation into the effects of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs), pH, and temperature on the reduction of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) to its less toxic form CrIII. Key findings include:
1) The optimal conditions for the reduction reaction were pH 4 and 45°C temperature.
2) Reaction kinetics followed pseudo-first order behavior, indicating a linear decrease in CrVI over time.
3) PdNPs catalyzed the reaction, decreasing the activation energy by 20±10 kJ/mol and increasing the rate constant over an order of magnitude.
4) Under optimal conditions, a 26% reduction of CrVI was achieved.
CONVERSION OF DIMETHYL-NITROBENZENE TO DIMETHY L ANILINE, EFFECT OF SOME PROC...Berklin
The catalytic transfer hydrogenation of dimethyl-nitrobenzene (DN) to Dimethyl-aniline (DA) was studied
in the temperature range 343–403 K
o
, pressure range of 4–10 bar H2 and ethanol as solvent using Pd/C
as catalyst above agitation speed 800 rpm. The substrate feed concentration was varied in the range from
0.124 to 0.745 kmol/m3
while catalyst loading was in the range 4–12% (w/w) of dimethyl-nitrobenzene.
Dimethyl-aniline was the only reaction product, generated through the hydrogenation of the Nitro group of
dimethyl-nitrobenzene. The effects of hydrogen partial pressure, catalyst loading, dimethyl-nitrobenzene
concentration and temperature on the reaction conversion have been reported. Near first-order
dependence on dimethyl-nitrobenzene concentration and hydrogen pressure were observed for the initial
rate of dimethyl-nitrobenzene hydrogenation over the 5% Pd/C catalyst. Furthermore, an increase in the
catalytic activity as the reaction temperature, pressure and weight of catalysts was observed. Conventional
Arrhenius behavior was exhibited by catalyst, Pd/C showed activation energies of 614 J/mol.
Following is my journal documentation during Master's in Biotechnology completed in 2015. I do understand many changes would've occurred in the curriculum since then, but the basics seldom change. Kindly absorb as per your need.
This document summarizes a study of electron transfer reactions of the eight-coordinate vanadium complex bis-(N-hydroxyiminodiacetate)vanadium(IV) [V(HIDA)2]2–, which is a synthetic analog of the natural compound amavadin found in mushrooms. The self-exchange rate constant of the [V(HIDA)2]2–/– redox couple was determined using both Marcus theory calculations from oxidation/reduction cross reactions, and direct measurement using 51V NMR line broadening techniques. The average self-exchange rate constant was found to be 1.5 × 105 M–1 s–1, similar to that of amavadin itself. This suggests that
Use of sodium tetraphenylborate reagent for conductometric titration of Amlod...AI Publications
Simple, accurate and reliable conductometric method for the quantitative determination of Amlodipine Besylate (AML) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations using sodium tetraphenylborate (TPB) in aqueous solution at 20°C has been described. The method is based on the formation of ion association complex of cation coming from the cited drug with tetraphenylborate anion and the conductance of the solution is measured as a function of the volume of titrant. Many experimental conditions were evaluated. The described procedure allowed the determination of AML in double distilled water in the range of 0.200-1.000mM. The accuracy of the method is indicated by the excellent recovery 98.60-101.40%, and the precision is supported by the low relative standard deviation < 4.74 %. The method was further applied successively to pharmaceutical formulations with no interference from the excipients, the results obtained were compared statistically with those obtained by the official method and showed no significant differences regarding accuracy and precision.
Bulk radical homo polymerisation studies on commercial arcylate monomers usin...John Clarkson
This document summarizes a study using near-infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy to monitor the bulk radical homo-polymerization of three commercial acrylate monomers: butylacrylate, hydroxylpropylmethacrylate, and laurylmethacrylate. The effects of reaction temperature, monomer additives, and oxygen presence on the polymerization rate were examined. For butylacrylate specifically, removing oxygen or the inhibitor hydroquinone monomethyl ether decreased the induction time but did not affect the propagation stage after gelation. Hydroxylpropylmethacrylate could not be reliably monitored due to insoluble particulate formation. Laurylmethacrylate results depended on temperature similarly to butylacrylate.
1) The document describes a study on the degradation of aniline, a toxic pollutant, using mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) with cerium(IV) as the mediator.
2) The researchers analyzed the degradation of various concentrations of aniline (600ppm, 1080ppm, 1200ppm) at different temperatures (70, 80, 90°C) by measuring CO2 evolution and cerium redox potential.
3) Results showed over 90% degradation of aniline was achieved at 90°C, and redox potential/cerium levels supported the proposed degradation mechanism involving a 28-electron transfer. Flow experiments further demonstrated MEO's effectiveness at higher aniline levels (2400pp
ENHANCING ENERGY RECOVERY FROM RAW GLYCEROL VIA ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED ANAEROBIC...indexPub
Anaerobic digestion of crude glycerol derived from biodiesel production is being studied as an alternative to valorization through methane production. The high organic load (1800 g COD L-1 ) of crude glycerol can cause kinetic stress, leading to inhibition of methanogenic microorganisms. To overcome this issue, an alternative approach is the use of ultrasound energy, which promotes cell wall and membrane disruption and releases intracellular material that enhances biodigestion.
Similar to Kinetic Study of Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Initiated by Ce(IV) – Vanillin Redox System in the Presence β-CD and Micellar Phase (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.