3rd time

1. PROMOTING REGIONAL SECURITY AND
DEVELOPMENT WITH INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
ASSISTANCE: A LEGAL-REGULATORY WORKSHOP
Day I
“Opportunities through UN Security Council
Resolution 1540”
September 20‐22
Nairobi, Kenya
Johan Bergenäs
Research Analyst
The Stimson Center
1111 19th St., NW 12th Floor
Washington, DC 20036
(202) 478‐3443
jbergenas@stimson.org
Managing
Across
Boundaries

2. Donor Government Priorities
• Counterterrorism
- 10 years after 9/11 global
counterterrorism capacity-building
remains top priority among donor
countries; resources committed to
this priority are vast
• WMD nonproliferation
- 2002 G8 Global partnership
established to provide $20 billion
toward the nonproliferation of
biological, chemical and nuclear
weapons (focus on FSU states)
- Extended for 10 years with global
reach, including implementation of
Resolution 1540, offer opportunity
for Kenya and East Africa region
Managing
Across
Boundaries

3. UN Security Council Resolution 1540
• Adopted unanimously in 2004 in
response to A.Q. Khan nuclear “black
market.”
• Legally binding call to:
- Enact legal and enforcement
mechanisms to prevent non-state actors
from manufacturing, acquiring,
transshipping WMD
- Develop, update and enhance physical
protection measures of WMD and
related materials, effective border and
strategic trade controls, judicial,
financial, law enforcement systems etc.
- Encourages states with the capacity to
provide assistance and in turn
encourages states in need of
implementation assistance to request
any resources (financial, technical,
human assistance) that will enable them
to meet the requirements of 1540
Managing
Across
Boundaries

4. Development/Security Priorities of
Kenya/East Africa
• Near unimpeded flow of small arms and light weapons into and within the
East Africa region fuels conflict, furthers and elevates impact of violence and
significantly hinders prospects for economic development, education, other
social programs
• Public health challenges including tuberculosis and outbreaks of plague and
rift valley disease have killed thousands in recent years, significantly
impacting regional economies
• Al-Shabaab has launched repeated cross border attacks into Kenya and
neighboring countries including Uganda, killing and wounding hundreds
• Somali refugees continue to flee across borders in astonishing numbers due
to civil violence threatening regional stability and greatly impacting
humanitarian efforts
• East Africa has become a new source and transit point for illicit drugs with
related violence and addiction rates rising
Managing
Across
Boundaries

5. What Type of Capacity is Needed?
Resolution 1540/broader Kenya/regional
• Legal development development/security
security imperatives
• Rule of law challenges
• Institutional capacity building
• Provision of equipment
• Develop legislative • Training
framework • Tertiary education
• Border controls • Personnel development
• Export/transshipment • Border controls
controls • Customs enforcement/revenue collection
• Financial controls • Global competitiveness/development
• Logistics
• Physical security of
• Infrastructure development
materials/equipment
• Disease surveillance and response
• Law enforcement
• Reform public finance
• Legal training • Prevent natural resource trafficking
• CBRN expertise • Improve reliability of transport system
training/equipment • Provide mobile health centers for rural areas
/notification • Training, logistics for public health providers
Managing
Across
Boundaries

6. 1540 “Dual-Benefit” Security Assistance
• Assistance provided to enhance border and export controls to prevent WMD
proliferation to non-state actors also inhibit regional terrorist activities
• Many of the resources required to limit dual-use nuclear products from being
trafficked throughout Kenya/East Africa are the same capacity-building
necessary to combat SALW and drug smuggling
• Assistance with strategic trade controls promote efficiencies at transit hubs
that in turn facilitate trade expansion, business development and national
competitiveness within the global supply chain
• Detecting and responding to biological weapons requires a functional disease
surveillance network and a public health infrastructure, and assistance
requisite for implementation of the Biological Weapons Convention similarly
supports national public health capacity and adherence to International
Health Regulations (IHR)
• Preventing human trafficking relies upon many of the same resources and
capacities necessary to detect and prevent movement of terrorists or nuclear
components and materials to states and terrorist organizations; and
Managing
Across
Boundaries

7. 1540 Dual-Benefit Security Assistance to Meet
Kenyan Priorities
Resolution 1540
Nonproliferation of Biological, Chemical and
Nuclear Weapons
Border, Export and
Customs Controls, Rule of
Law, Tertiary Education,
Disease Surveillance,
Countertrafficking, Public
Health Infrastructure,
Law Enforcement,
Security Sector Reform
Small Arms Proliferation, Economic and Rural Development,
Illicit Trafficking, Public Health, Disease Surveillance,
Education, Good Governance,
Security Terrorism, Human security
Rule of Law Development
Managing
Across
Boundaries

8. Recent 1540 Dual-Benefit Security
assistance success stories
• Caribbean region and Resolution 1540
Central America have
successfully requested
1540 dual-benefit WMD Nonproliferation
assistance to cover
broader security and
development capacity- Securing Borders,
Customs Enforcement,
building needs Military/Law Enforcement
Personnel Training, Tertiary
throughout the regions
Education
Counterdrug Efforts,
Economic
• 1540 regional
Preventing Small Arms
Development and
Trafficking, Addressing
Diversification
coordinators
Youth Gangs and Crime
Security Development
Managing
Across
Boundaries