2. What is Transnational Terrorism?
• Unlawful use of force or indiscriminate
violence by internationally-linked groups
against persons and properties in different
parts of the world
• To cause psychological, economic impact
3. Examples of Terrorism
• State/ non-state organizations
• IRA, Northern Ireland
• LTTE, Sri Lanka
• Aum Shirikyo, Japan
• Khalistan Movement, India
• Al-Qaeda
4. September 11 2001
• Collapse of the twin towers in New York
• Culprit – Al-Qaeda network
5. Al-Qaeda
• 1989, Osama bin Laden
• Arab volunteers fighting in Afghanistan in
1980s against Soviet communism
• Osama fell out with Saudi rulers – rejected
Osama’s offer to liberate the then occupied
Kuwait, instead approached US’s help
• Carried out anti-state activities in Saudi
Arabia, against Saudi govt, US and its allies
6. Al-Qaeda
• To create a global Islamic –Caliphate
• Rid influence of the west - US
7. Al-Qaeda’s network
• Multi-national membership, international
banking
• Shares expertise, transfer resources, discuss
strategies, spread of ideology
– Abu Sayyaf, Philippines
– JI, Singapore, Philippines, M’sia, Australia, Indonesia
– Lashkar-e-Toiba, Pakistan
– Islam Army of Aden, Yemen
– Armed Islamic Group, Algeria
– Al-Ittihad al-Islami, Somalia
– Jama’at al Tawhid wal Jihad, Iraq
8. Misuse of Islamic concepts
• Against the west and its allies
• Mufti of Singapore condemned the
justifications erroneously used by terrorists
9. Recent attacks
• Bombings in Jordan, Nov 2005
• Bombings in Bali, 2002
• Bombings in Bali, 2005
• Bombings in London, 2005
10. Impact of Terrorism
• Economic impact
– Loss of life
– Loss of properties
– Fear of flying - no travelling – close down airlines
– Govt stepped in
– Loss of income, fall in tourists
– Increase spending to deploy security and other
sensitive installations, hold exercises to prepare
civilians
11. Impact of Terrorism
• Social Impact
– Suspicions, tension
– Community Engagment Programme, 2006 to
maintain social cohesion and harmony, strengthen
inter-communal bonds
13. How to manage Terrorism
• ASEAN
– Cooperation through joint police and intelligence
measures
– ASEAN Regional Forum
– Convention on Counter- Terrorism
14. How was terrorism managed?
• International efforts
– UN passed resolutions to freeze assets, deny them
travel, stop weapons supply, sharing information
and criminal persecution
– Counter- Terrorism Committee (CTC)
– Technical assistance to countries
15. How was Terrorism managed?
• Environmental efforts
– Society’s stand and reject propaganda by terrorists