The Kashmir conflict is a long-standing territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region that has led to three wars since 1947. Kashmir was divided between India and Pakistan after independence, with China also occupying a small northern portion. India controls 48% of the region, Pakistan controls 35%, and China controls the remaining 17%. The people of Kashmir seek independence after suffering for 65 years due to the conflict between India and Pakistan. Both countries have tried but failed to resolve the issue through diplomacy and negotiations. The future of Kashmir remains uncertain as a peaceful resolution has evaded the region for decades.

1. Kashmir
A-65 year
controversy
ByPratyushJoshiByPratyushJoshi

2. • IntroductionIntroduction
• Reason of controversyReason of controversy
• Kashmir’s controlled areaKashmir’s controlled area
• Present movement by GovernmentPresent movement by Government
• What Kashmir’s people wants for their state?What Kashmir’s people wants for their state?
• Population of KashmirPopulation of Kashmir
• Kashmir :a land peace or war?Kashmir :a land peace or war?
• A Few Questions to Ponder overA Few Questions to Ponder over

3. What created the controversy betweenWhat created the controversy between
India and Pakistan over Kashmir?India and Pakistan over Kashmir?
• Despite the wishes of Mahatma Gandhi, twoDespite the wishes of Mahatma Gandhi, two
separate countries were created primarily forseparate countries were created primarily for
religious reasons: India and Pakistan.religious reasons: India and Pakistan.
• Two months after that countries were created, anTwo months after that countries were created, an
arrangement was made between the nationalarrangement was made between the national
government in India and the Maharaja of Kashmirgovernment in India and the Maharaja of Kashmir
which gave control to India.which gave control to India.
• Loc (line of control).Loc (line of control).
• War immediately erupted between India andWar immediately erupted between India and
Pakistan .Pakistan .

4. Division of KashmirDivision of Kashmir
• The state was divide in two parts during 1947 and then again a large partThe state was divide in two parts during 1947 and then again a large part
of the land was severed during 1965 Indo-China war.of the land was severed during 1965 Indo-China war.

5. Kashmir’s controlled areaKashmir’s controlled area
• In order of percentage, 48 per cent ofIn order of percentage, 48 per cent of
the territory is under Indian occupation,the territory is under Indian occupation,
35 per cent is under Pakistan and rest35 per cent is under Pakistan and rest
17 per cent is under control of China.17 per cent is under control of China.
• Total Area of Kashmir: 222236 squareTotal Area of Kashmir: 222236 square
kilometerskilometers
• India Controlled Kashmir: 106,567 sqIndia Controlled Kashmir: 106,567 sq
kmskms
• Pakistan Controlled Kashmir: 78,114Pakistan Controlled Kashmir: 78,114
(AK= 4000 sq. miles & NA = 28000 sq.(AK= 4000 sq. miles & NA = 28000 sq.
miles)miles)
• China Controlled Kashmir: 37,555China Controlled Kashmir: 37,555
Kashmir controlled area
China
17%
India
48%
pakistan
35%
China
India
pakistan

6. What have been recently done forWhat have been recently done for
Kashmir controversy?Kashmir controversy?
• In January 2004, Indian Prime Minister AtalIn January 2004, Indian Prime Minister Atal
Behari Vajpayee and Pakistani PresidentBehari Vajpayee and Pakistani President
Pervez Musharraf agreed on a process ofPervez Musharraf agreed on a process of
normalizing relations between the twonormalizing relations between the two
countries and resolving the Kashmircountries and resolving the Kashmir
problem.problem.
• Pakistan and India government have triedPakistan and India government have tried
their best for Kashmir problem but theretheir best for Kashmir problem but there
were fail because of unexpected terrorismwere fail because of unexpected terrorism
activities.activities.

7. What does people of KashmirWhat does people of Kashmir
wants for their state?wants for their state?
• People wants free KashmirPeople wants free Kashmir
because they have sufferedbecause they have suffered
a lot due to war betweena lot due to war between
india and Pakistan .india and Pakistan .
• The problem is not solved forThe problem is not solved for
last 65 years ,that’s whylast 65 years ,that’s why
people of Kashmir have lostpeople of Kashmir have lost
their faith from boththeir faith from both
governments.governments.

8. Population of KashmirPopulation of Kashmir
• Population of Kashmir does not having aPopulation of Kashmir does not having a
correct figure, but approximately it is 13correct figure, but approximately it is 13
millionmillion
• 10 million in Indian area and 3 million in10 million in Indian area and 3 million in
Pakistan area.Pakistan area.
• To show Kashmir on the maps hasTo show Kashmir on the maps has
always been a big headache for differentalways been a big headache for different
countries, agencies and companies.countries, agencies and companies.
• Due to act 370’s population of kashmir isDue to act 370’s population of kashmir is
contrled.contrled.

9. Kashmir :a land peace or war?Kashmir :a land peace or war?
• No oneNo one
understands theunderstands the
needs of Kashmir,needs of Kashmir,
countries likecountries like
Pakistan and IndiaPakistan and India
are just wastingare just wasting
their time andtheir time and
money in war.money in war.
• They never see the tears from a child whenThey never see the tears from a child when
his/her relatives gets vanished in terroristhis/her relatives gets vanished in terrorist
activities.activities.

10. A Few Questions to PonderA Few Questions to Ponder
overover
• Was Mr. Jawaharlal Nehru mainlyWas Mr. Jawaharlal Nehru mainly
responsible for the Kashmir issue?responsible for the Kashmir issue?
• Why India always takes soft stand?Why India always takes soft stand?
Shouldn’t we be offensive ratherShouldn’t we be offensive rather
than defensive?than defensive?
• Shouldn’t the Article 370 of India'sShouldn’t the Article 370 of India's
constitution be removed?constitution be removed?
• Isn’t Kashmir our Natinal Pride ? ShallIsn’t Kashmir our Natinal Pride ? Shall
we allow Pak to snetch it from us ? –we allow Pak to snetch it from us ? –
NEVERNEVER..

11. Is
it
main
reason
of
the
controversy…
.?

12. Conclusion…
.???

13. Thank you……….Thank you……….
Refrence by