The document contains a quote criticizing intelligence offices for making guesses and qualifying their assessments with words like "probably" and "possibly" since they have no definite information. It then provides biographical information about General Ayub Khan, who introduced Pakistan's 1962 constitution that established a presidential system but concentrated power in the presidency. The constitution faced criticisms for being authored by one man without checks and balances and for enabling dictatorship instead of true democracy.

1. "ALL INTELLIGENCE OFFICES OF ANY WORTH WILL COVER THEMSELVES BY SAYING
'PROBABLY,' 'POSSIBLY,' 'IF,' 'MAYBE,' 'PERHAPS,' ... THEY HAVE NO INFORMATION
AS SUCH. WHAT THEY'RE TRYING TO DO IS MAKE AN INTELLIGENT GUESS."
- AYUB KHAN
GENRAL AYUB KHAN &
It’s Constitution of 1962
Neeta Rajkumari
Ahsan Sheikh
Zahir Nabi
TO:
Sir Syed Yaseen Ali
PRESENTATORS:-

2. (Leaders are not made they are born as a leader).
AYUB KHAN
Assalam-o-
Alaikam
Jaani !!

3. Ayub Khan was born on May 14, 1907, in countryside
of Rehana, Haripur, in Hazara District.
His father was Risaldar Mayor of Hudson House.
According to Ayub Khan, It was his father who
imprinted his character, outlook & attitude towards life
by his influence.
He was sincere in studies, during his days of school, he
used to rode 4 miles on his mule to reach 04 mile
distant school.
He relished playing Kabaddi, Guli Danda, Marbles &
Hockey.
After matriculation - he was sent to Aligarh university.
Before completing his 04 years of B.A education - he
was selected for Royal Military College at Sandhurst.
Ayub Khan’s Juvenescence & his Adulthood life.

4. After training, he was commissioned in Indian
Army in 1928.
He fought at different fronts during World War
II, first as a Major & then as a Colonel. During
communal riots of 1947, he was assigned to
assist General Pete Rees in the Punjab
Boundary Force.
After partition, Ayub Khan joined Pakistan
Army. Later he was raised to 04 star General
and was appointed as first local C-in-C of
Pakistan Army.
Ayub Khan’s Juvenescence & his Adulthood life.

5. Oct 07,1958: Martial law was enforced by President
Iskander Mirza.
Gen Ayub Khan becomes Chief Martial Law Administrator.
Oct 27,1958: Iskander Mirza was ousted by bloody
machination against Ayub Khan, after Mirza tried to cut
off Ayub Khan’s authority by co-opting military officers.
1958

6. OCT 27,1959: Ayub Introduced “Basic Democrats (Bunyaadi
Jamooriyat)”.
It was a PYRAMIDAL PLAN so that locals can elect councilmen – to
whom they knew locally.
80000 Basic Democrats were elected.
Ayub Khan used those democrats for referendum held in Feb
14,1960 – where people were asked, ”If they had confidence in
President Field Marshal Ayub Khan - Hilal-e-Jurat.”
Around 95.6% of the votes were cast in Ayub Khan’s favor.
With the results of the referendum, Ayub Khan was elected not
only President of Pakistan for 05 years, but also received injunction
to provide Pakistan his own self-choiced Constitution.
0
.

7.  As a result of referendum, Ayub Khan became
PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN for next 05 years &
replaced MIITLARY GOVT: intoCIVILIAN
CONSTITUTION GOVT.
 Ayub Khan declared Constitution Of 1962 in
March 01.
 The capital infrastructure was moved to
newly planned state capital – ISLAMABAD.
After all capital work development was
relocated from Karachi.

8. 1965: Presidential Elections
• 04 CANDIDATES: Fatima Ali Jannah, Ayub Khan, 02 others without any
party affiliation.
• Ayub Khan won 68% votes in this electorate, thus ended up in becoming
2nd time president.
• The election didn’t withstood to harmonized INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
as per sayings of many journalists & some also accused of rigging.

9. 1965: Indo-Pak War
 Pakistan’s “Operation Gibraltar” was designed to infiltrate
forces into Jammu & Kashmir to participate against
insurgencies in Kashmiris.
 Indian requited by launching full-scale military attack on
West Pakistan and made Lahore offensive on 6th Sep at
3:00 Am and Sialkot (the BATTLE OF CHAWINDA in Sialkot
sector, the largest tank battle after World War II) too.
 The 17-Day War caused thousands of casualties on both
sides.
 Then TASHKENT DECLARATION was signed to resolve the
dispute between the Indo-pak.

10.  Ayub Khan was lambasted on higher degree for agreement
over TASHKENT DECLARATION. Multitudes of People believed
that he reciprocated triumph of war with a defeat at the
negotiating table. Even his right-hand – Zulfiquar Ali Bhutto
turned his back on him and formed his own party (PPP) and
initiated campaign to dethrone him from his presidency.
Sheikh Mujeeb-ur-Rehman - leader of Awami-League - also
started his controversial acts and kept saying that his policies
weren’t friendly towards rights of Bengal. Whilst other parties
formed alliance in order to remove Ayub Khan from its
powers.
Public hatred against the Ayub’s regime was reaching at
vaporization point. March 25, 1969, he relinquish from his
seat & handed over the power to Commander-in-Chief of
Pakistan Army, GEN MUHAMMAD YAHYA KHAN.
Ayub Khan’s DownFall

11. Ok!! Ayub Khan
left but what about
his promulgated
Constitution ???

12. Constitution is basically a system of fundamental rules
and regulations; prescribing nature, functions and limits
of government or another institution.
Constitution

13. 3) Holy Qur’an.
2) Prophet Mohammad
(PBUH)
The constitution of
Muslims states specially
PAKISTAN, laws are not
deep rooted from the
constitution but
constitution is deep rooted
according from below:
1) Almighty Allah
Constitution of Pakistan

14. 1962 CONSTITUTION SALIENT FEATURES
i. Written Constitution
ii. Rigid Constitution
iii. Name of Country
iv. National Languages
v. Islamic Provisions
vi. Uni-cameral Legislature
vii. President Form of Government
viii. Freedom of Judiciary
ix. Fundamentals Rights
x. Emergency Provisions
xi. Presidential Powers
xii. Restrictions against office of President
xiii. Federalism

15. Draw-backs of 1962 Constitution
 Constitution was given by one Man.
 Absence of Check and balance.
 Indirect Election.
 Lack of Provincial Autonomy
 Negation of Islamic Ideology.
 Presidential Dictatorship
 Policy of suppression of fundamental rights.

16. We can deduce now that this constitution didn’t
relished real democratic postulates rather it provided
pathway (umbrella) for perpetuation of military rule
and it worked. Even though It didn’t succeeded to win
hearts of myriad of people thus t’is constitution failed.
Conclusion