The 1971 Indo-Pak war was a significant conflict that resulted from the partition of India and subsequent tensions between East and West Pakistan, with the backdrop of political struggles and military operations. Key figures included Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Indira Gandhi, with India supporting the Bengali liberation movement and ultimately achieving a decisive victory, leading to the independence of Bangladesh. The war saw extensive casualties and territorial changes, with Indian forces capturing major regions in East Pakistan and a large number of Pakistani troops surrendering.

1. Indo Pak War 1971

2. Presentation on
INDO PAK WAR 1971
 Presented to:. Respected DR. ASHOK KUMAR
 Presented by: RAJAN THAKUR
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WAR -2

3. Indo pak war 1971

4. Background
 Partition of sub continent in 1947
 East west Pakistan
 1948 war
 1965 war
 Tashkant agreement

5. The root of discord
 Operation searchlight
 Liberation war
 Elections of 1970

6. Important personalities
 Sheikh mujeeb ur rehman
 Zulfiqar ali bhutto
 General yahya khan
 General tikka khan
 Mrs. Indira gandhi

7. Sheikh mujeeb ur rehman
 Charismatic personality.
 Formation of Awami league.
 Won election in east Pakistan.
 6 point formula.
 Mujeeb was arrested.

8. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
 Got majority seats in west
Pakistan
 He says:
 “whosoever goes to east
pakistan I will break his legs”

9. General Yahya Khan
 Become president of Pakistan
in 1969
 General Tikka khan
 Order to pacifying east
Pakistan
 Crackdown of 25 march 1971

10.  Several crackdown by Pak army
 Massive loss of civilian life
 8 million refugees to neighbouring India
 West Bengal worestly effected by refugees problems

11. Mrs Indra Gandhi
 Indian prime minister
 Support bengali
freedom fighters
specially mukti bahini
 She says:
 “We take revenge of 65”
 “Today we throw two
nation theory in Bay of
Bengal”

12.  “Today we ended the mughlia sultanat forever”
 PAF attack on suspected mukti bahini camps
 3 dec 1971
 Mrs Indra Gandhi broadcast to the nation

13. War is declared
 Strikes
 5:40 pm on 3 dec
1971
 PAF aircrafts struck 9
Indain airfields along
the western border
 2 front war

14. Modest aims, Ambitious Action
• KEY MEN IN LIGHTENING OPERATIONS IN 1971
• INDIAN ARMY CHIEF GENERAL SAM MANECKSHAW
• LT . GENERAL K . P . CANDETH
• LT . GENERAL J . S. AURORA
• MAJOR GENERAL J.F.R. JACOB

15.  Objective of India: occupy territories of Bangladesh in limited time
 Objective of Pakistan: Delay the Indian army advance

16.  Limited aim of General Maneckshaw : occupy only two areas of East
Pakistan, Chittagong and Khulna
 Capturing the whole of East Pakistan seemed impossible due to
geography and terrain of Pakistan
 Three major rivers - the Brahmaputra, the Ganga and the Meghna -
divided East Pakistan into four natural regions

17.  Lt. General Aurora's Chief of Staff, Major General Jacob
“ I think the aim of the government was
to take as much territory as possible in East Pakistan as to establish an
Bangladeshi government in their own territory.”
.
Dhaka was the geo-
political centre of East
Pakistan and seizing it was
most crucial.

18.  East Command went ahead with their own plans although Army
Headquarters felt it was impossible to achieve.
 Jacob`s commander, Lt. General Aurora provided full support for his
Army`s own plans and
allowed Jacob to pull
down troops kept in
reserve.

19. Thousands of troops and tones of equipments successfully crossed the
rivers.
Due to efforts and help from
- Army Corps of engineers
- Mukti Bahini
- IAF
- Local Help
 Within 6 days of the war, Indian
troops penetrated deep into Pakistan.

20. Using Blockade From Seas
 1971 war was the first
and only occasion when
the Indian political
leadership properly
used military power for
achieving a clear
national aim.

21. Aims of Indian Navy
 in short : complete naval blockade of both parts of Pakistan.
 The bigger aim : ensuring that conflict will not be perpetuated beyond the
time required to capture a chunk of East Pakistani territory.

22. INS Vikrant
 India`s sole aircraft carrier at the time.
 a carefully preserved World War II vintage carrier built in Britain.
 Vikrant would be used to blockade the ports in East
Pakistan, and destroy the riverine crafts used by the
Pakistanis there.

23. Vikrant in Action
 The day war was declared, the Vikrant, which had been anchored off the
northern-most tip of the Andaman & Nicobar chain of islands, moved
towards the principal East Pakistani port, Chittagong.
 Pakistani submarine PNS Ghazi was dispatched to the east. It failed to
cause any damage to Vikrant and was detected and sunk.

24. The attack on Karachi
 The most dramatic naval plan was drawn up by the Western Naval
Command.
 the main attack on Karachi harbor would be launched by tiny PT-15 missile
boats instead of regular warships.
 three missile boats were chosen for the mission and dispatched in the
dead of night from Bombay harbor.
 Leading the missile boat squadron was Commodore Babru Bahan Yadav

25. The Indian Navy accomplished the task assigned to it within the first
few days of the war.
 No enemy shipping could move in or out of its harbors.
 Merchant ships did not dare approach Karachi.
 Control of the seas around both wings of Pakistan was with the
Indian Navy.

26. Defending the west

27. Limited plans
 Aim was not the destruction of Pakistan
 Took as much as territory from the Pakistan
 Pakistani commanders, aware of this basic dynamic
 Concentrated all forces in the West
(starfighters, Chinese F-6, T-59 tanks, US built Patton tanks)

28. Battle of the Longewal
 4-7 December 1971
 First major engagement in west
 Fought in the deserts of Rajasthan
 India lost a vast expanse of desert
 On Pakistan side principal town is Rahimiyar khan
 ON Indian side principal town are Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner,
Jodhpur

29. Battle of Basantar
"No, Sir, I will not abandon my tank. My main gun is
still working and I will get these bastards."
• December 4–16, 1971

30. 14 DAYS WAR

31. Dec 3..
 5:30 pm..PAF attack on Amritsar, pathankot, Sirinagar, Ambala & Agra.
 National emergency declared.
 Indira Gandhi
 “Aggression must be met and people of India will met with fortitude,
determination and almost unity”

32. Dec 4
 Indian retaliates by bombing
Pak Air Bases(Massroor, Dacca,
Jessore)
 Indian attacks on Chitagong.
 Pakistan attacks on
Lonngawala.

33. Dec 5
 Indian navy target the port of Karachi.
 Pak-Champ & J&K.
 US resolution for ceasefire.

34. Dec 6..
 Indian troops advance in
Sailkot.
 Indian recognizing Bangladesh.
 IAF hits Attock Oil Refinery.

35. Dec 7..
 Indian liberate Jessore and Jhenida in East Pakistan from Pakistan control.

36. Dec 8..
 INS vinash fires for missiles
into Karachi
 Port city burn for several days

37. Dec 9
 Major setback to India.
 INS khukri is sunk by a
submarine killing more then
190 crew

38. Dec 10..
 Fighting again intensifies
in Chhamb
 Pakistan try to push
through Indian defences

39. Dec 11..
 Indian airforce drop 100 of
paratroops at Tangail
 Fierce battle in Shakargarh

40. Dec 12
 Lt.Genral AAk Niaza.
 12 dec first press confrence in
Dacca
“Dacca will fall only over my dead
body”

41. Dec 13
 Indian troops of 11infantary division occupy the major town of Parbat Ali
 Pakistan stems indian attack to occupy Shakargarh

42. Dec 14
 IAF targets on sui base plant in sind
 IAF attack with MiG-21s
 Gorvernor of East pakitan A H Malik resign

43. Dec 15
 Siege of Dacca continue
 Heavy fighting in J&K.
 Mukti bahni force accompany advancing Indian paratroops
 Ceasefire/surrender.

44. Dec 16
 Lt.Genral Naizi
 Lt.Genral Jagit Singh Aurora
 Sign instruments of surrender
 5:00 pm

45. Result
 Decisive Indian and Bangladeshi victory
 Eastern front:
Pakistani forces surrender.
 Western front:
Ceasefire after Pakistani surrender in the east

46. Territorial
changes
 Separation and liberation of East Pakistan as the independent state of
Bangladesh

47. Casualties and losses
 India
 3,843 killed
 9,851 wounded
 Indian Okha harbour
damaged/fueling facilities
destroyed
 Pakistan
 9,000 killed
 4,350 wounded
 97,368 captured
 Pakistani main port Karachi
facilities damaged/fuel tanks
destroyed