Hi, This is my presentation About the initial Problems that Pakistan had faced soon after it's creation. It contains a lot about Pakistan and as well as about it's Facts and Causes, Hopefully It'll will help you all. Jazak Allah (Thanks).
The document discusses the major difficulties faced by Pakistan after its partition from India in 1947. It outlines geographical disputes over boundaries that divided Muslim-majority and Hindu-majority areas unequally. Other issues included the unequal division of military and financial assets, the settlement of refugees, conflicts over Kashmir and water rights, establishing foreign relations and policy, and selecting a capital city amid a lack of resources and administration.
Pakistan faced numerous problems after its establishment in 1947. Key issues included:
1) Choosing a capital city, as Karachi was selected but there were no government offices established;
2) Unfair boundary distributions that left Muslim-majority areas in India;
3) Disputes over the division of military, financial, and other state assets between Pakistan and India.
Problems faced by pakistan after its creation MuhammadShams9
After its creation in 1947, Pakistan faced numerous challenges that threatened its stability and development. Key issues included: 1) Choosing a capital city and establishing a government; 2) Addressing the massacre and influx of Muslim refugees from India; and 3) Resolving disputes over military assets, water rights, and territorial borders that India contested. While Quaid-e-Azam provided strong early leadership, his untimely death in 1948 compounded the difficulties of governing the new nation.
Pakistan faced numerous problems after partition in 1947, including:
- Establishing a new government and administrative systems from scratch while millions of refugees flooded into the new country
- An unfair and controversial boundary award that gave Muslim-majority areas to India and laid the foundation for future disputes over Kashmir and water rights
- Difficulties over the division of military assets between Pakistan and India, which left Pakistan poorly equipped for defense
Pakistan faced many difficulties after its inception, including choosing a capital, unfair boundary distribution that gave Muslim majority areas to India, dealing with refugees from violence in India, disputes over division of military/financial assets and water resources, and the Kashmir dispute. Other problems included constitutional issues, and India's annexation of the princely states of Junagadh and Hyderabad against the rulers' wishes to join Pakistan. The founding leaders worked to address these challenges and establish a functioning government, but many issues, such as Kashmir, remained unresolved.
This document outlines the initial difficulties Pakistan faced after independence in 1947, including choosing a capital city and establishing a government, unfair boundary distributions that gave key areas to India, the massacre of Muslim refugees in India, disputes over the division of military and financial assets with India, canal water disputes, the Kashmir dispute, constitutional problems, electricity problems, and the death of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in 1948. Despite these unfavorable circumstances, Pakistan was established as an independent Muslim state through the efforts of Jinnah and his principles of unity, faith, and discipline.
Pakistan faced numerous problems after its establishment in 1947 including choosing a capital, establishing a government, administrative issues, disputes over princely states, unfair boundary demarcation, unequal distribution of military and financial assets, rehabilitation of refugees, water disputes with India, constitutional and economic challenges, and disagreements over a national language. Many of these issues, like the disputes over states and assets, were deliberately created by India to undermine Pakistan and pressure it to rejoin India. The new nation struggled to address these problems in its early years of independence.
The document discusses the major difficulties faced by Pakistan after its partition from India in 1947. It outlines geographical disputes over boundaries that divided Muslim-majority and Hindu-majority areas unequally. Other issues included the unequal division of military and financial assets, the settlement of refugees, conflicts over Kashmir and water rights, establishing foreign relations and policy, and selecting a capital city amid a lack of resources and administration.
Pakistan faced numerous problems after its establishment in 1947. Key issues included:
1) Choosing a capital city, as Karachi was selected but there were no government offices established;
2) Unfair boundary distributions that left Muslim-majority areas in India;
3) Disputes over the division of military, financial, and other state assets between Pakistan and India.
Problems faced by pakistan after its creation MuhammadShams9
After its creation in 1947, Pakistan faced numerous challenges that threatened its stability and development. Key issues included: 1) Choosing a capital city and establishing a government; 2) Addressing the massacre and influx of Muslim refugees from India; and 3) Resolving disputes over military assets, water rights, and territorial borders that India contested. While Quaid-e-Azam provided strong early leadership, his untimely death in 1948 compounded the difficulties of governing the new nation.
Pakistan faced numerous problems after partition in 1947, including:
- Establishing a new government and administrative systems from scratch while millions of refugees flooded into the new country
- An unfair and controversial boundary award that gave Muslim-majority areas to India and laid the foundation for future disputes over Kashmir and water rights
- Difficulties over the division of military assets between Pakistan and India, which left Pakistan poorly equipped for defense
Pakistan faced many difficulties after its inception, including choosing a capital, unfair boundary distribution that gave Muslim majority areas to India, dealing with refugees from violence in India, disputes over division of military/financial assets and water resources, and the Kashmir dispute. Other problems included constitutional issues, and India's annexation of the princely states of Junagadh and Hyderabad against the rulers' wishes to join Pakistan. The founding leaders worked to address these challenges and establish a functioning government, but many issues, such as Kashmir, remained unresolved.
This document outlines the initial difficulties Pakistan faced after independence in 1947, including choosing a capital city and establishing a government, unfair boundary distributions that gave key areas to India, the massacre of Muslim refugees in India, disputes over the division of military and financial assets with India, canal water disputes, the Kashmir dispute, constitutional problems, electricity problems, and the death of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in 1948. Despite these unfavorable circumstances, Pakistan was established as an independent Muslim state through the efforts of Jinnah and his principles of unity, faith, and discipline.
Pakistan faced numerous problems after its establishment in 1947 including choosing a capital, establishing a government, administrative issues, disputes over princely states, unfair boundary demarcation, unequal distribution of military and financial assets, rehabilitation of refugees, water disputes with India, constitutional and economic challenges, and disagreements over a national language. Many of these issues, like the disputes over states and assets, were deliberately created by India to undermine Pakistan and pressure it to rejoin India. The new nation struggled to address these problems in its early years of independence.
Formation of interim government and 3rd june plansaifkhankakar
1) The document discusses the Cabinet Mission Plan and the negotiations between the Muslim League and Congress Party over forming an interim government for India.
2) It outlines the different formulas proposed for allocating seats in the interim government and how the parties rejected various proposals.
3) Lord Mountbatten was appointed the new Viceroy and tasked with transferring power; he announced the final partition plan on June 3rd, 1947 which established two independent states of India and Pakistan.
This document provides a history of Pakistan's political leadership and constitutional developments from 1947 to 2008. It summarizes the country's prime ministers, presidents, martial laws, and constitutions. Key events include the Objectives Resolution of 1949, the constitutions of 1956, 1962, and 1973, and amendments made over time. Election processes for the National Assembly and Senate are also outlined.
1) Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah were influential figures in the development and promotion of the Two Nation Theory, which argued that Hindus and Muslims in India constituted two separate nations.
2) Iqbal first clearly discussed the Two Nation Theory in 1930, stating that Islam was a complete code of life for Muslims and they should have their own state.
3) Jinnah initially believed in Hindu-Muslim unity but changed his view after the 1928 Nehru Report, and later openly advocated for the Two Nation Theory and the creation of Pakistan at the 1940 Muslim League session.
Pakistan claims Jammu and Kashmir based on its majority Muslim population, whereas China claims the Shaksam Valley and Aksai Chin. The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan, having started just after the partition of India in 1947. ... The present conflict is in Kashmir Valley
Mr. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto introduced wide-ranging economic, social, and legal reforms in Pakistan after becoming president in 1971. The key reforms included nationalizing major industries, imposing land reforms that limited landholdings and granted tenants rights, making education compulsory and free up to 10th grade, establishing labor protections and healthcare reforms, and separating the judiciary from the executive. The reforms aimed to address inequities, promote social justice, and improve standards of living but also led to high inflation.
The first cabinet of Pakistan was formed in 1947 with Liaquat Ali Khan as the first Prime Minister. It faced many difficulties establishing an administration for the new country including dealing with riots, refugees, and setting foreign policy. Liaquat Ali Khan helped establish the foundations of Pakistan's government and pursued the drafting of a constitution. However, the country continued to face major problems including the issues of refugees caused by the partition, disputes over water rights with India, and the accession of princely states, most notably the crisis in Kashmir which remained unresolved.
Nawaz Sharif served three non-consecutive terms as Prime Minister of Pakistan. He pursued policies of privatization and economic liberalization during his first term in the 1990s. However, his second term in the late 1990s was marked by high inflation, debt, and unemployment. Sharif's third term from 2013-2017 saw continued privatization and infrastructure development through projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, but his government also accumulated significant debt. Sharif's tenure was cut short in 2017 due to corruption allegations.
The document summarizes the key political factors that led to East Pakistan's separation from West Pakistan in 1971, resulting in the formation of Bangladesh. It discusses how the failure of Pakistan's political leadership and institutions to properly manage regional political parties weakened national unity. Specifically, it notes that the Muslim League declined as a national party, allowing regional parties like the Awami League in East Pakistan to gain strength. It also examines issues like the language dispute, economic disparities, the impact of martial laws, and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's six point demands, all of which increased Bengali nationalist sentiment. Ultimately, the political leadership was unable to address these centrifugal forces, leading to East Pakistan declaring independence.
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinentAqib Syed
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinent
Political system in Pakistan broke down in 1971 because of output failure arising out of conflict among East and West Pakistan.
Though separation of East Pakistan occurred in 1971, the separation’s elements had begun to work with the emergence of Pakistan in 1947. Following were the main causes of the separation of East Pakistan.
OUTLINE:
GEO-STRAREGIC IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN.
GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN.
GEOGRAPHICALLY LOCATION OF PAKISTAN WITH RESPECT TO NEIGHBORS.
GEO-POLITICAL IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN.
Hurried partition:
Mountbaton’s policy of cut and run harmed Pakistan’s interests.
India’s hostile attitudes:
From the beginning India adopted very hostile attitude and did everything not to let Pakistan settle.
Hurried partition:
Mountbaton’s policy of cut and run harmed Pakistan’s interests.
India’s hostile attitudes:
From the beginning India adopted very hostile attitude and did everything not to let Pakistan settle.
Formation of government and administrative machinery:
Lack of trained manpower—lack of records—setting of central government and secretariat—re-organization of administrative departments, civil, foreign and armed cervices.
Influx of refugees:
Millions of destitute and homeless people crossed into Pakistan.
Problems of rehabilitation of refugees.
Political problems:
Location of the two wings.
Monopoly of West Pakistan in government departments and armed forces
Language controversy
Provincialism
Constitution making
The document summarizes the key events of the Pakistan movement from 1940 to 1947, including the Lahore Resolution of 1940, the Cripps Mission of 1942, the Quit India Movement of 1942, the Gandhi-Jinnah talks of 1944, the Wavell Plan and Simla Conference of 1945, elections from 1945-1946, the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946, the June 3rd Plan of 1947, the Radcliffe Award boundary demarcation, and finally the Indian Independence Act of 1947 which partitioned British India and led to the independence of Pakistan and India.
The Constitution of 1956 was drafted after Pakistan became a republic and consisted of 234 articles divided into 13 parts. It declared Pakistan an Islamic republic with Islam as the state religion. A federal parliamentary system of government was established with a unicameral National Assembly. However, the constitution was opposed by Bengali autonomists and the Awami League, and elections were never held. Martial law was imposed in 1958, abrogating the constitution.
Pakistan Foreign Policy...Its objectives and PrinciplesShefa Idrees
Pakistan's foreign policy aims to protect its independence and sovereignty, maintain cordial relations with Muslim countries, and promote world peace and self-determination. The key principles guiding Pakistan's foreign policy are protecting freedom, non-interference in other countries, implementing the UN charter, and supporting international organizations. Pakistan's foreign policy is shaped by its goal of national security and economic well-being, as well as factors like its political system, leadership, and international relationships.
The All India Muslim League was formed in 1906 to represent the political interests and rights of Indian Muslims. It aimed to protect Muslim political rights, promote loyalty to the British government among Muslims, and dispel misunderstandings about Muslims. Some key achievements included gaining separate electorates for Muslims in the 1909 Indian Councils Act, establishing Aligarh Muslim University in 1920, and signing the Lucknow Pact in 1916 where Hindus accepted the Muslim League as the sole representative of Indian Muslims.
This lecture provided an overview of the geography, climate, population, economy, and environmental issues of Pakistan. It discussed Pakistan's location in southern Asia between India, Iran and Afghanistan, with a coastline along the Arabian Sea. Key points included the climate being mostly hot and dry, natural resources including gas and limited oil, a population of over 170 million with major ethnic groups and 48% literacy rate. Agriculture, fishing, and mining were also summarized.
Pakistan faced many initial problems after independence in 1947, including the choice of capital, unfair boundary distribution, division of military and financial assets, economic issues, language disputes, electricity and water resource problems, and constitutional challenges. Key problems included the Kashmir dispute with India over territory, delays in receiving Pakistan's share of military and financial assets, economic underdevelopment, and disagreements over the national language. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and other leaders worked to address these issues and build confidence that Pakistan could overcome challenges through unity, faith and discipline.
The early problems faced by Pakistan included:
1) Disputes over the division of financial and administrative assets between Pakistan and India. Gandhi went on a fast to force the transfer of Pakistan's share.
2) Administrative challenges in establishing Pakistan's capital in Karachi, which was underdeveloped compared to major Indian cities.
3) Widespread riots and violence during the partition led to massive refugee crises in both countries.
Formation of interim government and 3rd june plansaifkhankakar
1) The document discusses the Cabinet Mission Plan and the negotiations between the Muslim League and Congress Party over forming an interim government for India.
2) It outlines the different formulas proposed for allocating seats in the interim government and how the parties rejected various proposals.
3) Lord Mountbatten was appointed the new Viceroy and tasked with transferring power; he announced the final partition plan on June 3rd, 1947 which established two independent states of India and Pakistan.
This document provides a history of Pakistan's political leadership and constitutional developments from 1947 to 2008. It summarizes the country's prime ministers, presidents, martial laws, and constitutions. Key events include the Objectives Resolution of 1949, the constitutions of 1956, 1962, and 1973, and amendments made over time. Election processes for the National Assembly and Senate are also outlined.
1) Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah were influential figures in the development and promotion of the Two Nation Theory, which argued that Hindus and Muslims in India constituted two separate nations.
2) Iqbal first clearly discussed the Two Nation Theory in 1930, stating that Islam was a complete code of life for Muslims and they should have their own state.
3) Jinnah initially believed in Hindu-Muslim unity but changed his view after the 1928 Nehru Report, and later openly advocated for the Two Nation Theory and the creation of Pakistan at the 1940 Muslim League session.
Pakistan claims Jammu and Kashmir based on its majority Muslim population, whereas China claims the Shaksam Valley and Aksai Chin. The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan, having started just after the partition of India in 1947. ... The present conflict is in Kashmir Valley
Mr. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto introduced wide-ranging economic, social, and legal reforms in Pakistan after becoming president in 1971. The key reforms included nationalizing major industries, imposing land reforms that limited landholdings and granted tenants rights, making education compulsory and free up to 10th grade, establishing labor protections and healthcare reforms, and separating the judiciary from the executive. The reforms aimed to address inequities, promote social justice, and improve standards of living but also led to high inflation.
The first cabinet of Pakistan was formed in 1947 with Liaquat Ali Khan as the first Prime Minister. It faced many difficulties establishing an administration for the new country including dealing with riots, refugees, and setting foreign policy. Liaquat Ali Khan helped establish the foundations of Pakistan's government and pursued the drafting of a constitution. However, the country continued to face major problems including the issues of refugees caused by the partition, disputes over water rights with India, and the accession of princely states, most notably the crisis in Kashmir which remained unresolved.
Nawaz Sharif served three non-consecutive terms as Prime Minister of Pakistan. He pursued policies of privatization and economic liberalization during his first term in the 1990s. However, his second term in the late 1990s was marked by high inflation, debt, and unemployment. Sharif's third term from 2013-2017 saw continued privatization and infrastructure development through projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, but his government also accumulated significant debt. Sharif's tenure was cut short in 2017 due to corruption allegations.
The document summarizes the key political factors that led to East Pakistan's separation from West Pakistan in 1971, resulting in the formation of Bangladesh. It discusses how the failure of Pakistan's political leadership and institutions to properly manage regional political parties weakened national unity. Specifically, it notes that the Muslim League declined as a national party, allowing regional parties like the Awami League in East Pakistan to gain strength. It also examines issues like the language dispute, economic disparities, the impact of martial laws, and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's six point demands, all of which increased Bengali nationalist sentiment. Ultimately, the political leadership was unable to address these centrifugal forces, leading to East Pakistan declaring independence.
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinentAqib Syed
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinent
Political system in Pakistan broke down in 1971 because of output failure arising out of conflict among East and West Pakistan.
Though separation of East Pakistan occurred in 1971, the separation’s elements had begun to work with the emergence of Pakistan in 1947. Following were the main causes of the separation of East Pakistan.
OUTLINE:
GEO-STRAREGIC IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN.
GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN.
GEOGRAPHICALLY LOCATION OF PAKISTAN WITH RESPECT TO NEIGHBORS.
GEO-POLITICAL IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN.
Hurried partition:
Mountbaton’s policy of cut and run harmed Pakistan’s interests.
India’s hostile attitudes:
From the beginning India adopted very hostile attitude and did everything not to let Pakistan settle.
Hurried partition:
Mountbaton’s policy of cut and run harmed Pakistan’s interests.
India’s hostile attitudes:
From the beginning India adopted very hostile attitude and did everything not to let Pakistan settle.
Formation of government and administrative machinery:
Lack of trained manpower—lack of records—setting of central government and secretariat—re-organization of administrative departments, civil, foreign and armed cervices.
Influx of refugees:
Millions of destitute and homeless people crossed into Pakistan.
Problems of rehabilitation of refugees.
Political problems:
Location of the two wings.
Monopoly of West Pakistan in government departments and armed forces
Language controversy
Provincialism
Constitution making
The document summarizes the key events of the Pakistan movement from 1940 to 1947, including the Lahore Resolution of 1940, the Cripps Mission of 1942, the Quit India Movement of 1942, the Gandhi-Jinnah talks of 1944, the Wavell Plan and Simla Conference of 1945, elections from 1945-1946, the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946, the June 3rd Plan of 1947, the Radcliffe Award boundary demarcation, and finally the Indian Independence Act of 1947 which partitioned British India and led to the independence of Pakistan and India.
The Constitution of 1956 was drafted after Pakistan became a republic and consisted of 234 articles divided into 13 parts. It declared Pakistan an Islamic republic with Islam as the state religion. A federal parliamentary system of government was established with a unicameral National Assembly. However, the constitution was opposed by Bengali autonomists and the Awami League, and elections were never held. Martial law was imposed in 1958, abrogating the constitution.
Pakistan Foreign Policy...Its objectives and PrinciplesShefa Idrees
Pakistan's foreign policy aims to protect its independence and sovereignty, maintain cordial relations with Muslim countries, and promote world peace and self-determination. The key principles guiding Pakistan's foreign policy are protecting freedom, non-interference in other countries, implementing the UN charter, and supporting international organizations. Pakistan's foreign policy is shaped by its goal of national security and economic well-being, as well as factors like its political system, leadership, and international relationships.
The All India Muslim League was formed in 1906 to represent the political interests and rights of Indian Muslims. It aimed to protect Muslim political rights, promote loyalty to the British government among Muslims, and dispel misunderstandings about Muslims. Some key achievements included gaining separate electorates for Muslims in the 1909 Indian Councils Act, establishing Aligarh Muslim University in 1920, and signing the Lucknow Pact in 1916 where Hindus accepted the Muslim League as the sole representative of Indian Muslims.
This lecture provided an overview of the geography, climate, population, economy, and environmental issues of Pakistan. It discussed Pakistan's location in southern Asia between India, Iran and Afghanistan, with a coastline along the Arabian Sea. Key points included the climate being mostly hot and dry, natural resources including gas and limited oil, a population of over 170 million with major ethnic groups and 48% literacy rate. Agriculture, fishing, and mining were also summarized.
Pakistan faced many initial problems after independence in 1947, including the choice of capital, unfair boundary distribution, division of military and financial assets, economic issues, language disputes, electricity and water resource problems, and constitutional challenges. Key problems included the Kashmir dispute with India over territory, delays in receiving Pakistan's share of military and financial assets, economic underdevelopment, and disagreements over the national language. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and other leaders worked to address these issues and build confidence that Pakistan could overcome challenges through unity, faith and discipline.
The early problems faced by Pakistan included:
1) Disputes over the division of financial and administrative assets between Pakistan and India. Gandhi went on a fast to force the transfer of Pakistan's share.
2) Administrative challenges in establishing Pakistan's capital in Karachi, which was underdeveloped compared to major Indian cities.
3) Widespread riots and violence during the partition led to massive refugee crises in both countries.
1.Choice of Capital and Establishment of Government
2. Unfair Boundary Distribution
3.Division of Military Assets
4.Division of financial assets:
5. Economic Problems
6.Issue of national language
7.Electricity Problem
8.Kashmir Dispute
9. Canal Water Dispute
10. Constitutional Problem
Pakistan faced several initial problems after independence including choosing a capital city, dealing with Muslim refugees from India, an unjust division of armed forces and financial assets from India, canal water disputes with India, the Kashmir dispute, administrative challenges with a lack of experienced personnel, the death of Jinnah, and tensions between East and West Pakistan due to geographical, communication, religious, and political differences.
Pakistan faced numerous challenges after independence in 1947, as it had to build infrastructure from scratch in the peripheral areas that made up the new country. The initial problems included a lack of experienced lawmakers and permanent constitution, shortage of senior administrators and office resources, disputes over dividing assets with India, integrating princely states, dealing with refugees from communal violence, conflicts over water rights, and a weak economy with few industries. Social problems also emerged from tensions between ethnic groups over the formation of Pakistan.
Problems faced by muslims during partitionUmair Liaqat
This document outlines the initial problems faced by Pakistan after its independence in 1947. It discusses 11 major problems: 1) choosing a capital and establishing a government; 2) an unfair boundary distribution; 3) massacres of Muslim refugees in India; 4) the division of military and financial assets; 5) canal water disputes; 6) the Kashmir dispute; 7) constitutional issues; 8) the annexation of princely states; 9) economic problems; 10) administrative challenges; and 11) electricity issues. The document concludes that while Pakistan faced immense difficulties at its founding, the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah helped the nation overcome these problems to develop into a strong country, as he had envisioned.
The document summarizes key events in Pakistan from 1947 to 1958 after independence. It discusses the formation of Pakistan's first cabinet led by Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime Minister. It also outlines some of the major problems Pakistan faced such as refugees, water disputes with India, and the accession of princely states. In particular, it provides details on the Kashmir conflict and how the issue remains unresolved despite UN resolutions calling for a plebiscite.
The document summarizes the initial problems faced by Pakistan after independence in 1947, including the choice of capital, unfair boundary distributions, massacres of Muslim refugees, disputes over assets and resources, and various economic and administrative challenges. It discusses the objectives resolution passed in 1949 to outline principles for the governance of Pakistan, including Islamic principles and fundamental rights. It also briefly outlines the 1956 constitution passed by the second constituent assembly.
Initial difficulties after establishment of pakistan FURQAN M LODHIkalyami
The document summarizes several problems faced by Pakistan after its establishment in 1947, including the choice of Karachi as the capital, unfair boundary demarcation that awarded Muslim-majority areas to India, the massacre of Muslim refugees migrating to Pakistan, disputes over the division of military and financial assets, canal water disputes, the Kashmir dispute, constitutional issues in the early years, and disputes over the princely states of Junagadh and Hyderabad. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah urged the new nation to face these challenges with determination and build the country quickly despite unfavorable circumstances.
nature and science of pak studies 1947-58.pdfTassadaqKhokhar
The document summarizes Pakistan's history from 1947 to 1953, including:
1. The formation of Pakistan's first cabinet in 1947 led by Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime Minister.
2. The problems Pakistan faced in its early years like refugees, water disputes with India, and princely state accessions.
3. Key political developments like the Objectives Resolution, negotiations with India, and constitutional debates around representation and the Bogra Formula.
The document summarizes the complex history of conflict between India and Pakistan over several disputed territories and issues. It notes that the India-Pakistan border has been the site of much bloodshed and war since partition in 1947. The ongoing conflict in Kashmir has resulted in over 40,000 deaths. The document argues that the root cause of tensions is an imbalance of power between the two countries that Pakistan refuses to accept. It examines past peace talks that have failed and outlines realistic options for India, including taking advantage of internal divisions within Pakistan to encourage the breakup of the Pakistani state.
Pakistan faced many initial problems after gaining independence in 1947 including:
1) A lack of trained personnel and infrastructure for the new administration.
2) Difficulties in the division of military and financial assets with India.
3) Integration of princely states as some rulers joined India against the wishes of their Muslim populations, such as in Junagarh and Kashmir.
4) Massive refugee crises and economic problems from the arrival of Muslims fleeing violence in India that strained Pakistan's resources.
Liaquat Ali Khan was the first Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1947 to 1951. He helped establish Pakistan's government and dealt with major issues like refugees from partition and disputes with India over Kashmir and water rights. Over 7 million refugees had to be resettled in Pakistan. Disputes also arose over the boundaries awarded by the Radcliffe Commission. Liaquat Ali Khan signed the 1950 Liaquat-Nehru Pact to improve relations with India. However, he was assassinated in 1951, leaving the new nation without its first leader.
The document discusses the ideology of Pakistan. It states that Pakistan was created as an ideological Islamic state where Muslims could live according to Islamic principles and culture. The two-nation theory, which stated that Hindus and Muslims constituted two separate nations, led to the formation of Pakistan as a separate homeland for Muslims. After independence, Pakistan faced several initial problems including the choice of capital, unfair boundary demarcation, refugee crises, disputes over assets and canals, and the Kashmir issue.
Pakistan faced many initial problems after its establishment in 1947, including choosing a capital city (Karachi was selected), dividing military and financial assets with India, and developing its weak economy. India deliberately created obstacles and withheld Pakistan's rightful shares of assets. Additionally, Pakistan struggled with constitutional issues as the constituent assembly took eight years to draft a constitution. There was also conflict over whether Urdu or Bengali should be the national language.
Pakistan faced many challenges after gaining independence in 1947, including:
1. Division of assets between Pakistan and India, with India initially transferring only a fraction of what Pakistan was owed.
2. Water problems arose when India closed rivers flowing into Pakistan, damaging crops, and later demanding payment for water.
3. The language issue sparked riots in East Pakistan when only Urdu was named the national language, contrary to the dominant Bengali.
4. Pakistan struggled to choose and develop its capital city due to a lack of developed urban centers at the time of partition.
Early problems faced by Pakistan after its creation included:
1) Unjust boundaries drawn by Sir Radcliffe that deprived Pakistan of Muslim-majority lands and resources.
2) Administrative difficulties with the departure of Hindu government officials and lack of basic infrastructure and records.
3) The massive influx of over 1.25 million Muslim refugees fleeing violence in India.
4) Disputes over the division of financial assets and military hardware between Pakistan and India.
Pakistan faced many challenges in its early years after independence in 1947, including choosing a capital city, unfair boundary distributions that separated Muslim-majority areas from Pakistan, massacres of Muslim refugees in India that killed over 600,000, lack of accommodation for refugees, unfair division of military and financial assets with India, electricity and water issues due to boundary divisions, problems with princely states acceding to India instead of Pakistan, linguistic issues between West and East Pakistan, a leadership vacuum after Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan, and political and linguistic riots. However, Pakistan worked to build administrative institutions from scratch under Jinnah's leadership.
The document discusses the complex relationship between India and Pakistan over the past 65+ years since partition. It outlines some of the key issues that have caused tensions, including the Kashmir dispute, water rights, and the division of military assets. Although there have been attempts at peace processes, the two countries have struggled to resolve their differences and develop trust and cooperation. Maintaining peace and stability would benefit both countries economically and socially. However, tensions often reemerge due to their shared history of conflict.
Pakistan faced many challenges after its establishment in 1947, including choosing a capital, unfair boundary distribution, violence against Muslim refugees, economic difficulties due to the division of assets, and water disputes with India. It struggled with administrative and constitutional issues in its early democratic period from 1947-1958. The first martial law regime under Ayub Khan from 1958-1969 made some reforms but failed to solve underlying problems. His successor, Yahya Khan, oversaw Pakistan's first democratic election in 1970, but this led to civil war and the creation of Bangladesh in 1971 as East Pakistan seceded.
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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6. INITIAL PROBLEMS FACED BY PAKISTAN
• Choice of Capital & The establishment of Government.
7. INITIAL PROBLEMS FACED BY PAKISTAN
• Choice of Capital & The establishment of Government.
• The Massacre of Muslim refugees in India.
8. INITIAL PROBLEMS FACED BY PAKISTAN
• Choice of Capital & The establishment of Government.
• The Massacre of Muslim refugees in India.
• Unjust Division of Armed Forces.
9. INITIAL PROBLEMS FACED BY PAKISTAN
• Choice of Capital & The establishment of Government.
• The Massacre of Muslim refugees in India.
• Unjust Division of Armed Forces.
• Unjust Division of Financial Assets.
10. INITIAL PROBLEMS FACED BY PAKISTAN
• Choice of Capital & The establishment of Government.
• The Massacre of Muslim refugees in India.
• Unjust Division of Armed Forces.
• Unjust Division of Financial Assets.
• Canal Water Dispute.
11. INITIAL PROBLEMS FACED BY PAKISTAN
• Choice of Capital & The establishment of Government.
• The Massacre of Muslim refugees in India.
• Unjust Division of Armed Forces.
• Unjust Division of Financial Assets.
• Canal Water Dispute.
• Kashmir Dispute.
12. INITIAL PROBLEMS FACED BY PAKISTAN
• Choice of Capital & The establishment of Government.
• The Massacre of Muslim refugees in India.
• Unjust Division of Armed Forces.
• Unjust Division of Financial Assets.
• Canal Water Dispute.
• Kashmir Dispute.
• Administrative Problems.
13. INITIAL PROBLEMS FACED BY PAKISTAN
• Choice of Capital & The establishment of Government.
• The Massacre of Muslim refugees in India.
• Unjust Division of Armed Forces.
• Unjust Division of Financial Assets.
• Canal Water Dispute.
• Kashmir Dispute.
• Administrative Problems.
• Death of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
14. • INTRODUCTION
Pakistan came into existence on 14th august 1947. Soon after its establishment, Pakistan faced number
of problems. Most of the problems of Pakistan were related with Pakistan dispute with India, such as
the accession of the princely states, canal Water dispute, refugees' problems and distribution of armed
and military assets. Infect most of these problems were deliberately created by India itself so that
Pakistan would not maintain its independent status and soon merged with India. (Nehru told General
Sir Frank Misery in 1945,“His deliberate plan would be to allow Jinnah to have his
Pakistan end gradually makes things so impossible economically and otherwise for Pakistan that they
have to come on their banded knees and asked to be allowed back to India.”
15. CHOICE OF CAPITAL AND ESTABLISHMENT OF
GOVERNMENT
The first problem that Pakistan had to face was to choose a capital to form a
Government and to establish a secretariat.
16. CHOICE OF CAPITAL AND ESTABLISHMENT OF
GOVERNMENT
The first problem that Pakistan had to face was to choose a capital to form a
Government and to establish a secretariat.
Karachi was chosen as the capital of Pakistan.
17. CHOICE OF CAPITAL AND ESTABLISHMENT OF
GOVERNMENT
The first problem that Pakistan had to face was to choose a capital to form a
Government and to establish a secretariat.
Karachi was chosen as the capital of Pakistan.
Quaid-e-Azam took the office of the Governor General ,Liaqat Ali Khan was
appointed as Prime Minister and a Cabinet of experienced persons was selected.
18. CHOICE OF CAPITAL AND ESTABLISHMENT OF
GOVERNMENT
The first problem that Pakistan had to face was to choose a capital to form a
Government and to establish a secretariat.
Karachi was chosen as the capital of Pakistan.
Quaid-e-Azam took the office of the Governor General ,Liaqat Ali Khan was
appointed as Prime Minister and a Cabinet of experienced persons was selected.
Arrangements were to be made to bring the officials who had opted for Pakistan from
Delhi to Karachi.
19. THE MASSACRE OF MUSLIM REFUGEES
IN INDIA.
On the birth of Pakistan, Hindus and Sikhs became more furious.
20. THE MASSACRE OF MUSLIM REFUGEES
IN INDIA.
On the birth of Pakistan, Hindus and Sikhs became more furious.
In a planned move, Muslim properties were set on fire and they were compelled to
leave Bharat for Pakistan with nothing but their lives
21. THE MASSACRE OF MUSLIM REFUGEES
IN INDIA.
On the birth of Pakistan, Hindus and Sikhs became more furious.
In a planned move, Muslim properties were set on fire and they were compelled to
leave Bharat for Pakistan with nothing but their lives
Millions of refugees were killed before they reached Pakistan.
22. THE MASSACRE OF MUSLIM REFUGEES
IN INDIA.
On the birth of Pakistan, Hindus and Sikhs became more furious.
In a planned move, Muslim properties were set on fire and they were compelled to
leave Bharat for Pakistan with nothing but their lives
Millions of refugees were killed before they reached Pakistan.
Many migrants were looted and had to be provided boarding immediately as they
reached Pakistan.
23. The most accurate number of
causalities were 2 lakh and fifty
thousand as dead and about 6.5
million refugees came to Pakistan the
then West Pakistan
24. UNJUST DIVISION OF ARMED FORCES
Pakistan also did not receive the due share of the military assets.
25. UNJUST DIVISION OF ARMED FORCES
Pakistan also did not receive the due share of the military assets.
This dishonest attitude put Pakistan into great difficulties.
26. UNJUST DIVISION OF ARMED FORCES
Pakistan also did not receive the due share of the military assets.
This dishonest attitude put Pakistan into great difficulties.
To put it simple Pakistan started its Arms and Finances from zero or to be precise
even below it!
27. UNJUST DIVISION OF FINANCIAL ASSETS
In order to embarrass Pakistan financially, India did a lot of dishonesty in the matters
of Pakistan which were concerned with its benefits.
28. UNJUST DIVISION OF FINANCIAL ASSETS
In order to embarrass Pakistan financially, India did a lot of dishonesty in the matters
of Pakistan which were concerned with its benefits.
Pakistan was promised to get Rs. 750 million but the Indian Government refused to
give. Pakistan received only 200 million.
29. UNJUST DIVISION OF FINANCIAL ASSETS
In order to embarrass Pakistan financially, India did a lot of dishonesty in the matters
of Pakistan which were concerned with its benefits.
Pakistan was promised to get Rs. 750 million but the Indian Government refused to
give. Pakistan received only 200 million.
After the protest from Pakistan and the threat of hunger strike by Gandhi,Nehru was
forced to pay another 500 million rupees. However the remaining 50 million rupees
are still not paid.The money was Pakistan's rightful share. India deliberately
withholds it because they hoped that Pakistan would become bankrupt.
30. CANAL WATER DISPUTE
Pakistan has an agrarian economy. Most of the rivers flowing in Pakistan have their
origin in India.
31. CANAL WATER DISPUTE
Pakistan has an agrarian economy. Most of the rivers flowing in Pakistan have their
origin in India.
In 1948, India stopped water supply to Pakistani canals
to damage the Pakistani agriculture.
32. CANAL WATER DISPUTE
Pakistan has an agrarian economy. Most of the rivers flowing in Pakistan have their
origin in India.
In 1948, India stopped water supply to Pakistani canals
to damage the Pakistani agriculture.
However on 9th September, 1960 on agreement called
Indus Basin Treaty was signed between the two countries.
33. CANAL WATER DISPUTE
Pakistan has an agrarian economy. Most of the rivers flowing in Pakistan have their
origin in India.
In 1948, India stopped water supply to Pakistani canals
to damage the Pakistani agriculture.
However on 9th September, 1960 on agreement called
Indus Basin Treaty was signed between the two countries.
The treaty was put to ashes by India in 1964 and Indo-Pak War of 1965 took place. It
was the biggest Tank-tankWar in the World’s History.
34. KASHMIR DISPUTE
Kashmir dispute is the most important and unsolved problem. Kashmir is the natural
part of Pakistan because at the time of partition 85% of the Kashmir’s total population
was Muslim.
35. KASHMIR DISPUTE
Kashmir dispute is the most important and unsolved problem. Kashmir is the natural
part of Pakistan because at the time of partition 85% of the Kashmir’s total population
was Muslim.
The Hindu Dogra Rule, who was secretly with the Government of India, declared
Kashmir as a part of India.
36. KASHMIR DISPUTE
Kashmir dispute is the most important and unsolved problem. Kashmir is the natural
part of Pakistan because at the time of partition 85% of the Kashmir’s total population
was Muslim.
The Hindu Dogra Rule, who was secretly with the Government of India, declared
Kashmir as a part of India.
Pakistan has continuously insisted that Kashmir must get their right of self
determination but due to non-cooperation of India, Kashmir issue still remain
unsolved
37. KASHMIR DISPUTE
Kashmir dispute is the most important and unsolved problem. Kashmir is the natural
part of Pakistan because at the time of partition 85% of the Kashmir’s total population
was Muslim.
The Hindu Dogra Rule, who was secretly with the Government of India, declared
Kashmir as a part of India.
Pakistan has continuously insisted that Kashmir must get their right of self
determination but due to non-cooperation of India, Kashmir issue still remain
unsolved
This resulted in a (what international powers called a “Near Nuclear War”) War of
1999’s Indo-Pak War of Kargil-Drass Sector.
39. ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS
The biggest administrative problem facing Pakistan was the acute shortage of
competent and experienced personnel in the Central and Provincial Governments.
40. ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS
The biggest administrative problem facing Pakistan was the acute shortage of
competent and experienced personnel in the Central and Provincial Governments.
There weren’t enough chairs, tables or even stationary and paper pins for administrative
purposes.
41. ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS
The biggest administrative problem facing Pakistan was the acute shortage of
competent and experienced personnel in the Central and Provincial Governments.
There weren’t enough chairs, tables or even stationary and paper pins for administrative
purposes.
Quaid-e-Azam paid his immediate attention towards setting up of administrative
machinery and took a number of steps to overcome the administrative problems of the
new state.
42. ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS
The biggest administrative problem facing Pakistan was the acute shortage of
competent and experienced personnel in the Central and Provincial Governments.
There weren’t enough chairs, tables or even stationary and paper pins for administrative
purposes.
Quaid-e-Azam paid his immediate attention towards setting up of administrative
machinery and took a number of steps to overcome the administrative problems of the
new state.
Therefore the immediate task before the nation was to establish a workable
administrative and Government machinery to run the affairs of the newly born state.
43. ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS
Therefore the immediate task before the nation was to
establish a workable administrative and Government
machinery to run the affairs of the newly born state.
44. Quaid-e-Azam died on 11th September 1948.
Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, His, was just as hard
won, just as miraculous a victory.Through his masterful
maneuvering and inspirational rallying; a country had been
wrest from the clenched fists of the British Empire sulky
about its’ losses. Suddenly, there was Pakistan, a whole
country, carved out on a map, existing in reality. But just as
Pakistan became real, Jinnah faded, as if the very miracle of
the country’s creation had sniffed and sucked the life of its
leader. Pakistan Suffered soon after the death of
Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
After the death of Quaid-e-Azam though there were great
leaders too, but unfortunately none of them was of the
caliber of Quaid-e-Azam.
45. Today we can see that Quaid-e-Azam (R.A) was right after all when he said,
“Pakistan is one of the Greatest Nations of the world!”
CONCLUSION
46. PAKISTAN CAME INTO BEING AS A FREE MUSLIM STATE IN QUITE UNFAVORABLE
CIRCUMSTANCES. IT HAD NO RESOURCES, IT HAD TO BUILD UP ITS
ADMINISTRATIVE MACHINERY FROM A SCRATCH.
BUT SUPREME EFFORTS WERE MADE BY THE QUAID-E-AZAM (R.A) AND HIS
COLLEAGUES TO GRAPPLE WITH THE SITUATION.
QUAID-E-AZAM’S GOLDEN PRINCIPLES UNITY, FAITH AND DISCIPLINE GAVE WAY
TO PAKISTAN FOR A BRIGHT FUTURE OF A STRONG AND WELL DEVELOPED
COUNTRY.
47. HOW WAS THE BOSS RIGHT?
• Pakistan has almost all the weathers and terrains of the world.
• Pakistan is one of the most important nation geographically and
in ThirdWorld Order, Muslim world and the Bi-polar world.
48. HOW WAS THE BOSS RIGHT?
• Pakistan is Seventh in the Nuclear powers of the world.
• Pakistan Armed capabilities are superb.
• Pakistan is home to many Ethical Groups.
• Pakistan is home to the oldest
civilizations of the world known today.
49. “Come forward as servants of Islam,
organize the people economically,
socially, educationally and politically
and I am sure that you will be a power
that will be accepted by everybody.”
-Muhammad Ali Jinnah
50. "My thoughts are with those valiant fighters in our cause who readily sacrificed all
they had, including their lives, to make Pakistan possible."
-Muhammad Ali Jinnah