Kashmir after 1947
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This year is marked in the minds of the Indians... 1947 the year which remarks the total change in the history of Kashmir
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Kashmir
The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and China. After the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, the Maharaja of Kashmir opted to join India, though parts of Kashmir were occupied by Pakistan. This led to the first Indo-Pakistani war over Kashmir. A ceasefire line divided the region, which later became the Line of Control (LOC). Subsequent wars and negotiations failed to resolve the dispute. Both countries claim the entire region of Kashmir, and have fought several wars over it. The conflict remains ongoing, with disputes over borders and occasional military clashes along the LOC.
Kashmir
This document provides an overview of the geopolitical significance of Kashmir for India-Pakistan relations from partition in 1947 to the present. It discusses how Kashmir became divided and disputed between India and Pakistan after independence, leading to multiple wars and ongoing tensions over its status. The root cause of instability between the two countries revolves around Kashmir, which both see as strategically important due to its location bordering Central Asia and China. The document analyzes Kashmir's political status before partition and the events surrounding its division after 1947 that set the stage for ongoing conflict over its control and sovereignty.
Kashmir dispute
The Kashmir dispute is a long-standing territorial conflict between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region. Kashmir is important to both countries for strategic reasons, including its water resources and proximity to key transportation routes. The conflict has led to multiple wars between India and Pakistan and remains a flashpoint for potential nuclear conflict in the region. Despite UN resolutions calling for a plebiscite to determine Kashmir's status, India has resisted allowing Kashmiris a vote for independence for over 55 years. The dispute remains unresolved and a serious threat to regional stability and security.
Kashmir dispute ERA 1947 - 2017
The document provides a chronology of key events in the Kashmir dispute from 1947 to 2017 between India and Pakistan over control of the Kashmir region. It outlines the partition of the subcontinent in 1947 that led to the Maharaja of Kashmir's accession to India and the first war between India and Pakistan over the region. Subsequent events include three wars, a Simla Agreement, a pro-independence insurgency in Indian-administered Kashmir in the late 1980s, and continuing violence and tensions along the Line of Control dividing the region.
IR PRESENTATION.pptx
This document discusses the Kashmir issue between India and Pakistan. It provides background on Kashmir's location and demographics. The main points of contention are India's occupation of Kashmir in 1947 and refusal to hold a UN-mandated plebiscite to determine whether Kashmir should join India or Pakistan. The region remains divided and militarized, with Kashmiris overwhelmingly favoring independence. The document argues international intervention is needed to implement UN resolutions and end human rights abuses.
Jammu andkashmir a presentation
This document provides an overview of the geography, history and current status of Jammu and Kashmir. It discusses how the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India in 1947 following an invasion by tribesmen from Pakistan. It notes that parts of the former state are currently occupied by Pakistan and China. The document outlines issues like terrorism, the status of refugees and displaced people. It discusses the 1994 parliamentary resolution reaffirming Jammu and Kashmir as an integral part of India. It proposes strategic importance of the Pakistan-occupied parts of Kashmir and outlines a way forward for the government of India.
Pakistan relations with india: 1947-199
This document outlines major events in India-Pakistan relations from 1947 to 1999. It covers the partition of British India, the Kashmir dispute and wars over Kashmir in 1948 and 1965. It also notes both countries' development of nuclear weapons, with India conducting its first nuclear test in 1974 and both countries testing in 1988. The document ends by mentioning Kashmiri guerilla incursions in 1999 and Pakistani withdrawal from the Line of Control that same year.
Kashmir conflict
Tooba Javaid's assignment report is about the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. The report provides background on the geography of Kashmir and the division of control between India, Pakistan, and China. It discusses the early history of Kashmir and the events surrounding partition and the first war over Kashmir in 1947. Subsequent wars in 1965 and 1971 are also mentioned. The report outlines reasons for the ongoing dispute between India and Pakistan over the region.
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Kashmir
The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and China. After the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, the Maharaja of Kashmir opted to join India, though parts of Kashmir were occupied by Pakistan. This led to the first Indo-Pakistani war over Kashmir. A ceasefire line divided the region, which later became the Line of Control (LOC). Subsequent wars and negotiations failed to resolve the dispute. Both countries claim the entire region of Kashmir, and have fought several wars over it. The conflict remains ongoing, with disputes over borders and occasional military clashes along the LOC.
Kashmir
This document provides an overview of the geopolitical significance of Kashmir for India-Pakistan relations from partition in 1947 to the present. It discusses how Kashmir became divided and disputed between India and Pakistan after independence, leading to multiple wars and ongoing tensions over its status. The root cause of instability between the two countries revolves around Kashmir, which both see as strategically important due to its location bordering Central Asia and China. The document analyzes Kashmir's political status before partition and the events surrounding its division after 1947 that set the stage for ongoing conflict over its control and sovereignty.
Kashmir dispute
The Kashmir dispute is a long-standing territorial conflict between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region. Kashmir is important to both countries for strategic reasons, including its water resources and proximity to key transportation routes. The conflict has led to multiple wars between India and Pakistan and remains a flashpoint for potential nuclear conflict in the region. Despite UN resolutions calling for a plebiscite to determine Kashmir's status, India has resisted allowing Kashmiris a vote for independence for over 55 years. The dispute remains unresolved and a serious threat to regional stability and security.
Kashmir dispute ERA 1947 - 2017
The document provides a chronology of key events in the Kashmir dispute from 1947 to 2017 between India and Pakistan over control of the Kashmir region. It outlines the partition of the subcontinent in 1947 that led to the Maharaja of Kashmir's accession to India and the first war between India and Pakistan over the region. Subsequent events include three wars, a Simla Agreement, a pro-independence insurgency in Indian-administered Kashmir in the late 1980s, and continuing violence and tensions along the Line of Control dividing the region.
IR PRESENTATION.pptx
This document discusses the Kashmir issue between India and Pakistan. It provides background on Kashmir's location and demographics. The main points of contention are India's occupation of Kashmir in 1947 and refusal to hold a UN-mandated plebiscite to determine whether Kashmir should join India or Pakistan. The region remains divided and militarized, with Kashmiris overwhelmingly favoring independence. The document argues international intervention is needed to implement UN resolutions and end human rights abuses.
Jammu andkashmir a presentation
This document provides an overview of the geography, history and current status of Jammu and Kashmir. It discusses how the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India in 1947 following an invasion by tribesmen from Pakistan. It notes that parts of the former state are currently occupied by Pakistan and China. The document outlines issues like terrorism, the status of refugees and displaced people. It discusses the 1994 parliamentary resolution reaffirming Jammu and Kashmir as an integral part of India. It proposes strategic importance of the Pakistan-occupied parts of Kashmir and outlines a way forward for the government of India.
Pakistan relations with india: 1947-199
This document outlines major events in India-Pakistan relations from 1947 to 1999. It covers the partition of British India, the Kashmir dispute and wars over Kashmir in 1948 and 1965. It also notes both countries' development of nuclear weapons, with India conducting its first nuclear test in 1974 and both countries testing in 1988. The document ends by mentioning Kashmiri guerilla incursions in 1999 and Pakistani withdrawal from the Line of Control that same year.
Kashmir conflict
Tooba Javaid's assignment report is about the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. The report provides background on the geography of Kashmir and the division of control between India, Pakistan, and China. It discusses the early history of Kashmir and the events surrounding partition and the first war over Kashmir in 1947. Subsequent wars in 1965 and 1971 are also mentioned. The report outlines reasons for the ongoing dispute between India and Pakistan over the region.
Foreign Policy of Pakistan
Pakistan has diplomatic relationships with several countries based on mutual interests and objectives. Its foreign policy aims to protect national security, territorial integrity, and political sovereignty. Key aspects of Pakistan's foreign policy include sovereignty, national interests, and peaceful cooperation. Major foreign policy agencies include the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and intelligence services. Pakistan maintains relationships with neighboring countries like Iran, Afghanistan, India, China, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey as well as allies like the United States.
marathas,
The Carnatic Wars were a series of conflicts fought between the British East India Company and the French East India Company in India between 1744-1763. The wars were really an extension of ongoing conflicts between Britain and France in Europe during the 18th century. The battles were fought for control of the Carnatic region of India and resulted in British domination over French interests in India, paving the way for Britain to establish control over the subcontinent.
Kashmir Ppt
We respect views of all those wanting peace and prosperity for humanity entangled in these troubled times. We from the country known as the Cradle of the World Civilization appeal to all and sundry to also respect our views and culture instead of blasting off the mines and minds of innocent peoples.
Amidst all this, Pakistan wants India to "solve the Kashmir Issue", without addressing the core question - who drove away, threatened, killed the original residents of Kashmir the Kashmiri Pandits from Kashmir? Where are they now? Who controls their property in Kashmir? Why are the Muslim majority in Kashmir increasingly demanding freedom from India when it has always been part of India... These are vital questions that needs answeres... and then there are practical reasons too, why Kashmir must stay with India
Presentation4
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 was fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu. On October 22nd, 1947, Muslim tribal militias crossed into Kashmir from Pakistan, claiming to suppress a rebellion. The ruler of Kashmir signed an Instrument of Accession to India in exchange for military aid. Indian troops were airlifted to Srinagar and defeated the invading forces. The war involved attacks and counterattacks along the ceasefire line, with both sides gaining and losing territory until a UN-mediated ceasefire took effect in January 1949. The ceasefire line later became the Line of Control dividing Kashmir between India and Pakistan.
Kashmir conflict
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Mountains of Pakistan | by M.Hassaan Anjum
Pakistan has an extensive mountain range that includes some of the highest peaks in the world. There are three main mountain ranges: the Karakoram range, which contains K2 the second highest mountain; the Himalayas, along the Indian border containing over 100 peaks over 7,200 meters; and the Hindu Kush range along the Afghan border. Pakistan is a center of mountain climbing and geology due to its many high peaks and ranges.
Kashmir Conflict
The document discusses the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan from different perspectives. It provides background on the princely state of Kashmir and how it became part of India via an Instrument of Accession signed by its ruler. India sees Kashmir as an integral part of India based on this document, while Pakistan disputes the circumstances around its signing. Both countries have fought multiple wars over the region and continue to disagree on its status and governance. The document also notes China's claims to parts of Kashmir and outlines contentious policies like Article 370 and AFSPA that have fueled local unrest. It concludes by advocating for greater UN involvement to restore peace and respect for human rights in the disputed region.
Kashmir
Romela Zaynab is a Digital Marketing Author, Speaker, Trainer and Consultant. She blogs about Education, Motivation Freelancing, and Digital Marketing at romelazaynab.com
Kashmir issue
The document summarizes the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. It provides geographical and historical context, describing Kashmir as a disputed region with a Muslim majority population administered in parts by India, Pakistan, and China. It outlines the wars fought between India and Pakistan over Kashmir in 1947-1948, 1965, and 1971. The current situation involves ongoing violence and civilian casualties, with India accused of human rights violations. Both countries claim Kashmir but have been urged to resolve the dispute bilaterally through negotiations.
Kashmir issue
This document provides an overview of the Kashmir conflict between India, Pakistan, and China over control of the Kashmir region. It discusses how Kashmir is divided between the three countries, with India controlling Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh, Pakistan controlling Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and China controlling parts of Ladakh. The population of the Indian-controlled region is predominantly Muslim. The document traces the history of control over Kashmir and discusses the ongoing dispute and conflict between India and Pakistan over control of the region.
Early problems of pakistan
This Powerpoint slide is about the problems of Pakistan faced soon after the Independence.Here are These 15 major Problems.
Indo pak conflicts
The document discusses the top 10 reasons for the long-standing conflict between India and Pakistan since their formation as independent states in 1947. The key reasons include the partition which displaced millions, the disputed territory of Kashmir, and the wars fought between the two countries over Kashmir in 1947-48, 1965, 1971 and 1999. The conflict has been exacerbated by both countries developing nuclear weapons capability. The issue of Kashmir remains unresolved and is the fundamental cause of tensions between India and Pakistan.
Jammu and Kashmir Problems and Solutions
This document discusses Jammu and Kashmir, providing historical context and perspectives on the Kashmir issue. It outlines the region's history under various rulers from ancient times through the partition of India in 1947. It notes that Jammu and Kashmir formally acceded to India through an instrument of accession signed on October 26, 1947. However, the issue was later internationalized and taken up by the UN, leading to the line of control. The document decodes common myths and argues that Kashmir has long been integrated with Indian culture and the issue is one of nationality, not religion. It calls for full integration of Jammu and Kashmir into India by scrapping Article 370.
pakistan and india relation till 1947 to 2016
The document summarizes the history of relations between India and Pakistan since their partition in 1947. It discusses key events and disputes that have strained relations such as the partition of British India, the Kashmir dispute, several Indo-Pakistan wars, and ongoing tensions over terrorism. While the two countries have had hostile relations for decades, they have also attempted negotiations and agreements to reduce tensions, such as the Simla Agreement and later composite dialogue processes.
Pakistan studies for class 9th Notes
Chapter #2
Ideology of Pakistan.
According to New Syllabus Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board Peshawar.
Jammu and kashmir geography - prospects and impediments.
The document discusses the geography of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India. It outlines some key physical features of J&K, including its location in northern India and its varied terrain. It then discusses some impediments to development posed by J&K's geography, such as remoteness, lack of connectivity, and susceptibility to natural disasters. Finally, it outlines some prospects for J&K's development through hydropower, tourism, horticulture, and other industries that capitalize on local resources.
Overview of Jammu & Kashmir India
The document provides historical context and details regarding the region of Jammu and Kashmir:
1. It outlines the changing territorial control of the region between India, Pakistan, and China since 1947. As of 2011, approximately 120,859 square kilometers of the original state's area of 222,236 square kilometers was occupied by Pakistan and China.
2. It discusses the Instrument of Accession signed in 1947, as well as subsequent UN and Jammu and Kashmir Assembly resolutions related to the region.
3. It notes that only 5 out of the state's 22 districts are currently disturbed, with the Kashmir Valley being the most ethnically diverse and politically sensitive area.
Kashmir - An Issue without solution
Kashmir has been a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947. It began when the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir did not join either country after the partition of British India. India controls 39,127 square miles of Kashmir while Pakistan controls 33,145 square miles. The dispute is fueled by both countries' claims over the region based on its history and the religious affiliations of Kashmiris. Despite UN resolutions calling for a referendum, the conflict has continued with human rights abuses reported and tensions occasionally flaring into violence along the Line of Control.
Kashmir Issue
An explanation of The hot and happening Kashmir issue. A dispute dated 60 years back between two arch rivals and nuclear entities.
Pakistan Geographical Location - Pakistan Strategic Worth
Pakistan Geography Location Analysis
Final Presentation #UCP
Pakistan (/ˈpækɪstæn/ (About this sound listen) or /pɑːkɪˈstɑːn/ (About this sound listen); Urdu: پاکستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان), is a country in South Asia and on junction of West Asia, Central Asia and East Asia. It is the fifth-most populous country with a population exceeding 207.77 million people.[17] In terms of area, it is the 33rd-largest country spanning 881,913 square kilometres (340,509 square miles). Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650-mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and its Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China in the far northeast, respectively. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the north-west, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.
The territory that constitutes Pakistan is considered a cradle of civilisation[24][25][26][27][28] that was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including Hindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols, Afghans, and Sikhs. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Alexander III of Macedon, the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Afghan Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire (partially), and most recently, the British Empire.
Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries in that it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam.[29][30] As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent homeland for Indian Muslims.[31] It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. An ethnic civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh. In 1973 Pakistan adopted a new constitution establishing, alongside its pre-existing parliamentary republic status, a federal government based in Islamabad consisting of four provinces and four federal territories. The new constitution also stipulated that all laws were to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah.[32]
The kashmir conflict
The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and Kashmiri insurgent groups. Kashmir was a princely state under British rule that was majority Muslim. In 1947, as Britain withdrew from India, the Maharaja signed an Instrument of Accession to join India. Pakistan disputes this, and the first war over Kashmir broke out. The conflict has continued through alternating periods of violence and peace over control of the region and Kashmiri self-determination. Recent elections in Kashmir have seen higher voter turnout, suggesting growing acceptance of Indian rule.
A historical and political perspective of Kashmir issue
Presentation is about History of kashmir issues.
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Foreign Policy of Pakistan
Pakistan has diplomatic relationships with several countries based on mutual interests and objectives. Its foreign policy aims to protect national security, territorial integrity, and political sovereignty. Key aspects of Pakistan's foreign policy include sovereignty, national interests, and peaceful cooperation. Major foreign policy agencies include the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and intelligence services. Pakistan maintains relationships with neighboring countries like Iran, Afghanistan, India, China, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey as well as allies like the United States.
marathas,
The Carnatic Wars were a series of conflicts fought between the British East India Company and the French East India Company in India between 1744-1763. The wars were really an extension of ongoing conflicts between Britain and France in Europe during the 18th century. The battles were fought for control of the Carnatic region of India and resulted in British domination over French interests in India, paving the way for Britain to establish control over the subcontinent.
Kashmir Ppt
We respect views of all those wanting peace and prosperity for humanity entangled in these troubled times. We from the country known as the Cradle of the World Civilization appeal to all and sundry to also respect our views and culture instead of blasting off the mines and minds of innocent peoples.
Amidst all this, Pakistan wants India to "solve the Kashmir Issue", without addressing the core question - who drove away, threatened, killed the original residents of Kashmir the Kashmiri Pandits from Kashmir? Where are they now? Who controls their property in Kashmir? Why are the Muslim majority in Kashmir increasingly demanding freedom from India when it has always been part of India... These are vital questions that needs answeres... and then there are practical reasons too, why Kashmir must stay with India
Presentation4
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 was fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu. On October 22nd, 1947, Muslim tribal militias crossed into Kashmir from Pakistan, claiming to suppress a rebellion. The ruler of Kashmir signed an Instrument of Accession to India in exchange for military aid. Indian troops were airlifted to Srinagar and defeated the invading forces. The war involved attacks and counterattacks along the ceasefire line, with both sides gaining and losing territory until a UN-mediated ceasefire took effect in January 1949. The ceasefire line later became the Line of Control dividing Kashmir between India and Pakistan.
Kashmir conflict
Conflict Resolution
International Relations
Human Rights
Views
Causes
Consequences
Future Prediction
Conclusion
Mountains of Pakistan | by M.Hassaan Anjum
Pakistan has an extensive mountain range that includes some of the highest peaks in the world. There are three main mountain ranges: the Karakoram range, which contains K2 the second highest mountain; the Himalayas, along the Indian border containing over 100 peaks over 7,200 meters; and the Hindu Kush range along the Afghan border. Pakistan is a center of mountain climbing and geology due to its many high peaks and ranges.
Kashmir Conflict
The document discusses the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan from different perspectives. It provides background on the princely state of Kashmir and how it became part of India via an Instrument of Accession signed by its ruler. India sees Kashmir as an integral part of India based on this document, while Pakistan disputes the circumstances around its signing. Both countries have fought multiple wars over the region and continue to disagree on its status and governance. The document also notes China's claims to parts of Kashmir and outlines contentious policies like Article 370 and AFSPA that have fueled local unrest. It concludes by advocating for greater UN involvement to restore peace and respect for human rights in the disputed region.
Kashmir
Romela Zaynab is a Digital Marketing Author, Speaker, Trainer and Consultant. She blogs about Education, Motivation Freelancing, and Digital Marketing at romelazaynab.com
Kashmir issue
The document summarizes the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. It provides geographical and historical context, describing Kashmir as a disputed region with a Muslim majority population administered in parts by India, Pakistan, and China. It outlines the wars fought between India and Pakistan over Kashmir in 1947-1948, 1965, and 1971. The current situation involves ongoing violence and civilian casualties, with India accused of human rights violations. Both countries claim Kashmir but have been urged to resolve the dispute bilaterally through negotiations.
Kashmir issue
This document provides an overview of the Kashmir conflict between India, Pakistan, and China over control of the Kashmir region. It discusses how Kashmir is divided between the three countries, with India controlling Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh, Pakistan controlling Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and China controlling parts of Ladakh. The population of the Indian-controlled region is predominantly Muslim. The document traces the history of control over Kashmir and discusses the ongoing dispute and conflict between India and Pakistan over control of the region.
Early problems of pakistan
This Powerpoint slide is about the problems of Pakistan faced soon after the Independence.Here are These 15 major Problems.
Indo pak conflicts
The document discusses the top 10 reasons for the long-standing conflict between India and Pakistan since their formation as independent states in 1947. The key reasons include the partition which displaced millions, the disputed territory of Kashmir, and the wars fought between the two countries over Kashmir in 1947-48, 1965, 1971 and 1999. The conflict has been exacerbated by both countries developing nuclear weapons capability. The issue of Kashmir remains unresolved and is the fundamental cause of tensions between India and Pakistan.
Jammu and Kashmir Problems and Solutions
This document discusses Jammu and Kashmir, providing historical context and perspectives on the Kashmir issue. It outlines the region's history under various rulers from ancient times through the partition of India in 1947. It notes that Jammu and Kashmir formally acceded to India through an instrument of accession signed on October 26, 1947. However, the issue was later internationalized and taken up by the UN, leading to the line of control. The document decodes common myths and argues that Kashmir has long been integrated with Indian culture and the issue is one of nationality, not religion. It calls for full integration of Jammu and Kashmir into India by scrapping Article 370.
pakistan and india relation till 1947 to 2016
The document summarizes the history of relations between India and Pakistan since their partition in 1947. It discusses key events and disputes that have strained relations such as the partition of British India, the Kashmir dispute, several Indo-Pakistan wars, and ongoing tensions over terrorism. While the two countries have had hostile relations for decades, they have also attempted negotiations and agreements to reduce tensions, such as the Simla Agreement and later composite dialogue processes.
Pakistan studies for class 9th Notes
Chapter #2
Ideology of Pakistan.
According to New Syllabus Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board Peshawar.
Jammu and kashmir geography - prospects and impediments.
The document discusses the geography of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India. It outlines some key physical features of J&K, including its location in northern India and its varied terrain. It then discusses some impediments to development posed by J&K's geography, such as remoteness, lack of connectivity, and susceptibility to natural disasters. Finally, it outlines some prospects for J&K's development through hydropower, tourism, horticulture, and other industries that capitalize on local resources.
Overview of Jammu & Kashmir India
The document provides historical context and details regarding the region of Jammu and Kashmir:
1. It outlines the changing territorial control of the region between India, Pakistan, and China since 1947. As of 2011, approximately 120,859 square kilometers of the original state's area of 222,236 square kilometers was occupied by Pakistan and China.
2. It discusses the Instrument of Accession signed in 1947, as well as subsequent UN and Jammu and Kashmir Assembly resolutions related to the region.
3. It notes that only 5 out of the state's 22 districts are currently disturbed, with the Kashmir Valley being the most ethnically diverse and politically sensitive area.
Kashmir - An Issue without solution
Kashmir has been a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947. It began when the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir did not join either country after the partition of British India. India controls 39,127 square miles of Kashmir while Pakistan controls 33,145 square miles. The dispute is fueled by both countries' claims over the region based on its history and the religious affiliations of Kashmiris. Despite UN resolutions calling for a referendum, the conflict has continued with human rights abuses reported and tensions occasionally flaring into violence along the Line of Control.
Kashmir Issue
An explanation of The hot and happening Kashmir issue. A dispute dated 60 years back between two arch rivals and nuclear entities.
Pakistan Geographical Location - Pakistan Strategic Worth
Pakistan Geography Location Analysis
Final Presentation #UCP
Pakistan (/ˈpækɪstæn/ (About this sound listen) or /pɑːkɪˈstɑːn/ (About this sound listen); Urdu: پاکستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان), is a country in South Asia and on junction of West Asia, Central Asia and East Asia. It is the fifth-most populous country with a population exceeding 207.77 million people.[17] In terms of area, it is the 33rd-largest country spanning 881,913 square kilometres (340,509 square miles). Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650-mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and its Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China in the far northeast, respectively. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the north-west, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.
The territory that constitutes Pakistan is considered a cradle of civilisation[24][25][26][27][28] that was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including Hindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols, Afghans, and Sikhs. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Alexander III of Macedon, the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Afghan Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire (partially), and most recently, the British Empire.
Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries in that it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam.[29][30] As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent homeland for Indian Muslims.[31] It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. An ethnic civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh. In 1973 Pakistan adopted a new constitution establishing, alongside its pre-existing parliamentary republic status, a federal government based in Islamabad consisting of four provinces and four federal territories. The new constitution also stipulated that all laws were to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah.[32]
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The kashmir conflict
The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and Kashmiri insurgent groups. Kashmir was a princely state under British rule that was majority Muslim. In 1947, as Britain withdrew from India, the Maharaja signed an Instrument of Accession to join India. Pakistan disputes this, and the first war over Kashmir broke out. The conflict has continued through alternating periods of violence and peace over control of the region and Kashmiri self-determination. Recent elections in Kashmir have seen higher voter turnout, suggesting growing acceptance of Indian rule.
A historical and political perspective of Kashmir issue
Presentation is about History of kashmir issues.
Reorganisation of Jammu & Kashmir
The document summarizes the history of Jammu and Kashmir from 1947 onwards. It discusses how the princely state's Hindu ruler initially wanted to remain independent but faced a revolt from Muslim subjects and an invasion by Pakistani tribesmen. He then signed an Instrument of Accession joining India in 1947. The document outlines the special autonomous status granted to Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 and 35A of the Indian constitution. It traces the politics in the state over subsequent decades, periods of insurgency, and India's decision in 2019 to revoke Article 370 and bifurcate the state into two union territories.
Kashmir Issues Pak St Final.pptx
This document provides an overview of the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan in 6 sections. It discusses: (1) how the conflict started over the ruler's decision to join India after Partition; (2) the wars fought between India and Pakistan over Kashmir; (3) human rights violations against Kashmiris; (4) the roles of international organizations like the UN and OIC; and (6) concludes that Kashmiris should determine the region's status and resolving this conflict is important for South Asian peace and prosperity.
Kashmir conflict
Presentation on the causes of conflicts that leads to the current scenarios in Kashmir and also talking briefly about the other side of Kashmir which is very beautiful
Kashmir
The document provides a brief history of the Kashmir region, beginning with its inclusion in the Mauryan Empire and later rule by various Hindu dynasties, Sultanate of Kashmir, Mughals, Afghans, and Sikhs. At partition of India in 1947, the Maharaja of Kashmir wanted to remain neutral but faced a rebellion and invasion by Pakistan, leading to accession to India. This sparked the first India-Pakistan war over Kashmir. The UN called for withdrawal of forces and plebiscite that never materialized due to Pakistan not withdrawing. The region has remained disputed ever since, with the Line of Control established in 1972 and ongoing tensions, violence and Indian control.
Kashmir
The document provides background on the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan. It discusses how Kashmir was historically independent but acceded to India in 1947 after partition. This led to the first war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir. A ceasefire split the region in half, with India controlling 65% and Pakistan the rest. Subsequent wars and political developments eroded Kashmiri trust in Indian governance. India and the US began viewing the Kashmiri resistance through the lens of Islamic extremism.
Political studies
The Indian Independence Act of 1947 officially ended British rule in India and partitioned British India into two new independent dominions - India and Pakistan. The Act received royal assent on July 18, 1947 and took effect on August 15, 1947. It established the offices of governor-general in the new dominions and gave legislative authority to their respective constituent assemblies to draft new constitutions. The Act also made the princely states independent and allowed them to join either India or Pakistan. It formally ended British sovereignty over India and abolished the title of Emperor of India.
Presented by hassan raza
The Indian Independence Act of 1947 legally partitioned British India into two new independent dominions - India and Pakistan. It transferred power to the new governments on August 15, 1947, ending over 300 years of British rule in India. The Act was passed in July 1947 after the acceptance of the June 3rd Mountbatten Plan, which divided British India along religious lines into Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan.
Introduction to history of jammu and kashmir
it will give you the perfect time line of how jammu and kashmir was made and what were the steps that were taken to free J & K from article 370
PPT ON DOGRA RULE IN KASHMIR
The document analyzes the geopolitical significance of Kashmir's accession under Dogra rule. It discusses how the boundaries of Kashmir were extended under Maharaja Gulab Singh with British help. It examines how British interference in Kashmir's administration increased after Gulab Singh's death. The objectives are to analyze how Dogra rulers politically integrated Kashmir and how British made Kashmir part of India, causing ongoing tensions. The methodology uses analytical and descriptive approaches analyzing secondary sources like books, articles and gazettes.
Kashmir issue
The report discusses the Kashmir issue between India and Pakistan. It provides a history of Kashmir from its sale to Maharaja Gulab Singh in 1846 to the abrogation of Article 370 in 2019. It describes the political events that led to the partition of Kashmir in 1947 and the first Indo-Pak war. It discusses the role of the UN in attempting to resolve the dispute through resolutions calling for a plebiscite. However, the UN has failed to bring peace due to rejection of resolutions by both countries. The abrogation of Article 370 has created restrictions on mobility, communication blockade, disruption of government services and education in Kashmir.
Article 370
The document discusses Articles 370 and 35A of the Indian constitution regarding the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. Article 370 granted Jammu and Kashmir autonomy over internal administration and allowed it to have its own constitution and flag. Article 35A granted special rights and privileges to permanent residents of Jammu and Kashmir. In August 2019, the government revoked Article 370 through a Presidential order and Parliamentary resolution, removing the special status and making Jammu and Kashmir union territories directly ruled by the central government.
Kashmir issue
Pakistan claims Jammu and Kashmir based on its majority Muslim population, whereas China claims the Shaksam Valley and Aksai Chin. The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan, having started just after the partition of India in 1947. ... The present conflict is in Kashmir Valley
Indian independence act
The document discusses the Indian Independence Act of 1947 and the birth of the Indian constitution. It provides context around the history of British rule in India and the process of independence. The Act established two new independent dominions - India and Pakistan - and ended British paramountcy. It also discussed the constitutional positions of princely states and the formation of the constituent assembly to draft the Indian constitution.
7. Emergence of Pakistan.pdf
The document summarizes key aspects of the emergence of Pakistan, including the 3rd June Plan (Partition Plan) announced by Lord Mountbatten in 1947. The plan divided British India into two parts - India and Pakistan. It established a boundary commission headed by Sir Cyril Radcliffe to draw the borders. On August 17th, 1947, the commission submitted its partition map. The British Parliament then passed the Indian Independence Act of 1947 on July 18th, which formally established the two independent dominions of India and Pakistan from August 15th, 1947, ending British rule over India.
chakma_kashmir_conflict
This document provides background information on the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. It summarizes the key events in the conflict's history from 1846 to present day, including the partition of British India in 1947 that led to disputes over Kashmir's status and ownership. The main actors involved - India, Pakistan, and Kashmiri people - have incompatible goals regarding Kashmir's status. Deep-rooted hostility between India and Pakistan, as well as division along ethnic lines between Hindus and Muslims, have made the conflict particularly intractable and prolonged.
Int,khasi.states
The Khasi states consisted of 25 princely states during British rule. In 1947, most Khasi chiefs signed the Instrument of Accession to join the Indian Union. However, a few chiefs were reluctant to sign. The Government of India put pressure on the remaining chiefs, and by March 1948 all had signed. This allowed the Khasi states to be formally integrated into the Indian Union. However, the integration process caused resentment among some communities who wanted greater autonomy. In 1972, the Khasi states were granted statehood as Meghalaya to better address the political aspirations of the ethnic groups in the region.
kashmir-131112074611-phpapp01 (1).pdf
The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and China. After partition in 1947, the ruler of Kashmir signed an instrument of accession joining India amid an invasion by Pakistani tribesmen. This led to the first Indo-Pakistani war and division of Kashmir along the Line of Control. Subsequent wars and agreements have failed to resolve the dispute, and infiltration of militants from Pakistan has led to ongoing tensions and violence in the region.
04092023_First India Jaipur.pdf
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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A historical and political perspective of Kashmir issue
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LiteraryContributionOfJammu&Kashmir
What is Literature?
Literature broadly is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include oral literature, much of which has been transcribed. Literature is a method of recording, preserving, and transmitting knowledge and entertainment, and can also have a social, psychological, spiritual, or political role.
Literature Of Jammu & Kashmir
The literature of Kashmir dates back to many centuries and it revolves mainly around three languages, Sanskrit, Persian, and Kashmiri besides Urdu, Hindi, and other languages.
Jammu Kashmir has a very rich literary history as it has contributed a lot to the field of literature and produced eminent poets and writers. Works of Kashmiri writers have been accolade internationally.
The dawn of Kashmiri literature started 2500 years back when it started with Sanskrit and other languages. However, original literature in the Kashmiri language started 750 years ago.
The literature began with the work of
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ShitiKanth’s prime work Mahayana Prakash is a graceful composition.
It was written in Twelfth-Century and consists of 94 lakhs each followed by translation and explanation in Sanskrit.
The greatest poet of the Kashmiri language so far is LalDed. She is the most abiding influence on Kashmiri literature.
She and her contemporary, Sheikh Noor-ud-Din Noorani have become famous literary icons in Kashmir. People have engulfed them in a great moss of myth and legend.
Sheikh was a missionary who used poetry as a medium of individual and social reform. Another rhetorical poetess, who used to sing her own verse, was HabbaKhaatoon, the wife of Mughal Emperor Yousuf Shah Chak.
Kashmir has a rich legacy of literary writers who contributed a lot to the world of literature. The following list of poets who accolade globally and won many awards.
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Kashmir after 1947
- 3. What happened to Kashmir (1846-1947) From 1846 till the 1947 partition of India, Kashmir was ruled by maharajas of Gulab Singh’s dynasty, as a princely state under British Paramountcy. Despite its Muslim majority, the princely rule was an overwhelmingly a Hindu- dominated state.
- 4. Who invaded Kashmir in 1947 The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948, sometimes known as the First Kashmir War, was fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1947 to 1948. It was the first of four Indo-PakistanWars fought between the two newly independent nations.
- 5. 22 October 1947 22 October 1947 is considered as the starting date of The Kashmir Issue. The conflict started after the partition of India in 1947 as both India and Pakistan claimed the entirety of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir with Pakistan recognizing Chinese sovereignty over theTrans- KarakoramTract and Aksai Chin since 1963.
- 6. After
- 7. What is the cause forThe transformation of Jammu & Kashmir into a union territory Unrest and violence persisted in the KashmiriValley and, following a disputed state election in 1987, an insurgency persisted in protest over autonomy and rights. ... At the same time, a reorganization act was also passed, which would reconstitute the state into two union territories, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.
- 8. Why was article 370 revoked? In April 2018, the Supreme Court of India ruled that Article 370 had attained permanency since the state constituent assembly has ceased to exist.To overcome this legal challenge, the Indian government instead rendered Article 370 as 'inoperative' even though it still exists in the constitution.
- 9. When was the Article 370 revoked? On 5 August 2019, the Government of India revoked the special status, or limited autonomy, granted under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution to Jammu and Kashmir—a region administered by India as a state which consists of the larger part of Kashmir which has been the subject of dispute among India, Pakistan, and China since 1947.
- 10. Transformation of the Flag
- 11. A Map of disrupted Kashmir A map of the disputed Kashmir region showing the Indian-administered region in yellow. Jammu and Kashmir is roughly the left half of this region. Pakistani-administered Kashmir is shown in green, and Chinese-administered Kashmir in brown.