The India-Kashmir conflict began after the partition of India in 1947 over the region of Kashmir. Both India and Pakistan claimed sovereignty over all of Kashmir. The first war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir occurred from 1947-1948, and the second war was in 1965, but neither resolved the dispute over control of Kashmir. The conflict continues as neither country wants an independent Kashmir, but the Kashmiri people overwhelmingly favor independence over being ruled by either India or Pakistan. The United Nations has played a limited role in negotiating ceasefires but has not resolved the long-standing territorial dispute.

1. India Kashmir Conflict
PRESENTED BY:
AMEN JOY GULZAR
KHIZRA ALI
AMNA PERVAIZ
MUNIB AHMED BUTT

2. What is India Kashmir conflict
 The India Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict over the Kashmir region, primarily
between India and Pakistan.
 The Conflict started after the partition of India in 1947 as both India and Pakistan
claimed the entirety of state Jammu and Kashmir.

3. History of Kashmir:
 Ruler of Kashmir at the time of 1947 was Maharaja hari singh
 The first Kashmir war was fought between India and Pakistan over the state of
Jammu and Kashmir from 1947 to 1948.
 The 1965 war between India and Pakistan was the second conflict between the
two countries over the status of the state Jammu and Kashmir
 The clash didn’t resolve dispute

4. The Conflict:
 The Conflict between India and Pakistan is that who should control Kashmir?
 Neither country wants Kashmir to become independent.
 After the partition the area where Muslims were majority became Pakistan but the
Hindus got India.
 Kashmir had its choice which country it would belong to but the ruler of Kashmir
was Hindu but the majority of Kashmir were Muslims.

5. Why does it matter to control Kashmir
 Kashmir is important to both countries in many ways.
 The area is rich in natural resources
 The biggest rivers in India have their origin in the area so it is important for
agriculture and water sources.

6. What Kashmiris Want

7. Geography
 Border by Afghanistan, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, India
and China
 Contains about 85000 square of land
 Mountainous, Populated region
 Currently Kashmir is divided into three region: one
control by India, one control by Pakistan and one
control by china

8. Pictures of Kashmir

9. Kashmiri Protests

11. Census and Population
 As per details from Census 2011, Jammu and Kashmir has population of 1.25
Crores, an increase from figure of 1.01 Crore in 2001 census.
Year Projected Population
2018 14,421,819 1.44 Crore
2019 14,689,775 1.47 Crore
2020 14,957,251 1.50 Crore
2021 15,224,150 1.52 Crore

12. Causes
 Religion intolerance (anti cow slaughter)
 Culture differences
 Mosque attack
 Home destruction
 India, which is mostly Hindu, and Pakistan, which is mostly Muslims, are once
again on the brink of war over the disputed region of Kashmir. Both nations have
nuclear weapons. Hindu-Muslims, though.

13. Indians Position
 The accession of Kashmir to India is legally indisputable
 Religion is irrelevant in determining control of Kashmir a large Muslim community
supported the accession of Kashmir to India
 The Pakistan sponsorship of terrorism in Kashmir disrupts the democratic process
in the region
 International intervention is out of the question, as Kashmir is strictly India's affair

14. Pakistan position
 Kashmir rightfully belongs to Pakistan due to their religious and economic ties
 Pakistan does not provide material aid to any terrorists or insurgents in Kashmir
 In accordance with the UN security council, Pakistan consider India’s claim to
Kashmir invalid
 The Kashmiri people should be allowed to choose between Pakistani and Indian
control through a plebiscite

15. Kashmir position
 Kashmir overwhelmingly favor independence
 A poll conducted in the Kashmiri capital of Srinagar in 2007 revealed that 87% of
Kashmir desire independence 7% favor Indian rule, and 3% prefer Pakistani control
 Kashmiris oppose Indian rule due to the restrictions places on them by Indian
security forces and alleged human right abuses by the indian government.

16. United Nations Involvement
 The united Nations has played only a minor role in the Kashmir conflict so far
 UN involvement has been limited to ceasefire negotiations and an attempted
plebiscite

17. UN-Brokered ceasefires
 During the 1948 Indo-Pakistani War, the UN security council passes Resolutions 39
and 47, establishing the creation of a United Nations commissions on India and
Pakistan (UNCIP)
 UNCIP then passes resolutions calling for a ceasefire across the line of control
 The security Council also brokered a Ceasefire in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
and enforced it with Resolution 211

18. Impacts
 Muslim communities are facing discrimination (in employment, education, and
encountered barriers to achieving wealth and political power)
 They cannot practice their religious right freely

19. Conclusion
 Both countries India and Pakistan want Kashmir to be part of their land or country.
 But Kashmiri don’t want to be the part of any country they want separate identity
and homeland.