Creating a PowerPoint presentation on the "Types of Electric Vehicles" can be a useful way to educate your audience about the various electric vehicle (EV) technologies available. Here's a short description for each type of electric vehicle that you can include in your presentation:
Slide 1: Title
Title: "Types of Electric Vehicles"
Slide 2: Introduction
Briefly introduce the topic and its importance.
Mention the environmental and economic benefits of electric vehicles.
Slide 3: Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)
Describe BEVs as vehicles that run solely on electric power.
Highlight their zero-emission nature.
Mention examples like Tesla Model 3 and Nissan Leaf.
Slide 4: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
Explain PHEVs as vehicles that combine an electric motor and an internal combustion engine.
Emphasize their ability to drive on electric power and gasoline.
Mention examples like the Chevrolet Volt.
Slide 5: Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)
Define HEVs as vehicles with both an electric motor and an internal combustion engine.
Explain how they use regenerative braking to charge the battery.
Mention examples like the Toyota Prius.
Slide 6: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)
Describe FCEVs as vehicles that use hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity to power the electric motor.
Emphasize their zero-emission nature and fast refueling times.
Mention examples like the Toyota Mirai.
Slide 7: E-Bikes and E-Scooters
Explain that electric bicycles (e-bikes) and electric scooters (e-scooters) are becoming popular forms of electric mobility.
Discuss their role in last-mile transportation.
Slide 8: Commercial Electric Vehicles
Mention electric buses, trucks, and delivery vans.
Explain how commercial EVs contribute to reducing emissions in urban areas.
Slide 9: Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure
Highlight the importance of charging infrastructure for EV adoption.
Discuss the types of chargers (Level 1, Level 2, DC fast chargers).
Slide 10: Government Incentives
Explain government incentives and subsidies for electric vehicle adoption.
Mention tax credits, rebates, and other benefits.
Slide 11: Environmental Benefits
Discuss how electric vehicles contribute to reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
Highlight the positive impact on local air quality.
Slide 12: Cost of Ownership
Compare the total cost of ownership of electric vehicles to traditional gasoline vehicles.
Mention savings on fuel and maintenance.
Slide 13: Challenges and Future Outlook
Address challenges such as range anxiety, charging infrastructure gaps, and battery disposal.
Discuss the future outlook of electric vehicles and advancements in technology.
Slide 14: Conclusion
Hello Folks,
I have shared my presentation on electric vehicles that i have prepared for my final year seminar and presented it to more than 300 peoples including HOD, Assistant professor, mechanical faculties. I took overall 10 minutes to elaborate every topic excluding Q&A session. In the modern era, the conventional vehicles are becoming obsolete gradually because of its hazardous emission and low efficiency. The Electric vehicles are the future. The contents of this ppt is gathered from the daily learning and some are taken directly from the company posts,
Any kind of discussion is open.
I have been working independently in manufacturing electric vehicles from quite a time, the market is still evolving in India for electric vehicles with an aim to reach a mark of around 90% electric vehicles running on road in proportion to total vehicles. A lot of advancements have been made regarding the same and i have compiled some of my observations in this presentation. Hope you like it and do discuss what you feel about the new evolving market in India.
Creating a PowerPoint presentation on the "Types of Electric Vehicles" can be a useful way to educate your audience about the various electric vehicle (EV) technologies available. Here's a short description for each type of electric vehicle that you can include in your presentation:
Slide 1: Title
Title: "Types of Electric Vehicles"
Slide 2: Introduction
Briefly introduce the topic and its importance.
Mention the environmental and economic benefits of electric vehicles.
Slide 3: Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)
Describe BEVs as vehicles that run solely on electric power.
Highlight their zero-emission nature.
Mention examples like Tesla Model 3 and Nissan Leaf.
Slide 4: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
Explain PHEVs as vehicles that combine an electric motor and an internal combustion engine.
Emphasize their ability to drive on electric power and gasoline.
Mention examples like the Chevrolet Volt.
Slide 5: Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)
Define HEVs as vehicles with both an electric motor and an internal combustion engine.
Explain how they use regenerative braking to charge the battery.
Mention examples like the Toyota Prius.
Slide 6: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)
Describe FCEVs as vehicles that use hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity to power the electric motor.
Emphasize their zero-emission nature and fast refueling times.
Mention examples like the Toyota Mirai.
Slide 7: E-Bikes and E-Scooters
Explain that electric bicycles (e-bikes) and electric scooters (e-scooters) are becoming popular forms of electric mobility.
Discuss their role in last-mile transportation.
Slide 8: Commercial Electric Vehicles
Mention electric buses, trucks, and delivery vans.
Explain how commercial EVs contribute to reducing emissions in urban areas.
Slide 9: Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure
Highlight the importance of charging infrastructure for EV adoption.
Discuss the types of chargers (Level 1, Level 2, DC fast chargers).
Slide 10: Government Incentives
Explain government incentives and subsidies for electric vehicle adoption.
Mention tax credits, rebates, and other benefits.
Slide 11: Environmental Benefits
Discuss how electric vehicles contribute to reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
Highlight the positive impact on local air quality.
Slide 12: Cost of Ownership
Compare the total cost of ownership of electric vehicles to traditional gasoline vehicles.
Mention savings on fuel and maintenance.
Slide 13: Challenges and Future Outlook
Address challenges such as range anxiety, charging infrastructure gaps, and battery disposal.
Discuss the future outlook of electric vehicles and advancements in technology.
Slide 14: Conclusion
Hello Folks,
I have shared my presentation on electric vehicles that i have prepared for my final year seminar and presented it to more than 300 peoples including HOD, Assistant professor, mechanical faculties. I took overall 10 minutes to elaborate every topic excluding Q&A session. In the modern era, the conventional vehicles are becoming obsolete gradually because of its hazardous emission and low efficiency. The Electric vehicles are the future. The contents of this ppt is gathered from the daily learning and some are taken directly from the company posts,
Any kind of discussion is open.
I have been working independently in manufacturing electric vehicles from quite a time, the market is still evolving in India for electric vehicles with an aim to reach a mark of around 90% electric vehicles running on road in proportion to total vehicles. A lot of advancements have been made regarding the same and i have compiled some of my observations in this presentation. Hope you like it and do discuss what you feel about the new evolving market in India.
Have you pulled your car up to the gas/petrol pump lately and been shocked by the high
price of gasoline? As the pump clicked past Rs1400 or 1500, maybe you thought about
trading in that SUV for something that gets better mileage. Or maybe you are worried
that your car is contributing to the greenhouse effect. Or maybe you just want to have
the coolest car on the block. Currently, there is a solution for all this problems, it's the
hybrid electric vehicle.
The vehicle is lighter and roomier than a purely electric vehicle, because there is less
need to carry as many heavy batteries. The internal combustion engine in hybrid-electric
is much smaller and lighter and more efficient than the engine in a conventional vehicle.
In fact, most automobile manufacturers have announced plans to manufacture their own
hybrid versions. Hybrid electric vehicles are all around us. Most of the locomotives we
see pulling trains are diesel-electric hybrids. Cities like Seattle have diesel-electric
buses -- these can draw electric power from overhead wires or run on diesel when they
are away from the wires. Giant mining trucks are often diesel-electric hybrids.
Submarines are also hybrid vehicles -- some are nuclear-electric and some are dieselelectric. Any vehicle that combines two or more sources of power that can directly or
indirectly provide propulsion power is a hybrid.
BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) PPTPranav Mistry
Presentation done on subject of BEV ( Battery Operated Electrical Vehicles) at ARAI ( Automobile Research Association Of India ,Pune) on 4 Th December .2019
An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases. Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation automobile, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Though the concept of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and other environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.
An EV is a shortened acronym for an electric vehicle. EVs are vehicles that are either partially or fully powered on electric power. Electric vehicles have low running costs as they have fewer moving parts for maintenance and also very environmentally friendly as they use little or no fossil fuels (petrol or diesel).
Detailed presentation on the basics of an electric vehicle, comparison of different motors for EV application, comparison of different batteries for EV application, Charging infrastructure for EV in India and a brief on BMS(Battery Management System).
We started with various kind of frictional forces which are projected to bicycle during the run. Then after we calculate approx motor power t which needed to drive the bicycle. We used BLDC motor as a hub drive and connect it in the front wheel of the bicycle. We use lithium-ion battery cells and by connecting them in series-parallel, we made a 36V, 13.2 Ah battery pack. We also connect BMS(Battery Management System) which protects the battery pack from over-charging and over-discharging kind of faults. Top speed of the bicycle is 35kmph and the distance traveled on a single charge is up to 35 to 40km.
Contents of this presenation entitled 'Introduction of different Energy storage systems used in Electric & Hybrid vehicles' is useful for beginners and students
The system that delivers electricity to private citizens and companies across the country is highly complex. While electricity is an omnipresent and crucial part of our everyday economy, understanding this system and all its associated phenomena is not easy, sometimes even for trained electrical engineers. In such a case, a good analogy often helps to form a better idea of how things work. We have chosen to compare the electrical system with a tandem bicycle to explain a few of its aspects.
Have you pulled your car up to the gas/petrol pump lately and been shocked by the high
price of gasoline? As the pump clicked past Rs1400 or 1500, maybe you thought about
trading in that SUV for something that gets better mileage. Or maybe you are worried
that your car is contributing to the greenhouse effect. Or maybe you just want to have
the coolest car on the block. Currently, there is a solution for all this problems, it's the
hybrid electric vehicle.
The vehicle is lighter and roomier than a purely electric vehicle, because there is less
need to carry as many heavy batteries. The internal combustion engine in hybrid-electric
is much smaller and lighter and more efficient than the engine in a conventional vehicle.
In fact, most automobile manufacturers have announced plans to manufacture their own
hybrid versions. Hybrid electric vehicles are all around us. Most of the locomotives we
see pulling trains are diesel-electric hybrids. Cities like Seattle have diesel-electric
buses -- these can draw electric power from overhead wires or run on diesel when they
are away from the wires. Giant mining trucks are often diesel-electric hybrids.
Submarines are also hybrid vehicles -- some are nuclear-electric and some are dieselelectric. Any vehicle that combines two or more sources of power that can directly or
indirectly provide propulsion power is a hybrid.
BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) PPTPranav Mistry
Presentation done on subject of BEV ( Battery Operated Electrical Vehicles) at ARAI ( Automobile Research Association Of India ,Pune) on 4 Th December .2019
An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases. Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation automobile, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Though the concept of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and other environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.
An EV is a shortened acronym for an electric vehicle. EVs are vehicles that are either partially or fully powered on electric power. Electric vehicles have low running costs as they have fewer moving parts for maintenance and also very environmentally friendly as they use little or no fossil fuels (petrol or diesel).
Detailed presentation on the basics of an electric vehicle, comparison of different motors for EV application, comparison of different batteries for EV application, Charging infrastructure for EV in India and a brief on BMS(Battery Management System).
We started with various kind of frictional forces which are projected to bicycle during the run. Then after we calculate approx motor power t which needed to drive the bicycle. We used BLDC motor as a hub drive and connect it in the front wheel of the bicycle. We use lithium-ion battery cells and by connecting them in series-parallel, we made a 36V, 13.2 Ah battery pack. We also connect BMS(Battery Management System) which protects the battery pack from over-charging and over-discharging kind of faults. Top speed of the bicycle is 35kmph and the distance traveled on a single charge is up to 35 to 40km.
Contents of this presenation entitled 'Introduction of different Energy storage systems used in Electric & Hybrid vehicles' is useful for beginners and students
The system that delivers electricity to private citizens and companies across the country is highly complex. While electricity is an omnipresent and crucial part of our everyday economy, understanding this system and all its associated phenomena is not easy, sometimes even for trained electrical engineers. In such a case, a good analogy often helps to form a better idea of how things work. We have chosen to compare the electrical system with a tandem bicycle to explain a few of its aspects.
Following their first report on the supply side of the market in Germany, around a year and a half ago, mod21 and Greenfinder have now turned their attention to the whole of Europe, flagging up market developments, and revealing changes in market structure and model characteristics in distinct user categories such as city, trekking and mountain bikes.
This market report is modular in its format, so it offers you the opportunity to gain information selectively, subject by subject.
Power Factor is a measure of how efficiently electrical power is consumed. In the ideal world Power Factor would be unity (or 1). Unfortunately in the real world Power Factor is reduced by highly inductive loads to 0.7 or less. This induction is caused by equipment such as lightly loaded electric motors and fluorescent lighting ballasts and welding sets, etc. Three phase power factor can be corrected using different approaches like sine wave control, vector control, single cycle control or Vienne Bridge Rectifier.
Connected Mobility: The Digitalization PerspectiveSteffen Schaefer
Städte wie München und Stuttgart verzeichnen einen Rückgang von privatem PKW-Besitz, besonders unter jungen Bevölkerungsgruppen. Als Ersatz steigt die Nutzung des klassischen ÖPNV; häufig in Kombination mit Car Sharing, Bike Sharing, Ride Sharing oder der Nutzung von Taxis.
Um für den Reisenden die Nutzung zu vereinfachen, werden zunehmend Mobilitätsdienste verschiedener Anbieter miteinander kombiniert. Klassische ÖPNV und Fernverkehrs-Unternehmen bieten heute vielfach auch Car Sharing und Bike Sharing. Mobilitätsdienstleister aus der Automobilindustrie empfehlen im Bedarfsfall intermodale Reiseketten und verkaufen ÖPNV Tickets. Neue Player spezialisieren sich auf ‚Mobility as a Service (MaaS)‘. Es entwickeln sich vernetzte, intermodale Mobilitätsdienste.
Eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt dabei Informations-Technologie oder Digitalisierung: Smartphones und das Internet der Dinge, gepaart mit der Verarbeitung und Bereitstellung von Echtzeitinformation in der Cloud sind Eckpfeiler des ‚Transportation Internet‘. Der Vortrag beleuchtet diese Entwicklungen und berichtet von Erfahrungen bei der Implementierung einer IT Plattform.
Fabrication of Hybrid Petroelectric VehicleIJERA Editor
In automobile sector, the need for alternative fuel as a replacement of conventional fossil fuel, due to its depletion and amount of emission has given way for new technologies like Fuel cells vehicles, Electric vehicles. Still a lot of advancement has to take place in these technologies for commercialization. The gap between the current fossil fuel technology and zero emission vehicles can be bridged by hybrid technology. Hybrid vehicles are those which can run on two or more powering sources/fuels. Feasibility of this technology is been proved in four wheelers and automobile giants like Toyota, Honda, and Hyundai have launched successful vehicles like Toyota prius, Honda insight etc. This technology maximizes the advantages of the two fuels and minimizes the disadvantages of the same. The best preferred hybrid pair is electric and fossil fuel. This increases the mileage of the vehicle twice the existing and also reduces the emission to half. At present, we like to explore the hybrid technology in the two wheeler sector and its feasibility on road. This paper deals with an attempt to make a hybrid with electric start and petrol run. Further a design of basic hybrid elements like motor, battery, and engine. As on today, hybrid products are one of the best solutions for all pollution hazards at a fairly nominal price. An investment within the means of a common man that guarantees a better environment to live in.
In a world where environment protection and energy conversion are growing concerns,the development of solar vehicle has taken on an accele ration pace. The dream of having commercially viable solar vehicle is becoming a rea lity. EV�s are gradually available in the market. This opportunity is taken towards design an d development of Solar two wheeler. Solar vehicle is a multi-disciplinary subject which covers broad and complex aspects. However,it has core technologies,namely propulsio n technology,energy source technology,storage and control technology. As energy source s olar panel is used and developed voltage is stored in battery and used for the drive the hub motor which is used as rare wheel of the vehicle.
Over 90% of traffic accidents are caused by driver error; the safety potential of self – drive is well understood. When traffic accidents become rare, a motorcycle is as safe as an SUV. Vehicle weights could fall to the point that pod-cars weighing less than the riders are the preferred choice in the city. Since 65% of U.S. vehicle miles travelled (VMT) are urban, the ramifications are enormous.
Analysis of Triwheeler for Handicapped PersonIJERA Editor
Solar plays a vital role in day to day life. In this project we have discussed that how solar tri-wheeler will help to reduce the eff ort of handicapped person. All the designs specification considered after analyzing the problems from the handicapped person. Comfort of the person in the tri-wheeler is an important and we have given importance to it. The main content of the tri-wheeler is Solar PV panel, Brushless PMDC motor, Charge controller and battery. In this project we have discuss about the main idea of this project and to get a larger picture on what is the problem in the current technologies, what that we want to achieve in this project and the area that will cover on this project. This project is divided into some categories that are project background to describe the reasons to do this project, problem statement to inform about the problem or weakness of the existing technology, objective to make sure what actually this project must achieve and scope of this project to specify what will be used in this project. In automobile sector, the need for alternative fuel as a replacement of conventional fossil fuel, due to its depletion and amount of emission has given way for new technologies like Electric vehicles. Still a lot of advancement has to take place in these technologies for commercialization. The gap between the current fossil fuel technology and zero emission vehicles can be bridged by this technology. The electrical power is used to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle, better performance and it cause less pollution. Driving mode selectivity improves this system more economical, stable and more efficient..
6.design fabrication and analysis of tri wheeled electric vehicle (2)EditorJST
In daily life we can observe the difficulties of carrying the patients, old people, physically handicapped in public places like airports, railway stations, bus stands, hospitals, college campuses etc. To aid such people we prepared an electric tri-car to ease the task of carrying them. Moreover, it is a multipurpose vehicle to carry pilgrims in pilgrim places, to carry inspection teams in industries, estates or campuses etc. The seating arrangement of this tri-car is such a way that the disabled can easily get into the vehicle and also get down. This tri-car is designed and analyzed with the help of the soft ware called PROE. Then analysis is done in Statistical and Modal Analysis. We modeled and fabricated a tri-car into a three wheeled electric powered vehicle with three seats and can accommodate two pillions and a driver. We designed the vehicle to be propelled by an electric hub motor mounted in the front wheel and powered by 48V Lithium-ion battery.
6.design fabrication and analysis of tri wheeled electric vehicle (2)
kamal seminaar ppt
1. 1
A
Seminar Presentation
On
“Brushless permanent magnet D.C motor
for Electric Bike and impulse charging for their
battery“
submitted
in partial fulfillment
for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
in Electrical Engineering
Supervisor: Submitted By:
Mr. Mayank Ranjan Kamaldeep singh
Asst. Proff.
Department of Electrical Engineering
Sri Balaji Technical Campus, Jaipur
Rajasthan Technical University, Kota
March-2015
2. Introduction
The introduction of the Research contain the following points have been
discussed –
• Why this research is useful?
• Study the literature survey of this research.
• About Ebike
2
3. Pollution
Petrol fumes choke our
atmosphere everyday and brings
new evidence that our appetite for
oil is poisoning the planet. If the
state of affairs is already so bad,
imagine the kind of the world
future generations will inherit.
4. Solution
There is a solution for this –
Electric Vehicles. They run on
batteries, so there is zero
expenditure on petrol and better
still, no air pollution.
Aside from being light
on your pocket and
light on your conscience, the
no-petrol vehicle is easy to use,
light weight and maintenance
free, providing stress free
experience.
The advantages are obvious and the potential is
limited only by your imagination. Clean, Green and
Healthy.
5. 5
1 Research Background
•The recent development of integrated electric drives is closely related to the evolution of smart
motor technologies. However, the development of new motor structures imposes higher
requirements than conventional one.
•Exemplary for vehicles for disabled people, electric bikes or electric scooter. In such a motors
family induction motor and PM could take a Dominating role.
• It wasn’t until 1998 when there were at least 49 different bikes manufactured by various
companies. Production grew from 1993 to 2004 by an estimated 35%.Today, we are planning to
continue on with the concept of the electric bike and look for new ways of making a more
efficient and practical electric bike.
6. What is an Electric Bike?
Fundamentally, an e-bike is just a regular bicycle
with an electric motor to provide additional
assistance. You can pedal normally and just use
the motor to help out on hills and headwinds, or
use the motor all the time just to make riding
easier. The experience is entirely different from
riding say a gas scooter or motorbike. Here the
electric assistance is perfectly smooth and silent,
and it complements rather than supplants human
power.
7. Motor Application
• The proposed the direct drive of electric bicycle, while the brushless
PMDCM is mounted in hub of the ahead wheel of a bicycle has been seen
in Figure. Authors propose, instead classical bike structure where second
wheel is driven, ahead wheel to be driven. This philosophy of wheel
driving gives the manufacturer to assemble such a bike according to the
customer demand. The battery supplying system consists of two lead-acid
accumulators. One part of the electronics control system is mounted on the
handlebar, but the other one is mounted on the front guide fork.
7
10. Batteries in Electric Bikes
• Electric bikes use one of three types of batteries:
1) Lead Acid
2) Nickel Metal Hydride
3) Lithium Ion (Li Ion).
• A typical battery in an electric bike will have
approximately 250W – 500W power.
• 1 types of batteries are explained as follows:
11. Lithium Ion (Li Ion) batteries:
The newest technology in
batteries. They're pretty
comparable to NiMH batteries,
with the exception of these two
differences:
Lithium Ion batteries are a little
bit lighter.
A Lithium Ion battery will last
about 800 full charge cycles
before it needs to be replaced.
12. Impulse Charging
In order to extend the battery working time,
leading to increase the bike travelling distance, the
impulse electric circuit of transferring the energy
coming from induced electromotive forces in DC
motor windings is proposed. The battery charging
goes during the so called generator braking.
13.
14. Approximate expense for 4 years
Electric Bike
29,200km
10Ps for =1 Km= Rs 2,920
Bike Cost = Rs 48,000
Battery cost= Rs 10,000
Total Expense= Rs
60,920
Petrol Bike
29,200 km
584 litre = Rs 47888
Bike Cost = Rs 50,000
Total Expense= Rs
97,888
16. References
1. Zhang Z., Profumo F., Tenconi A,”” Wheels axial flux machines for
electric vehicle applications””, International Conference Electrical
Machines (ICEM’’94), Conference Proceedings, Paris, Sept. 1994.
2. Consoli A, ”“Propulsion Drives for Light Electric Vehicles””,
International Conference Electrical Machines (ICEM’’94), Conference
Proceedings, Paris, Sept. 1994.
3. Wiak S., Welfle H., Kom za K., Mendrela E., ”“Electromagnetic Field
Analysis of Disk-type Induction Motor””,International
ConferenceElectrical Machines (ICEM 98), vol. 2/3, pp. 735-739, 2- 4
September 1998, Istanbul, Turkey
16
17. References
4. Nadolski R., Gaw cki Z., Staszak J. Ludwinek K., “Gearless drive oflight electric
vehicles on the example of the bicycle driven withbrushless DC motor with
three”–phase winding””, 4th International Workshop on Research and Education
in Mechatronics 2003,October 2003, University of Applied Sciences, Bochum,
Germany.
5. Wiak, S., Nadolski, R.: Disc Type Motors for Light Electric Vehicles -Comparative
Study", The First Slovenian - Polish Joint Seminar onComputational and Applied
Electromagnetics, September 10 ’– 12, Maribor, S owenia 2001.
6. Wiak, S., Welfle, H., Nadolski, R.: Static and dynamic states analysis of disc type
motors for light electric vehicles. 15-th International Conference on Electrical
Machines ICEM'2002, 25-28 august 2002, Brugge - Belgium.
7. Wiak S., Nadolski R., Ludwinek K., Gaw cki Z.: DC Permananet Magnet Motor for
Electric Bike and their Impulse System for Battery Charging. 16-th International
Conference on Electrical Machine ICEM'2004, 5-8 September 2004, Cracov .
17
