I have been working independently in manufacturing electric vehicles from quite a time, the market is still evolving in India for electric vehicles with an aim to reach a mark of around 90% electric vehicles running on road in proportion to total vehicles. A lot of advancements have been made regarding the same and i have compiled some of my observations in this presentation. Hope you like it and do discuss what you feel about the new evolving market in India.
The document discusses electric bicycles (e-bikes), including their history, components, types, usage trends, and advantages/disadvantages. E-bikes have integrated electric motors and rechargeable batteries to provide propulsion assistance up to 25-32 km/h depending on local laws. They became popular in the late 1890s and have grown dramatically worldwide since 1998, especially in China and Europe. E-bikes are classified based on how their electric motor power is applied, either through pedal-assistance or throttle control. Their main components are motors, batteries, and controllers.
This document summarizes a student project to design an electric bicycle using CATIA software and 3D printing. It introduces electric bicycles and their advantages over traditional bicycles. The document then provides an overview of CATIA, a 3D CAD software, describing its key capabilities and user interface. It explains how CATIA can be used to create 3D part and assembly models, apply constraints between parts, and integrate design with other applications like finite element analysis. The project aims to leverage CATIA to design an electric bicycle and 3D printing to prototype the design.
We started with various kind of frictional forces which are projected to bicycle during the run. Then after we calculate approx motor power t which needed to drive the bicycle. We used BLDC motor as a hub drive and connect it in the front wheel of the bicycle. We use lithium-ion battery cells and by connecting them in series-parallel, we made a 36V, 13.2 Ah battery pack. We also connect BMS(Battery Management System) which protects the battery pack from over-charging and over-discharging kind of faults. Top speed of the bicycle is 35kmph and the distance traveled on a single charge is up to 35 to 40km.
BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) PPTPranav Mistry
Presentation done on subject of BEV ( Battery Operated Electrical Vehicles) at ARAI ( Automobile Research Association Of India ,Pune) on 4 Th December .2019
Electric vehicle charging stations play an important role in supporting the adoption of EVs by addressing "range anxiety". There are different levels of charging with Level 1 being the slowest using a standard 120V outlet, and Level 3/DC fast charging being the fastest but requiring more specialized and expensive equipment. Wireless and solar charging techniques are also being explored. Norway is testing wireless induction charging roads for electric taxis. As EV adoption increases, expanding public charging infrastructure and using solar and vehicle-to-vehicle charging can help increase access to renewable energy for electric transport.
The document discusses electric bikes, including their components like battery packs and motors. It describes different types of batteries that power electric bikes and scooters, including lithium-ion, nickel metal hydride, and sealed lead acid batteries. It provides information on electric bike range, charging times, lifespan of scooter batteries, competitors in the electric bike market, and plans to increase digital marketing and sales.
The document discusses electric bicycles (e-bikes), including their history, components, types, usage trends, and advantages/disadvantages. E-bikes have integrated electric motors and rechargeable batteries to provide propulsion assistance up to 25-32 km/h depending on local laws. They became popular in the late 1890s and have grown dramatically worldwide since 1998, especially in China and Europe. E-bikes are classified based on how their electric motor power is applied, either through pedal-assistance or throttle control. Their main components are motors, batteries, and controllers.
This document summarizes a student project to design an electric bicycle using CATIA software and 3D printing. It introduces electric bicycles and their advantages over traditional bicycles. The document then provides an overview of CATIA, a 3D CAD software, describing its key capabilities and user interface. It explains how CATIA can be used to create 3D part and assembly models, apply constraints between parts, and integrate design with other applications like finite element analysis. The project aims to leverage CATIA to design an electric bicycle and 3D printing to prototype the design.
We started with various kind of frictional forces which are projected to bicycle during the run. Then after we calculate approx motor power t which needed to drive the bicycle. We used BLDC motor as a hub drive and connect it in the front wheel of the bicycle. We use lithium-ion battery cells and by connecting them in series-parallel, we made a 36V, 13.2 Ah battery pack. We also connect BMS(Battery Management System) which protects the battery pack from over-charging and over-discharging kind of faults. Top speed of the bicycle is 35kmph and the distance traveled on a single charge is up to 35 to 40km.
BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) PPTPranav Mistry
Presentation done on subject of BEV ( Battery Operated Electrical Vehicles) at ARAI ( Automobile Research Association Of India ,Pune) on 4 Th December .2019
Electric vehicle charging stations play an important role in supporting the adoption of EVs by addressing "range anxiety". There are different levels of charging with Level 1 being the slowest using a standard 120V outlet, and Level 3/DC fast charging being the fastest but requiring more specialized and expensive equipment. Wireless and solar charging techniques are also being explored. Norway is testing wireless induction charging roads for electric taxis. As EV adoption increases, expanding public charging infrastructure and using solar and vehicle-to-vehicle charging can help increase access to renewable energy for electric transport.
The document discusses electric bikes, including their components like battery packs and motors. It describes different types of batteries that power electric bikes and scooters, including lithium-ion, nickel metal hydride, and sealed lead acid batteries. It provides information on electric bike range, charging times, lifespan of scooter batteries, competitors in the electric bike market, and plans to increase digital marketing and sales.
Hello Folks,
I have shared my presentation on electric vehicles that i have prepared for my final year seminar and presented it to more than 300 peoples including HOD, Assistant professor, mechanical faculties. I took overall 10 minutes to elaborate every topic excluding Q&A session. In the modern era, the conventional vehicles are becoming obsolete gradually because of its hazardous emission and low efficiency. The Electric vehicles are the future. The contents of this ppt is gathered from the daily learning and some are taken directly from the company posts,
Any kind of discussion is open.
This document describes a hybrid electric vehicle project that uses solar panels to charge the vehicle's batteries and extend its driving range. Some key points:
- The vehicle has a 48V battery that powers a DC motor and is normally charged via electricity but can now also be charged by solar panels mounted on the roof.
- Maximum Power Point Trackers are used to optimize the power output from the solar panels to match the battery and motor voltages.
- Testing will compare the vehicle's driving range when using just its batteries versus using solar charging to replenish the batteries while driving.
- The students estimate it may take up to 3 weeks to complete the project and recommend improvements like a higher capacity motor or cooling
The document discusses various electric vehicles including cars and two-wheelers. For cars, it provides details on the Tesla Model S and Model 3, BMW i3 and i8, Ford Fusion Hybrid, Nissan Leaf, and Kia Niro Plug-In Hybrid. It lists their prices, battery capacities, speeds, charging times, and motor outputs. For two-wheelers, it discusses Thunder Wind, Omastar, BSA Street Rider, Palatino Angel, Okinawa Ridge+, Ather 450, Hero Flash E5, Ampere V48, Irrway NXP-500, and KVR-X, providing their maximum speeds, battery capacities, prices, charging times,
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on using brushless permanent magnet DC motors for electric bikes and impulse charging for their batteries. It discusses how electric bikes work and the advantages they provide over petrol bikes in reducing air pollution and costs. It describes the key components of an electric bike, including different battery types like lithium-ion and proposes using an impulse charging circuit to extend the battery life. In conclusion, it encourages purchasing electric bikes to protect the environment.
This document provides an overview of hybrid vehicles, including their history and evolution. It discusses how hybrids work by combining an internal combustion engine with an electric motor powered by batteries. The document outlines the components of hybrid vehicles and explains the benefits of hybrids such as improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions compared to conventional vehicles. Both the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid technology are presented.
This document presents a project that aims to generate power from speed breakers. It discusses using the kinetic energy of passing vehicles on speed breakers to power a generator through a rack and pinion mechanism. This mechanism converts the up and down motion of the speed breaker into rotational motion to drive the generator. The document outlines the basic principle, components, design, construction, working, advantages, goals and conclusions of the project. It aims to minimize wasted energy and help address electricity shortage issues.
Presentation on BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) Pranav Mistry
Innovation done on BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) with best in class miles/charge, Fast charging , Reduced price of maintenance , Suspension based charging etc
This document discusses the history and present state of electric vehicles. It notes that electric vehicles have lower emissions and fuel costs than gas vehicles. However, electric vehicles currently have higher upfront costs and more limited range between charges. The document outlines different types of electric vehicles like plug-in hybrids and describes the key components of an electric vehicle like batteries and motors. Challenges to electric vehicle adoption include high battery costs, limited driving range, and perceptions around safety and reliability. Research aims to address these issues to increase electric vehicle adoption over time.
Electric bicycles, also known as e-bikes, are bicycles with integrated electric motors to assist with propulsion. There are a variety of e-bikes that range from those with small motors to assist pedaling to more powerful models similar to mopeds. E-bikes use rechargeable batteries and can travel up to 25-32 km/h, depending on local laws. E-bikes are classified based on whether the motor assists with pedaling or provides power on demand via a throttle. Pedal-assist e-bikes augment rider pedaling up to 25 km/h while e-bikes with higher speeds or more powerful motors may be classified as mopeds. E
This document discusses electric vehicles, including their history, components, operation, advantages, disadvantages, and challenges. Some key points include:
- Electric vehicles help reduce dependence on foreign oil and gasoline, a scarce resource, while producing less pollution than gas-powered cars.
- Components include batteries, charger, motor, controller, and converter. Cars are powered by and recharged from electricity stored in batteries.
- Advantages are lower emissions, fewer moving parts, fuel flexibility, energy independence, and cheaper fuel costs compared to gasoline. Disadvantages include limited range and longer recharging times.
- Key challenges are high battery costs and need for more widespread charging infrastructure. Electric vehicles may help address
Electric Cars
We strive to provide the highest quality products and outstanding service that creates lifelong customers. Anchored by a strong commitment to our values, we form close relation with partners, and together we work consistently to exceed customer's satisfaction.
http://1stinternationaldubai.com/
A hybrid electric vehicle combines an electric motor with an internal combustion engine to improve fuel efficiency. There are two main types of hybrid configurations - parallel and series. In a parallel hybrid, both the engine and electric motor can power the wheels directly. In a series hybrid, the engine charges the battery which powers the electric motor to turn the wheels. Fuel cell hybrid vehicles use hydrogen to power an electric motor, providing emissions-free propulsion. Driving at a constant speed, avoiding abrupt stops, and driving more slowly can improve the fuel efficiency of any hybrid vehicle.
An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases. Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation automobile, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Though the concept of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and other environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.
A solar vehicle is powered by solar energy collected from solar panels on its surface. It consists of a solar array, power trackers, an electric motor, speed controller, chassis, battery, and wheels. The solar array produces electricity from sunlight which is conditioned and stored by the power trackers and battery for powering the electric motor. The speed controller regulates the motor based on driving demands while the lightweight chassis provides strength and safety.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled Biz Models for Hi-Tech Products to analyze the business model for wireless charging for electric vehicles. Wireless charging eliminates cables that require time-consuming connections and maintenance as water and sun degrade them. Continuous wireless charging reduces the required batter capacity through coils that are included in vehicles and embedded in roads. These slides describe the specific value proposition for cities, building owners, and other specific customers and other aspects of the business model such as the method of value capture, scope of activities, and method of strategic control.
The document describes a solar-powered electric bicycle called the Smart Cycle. It has the following key features:
- It is powered by a battery that is charged by solar panels as well as a dynamo for backup charging.
- It can travel up to 15-20 mph using a permanent magnet DC motor powered by the battery.
- CAD drawings were created to design the frame and show placements of the solar panels, battery, and other components.
- The battery is a 12V 10AH lead-acid type for its life and efficiency. The motor is a 400W 24V PMDC motor for its starting torque.
This document discusses solar cars. It begins by defining a solar car as an electric vehicle powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels. It then provides a brief history, noting the first solar car was invented in 1955. The main components of a solar car are described as the solar array, power trackers, electric motor, speed controller, chassis, battery, and wheels. The document explains how solar cells convert sunlight to electricity and how the various components work together. Advantages include reduced pollution and energy costs while disadvantages include high initial costs and less efficiency in cloudy weather. Applications mentioned include small utility vehicles. The conclusion states that solar cars could provide pollution-free travel if drawbacks are addressed.
Now a days world is shifting towards electrified mobility to reduce the pollutant emissions caused by nonrenewable fossil fueled vehicles and to provide the alternative to pricey fuel for transportation. But for electric vehicles, traveling range and charging process are the two major issues affecting it’s adoption over conventional vehicles.
With the introduction of Wire charging technology, no more waiting at charging stations for hours, now get your vehicle charged by just parking it on parking spot or by parking at your garage or even while driving you can charge your electric vehicle. As of now, we are very much familiar with wireless transmission of data, audio and video signals so why can’t we transfer power over the Air.
1) The document describes the design of a hybrid motorcycle that combines a petrol engine with an electric hub motor and batteries.
2) The electric motor is intended to power the motorcycle for speeds up to 50km/hr, at which point the petrol engine will engage to allow for higher speeds.
3) The project aims to achieve a mileage of 150km on Rs. 100 worth of fuel by utilizing both the petrol and electric systems. Future work planned includes testing under different load conditions and optimizing the motor and controller programming.
Hello Folks,
I have shared my presentation on electric vehicles that i have prepared for my final year seminar and presented it to more than 300 peoples including HOD, Assistant professor, mechanical faculties. I took overall 10 minutes to elaborate every topic excluding Q&A session. In the modern era, the conventional vehicles are becoming obsolete gradually because of its hazardous emission and low efficiency. The Electric vehicles are the future. The contents of this ppt is gathered from the daily learning and some are taken directly from the company posts,
Any kind of discussion is open.
This document describes a hybrid electric vehicle project that uses solar panels to charge the vehicle's batteries and extend its driving range. Some key points:
- The vehicle has a 48V battery that powers a DC motor and is normally charged via electricity but can now also be charged by solar panels mounted on the roof.
- Maximum Power Point Trackers are used to optimize the power output from the solar panels to match the battery and motor voltages.
- Testing will compare the vehicle's driving range when using just its batteries versus using solar charging to replenish the batteries while driving.
- The students estimate it may take up to 3 weeks to complete the project and recommend improvements like a higher capacity motor or cooling
The document discusses various electric vehicles including cars and two-wheelers. For cars, it provides details on the Tesla Model S and Model 3, BMW i3 and i8, Ford Fusion Hybrid, Nissan Leaf, and Kia Niro Plug-In Hybrid. It lists their prices, battery capacities, speeds, charging times, and motor outputs. For two-wheelers, it discusses Thunder Wind, Omastar, BSA Street Rider, Palatino Angel, Okinawa Ridge+, Ather 450, Hero Flash E5, Ampere V48, Irrway NXP-500, and KVR-X, providing their maximum speeds, battery capacities, prices, charging times,
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on using brushless permanent magnet DC motors for electric bikes and impulse charging for their batteries. It discusses how electric bikes work and the advantages they provide over petrol bikes in reducing air pollution and costs. It describes the key components of an electric bike, including different battery types like lithium-ion and proposes using an impulse charging circuit to extend the battery life. In conclusion, it encourages purchasing electric bikes to protect the environment.
This document provides an overview of hybrid vehicles, including their history and evolution. It discusses how hybrids work by combining an internal combustion engine with an electric motor powered by batteries. The document outlines the components of hybrid vehicles and explains the benefits of hybrids such as improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions compared to conventional vehicles. Both the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid technology are presented.
This document presents a project that aims to generate power from speed breakers. It discusses using the kinetic energy of passing vehicles on speed breakers to power a generator through a rack and pinion mechanism. This mechanism converts the up and down motion of the speed breaker into rotational motion to drive the generator. The document outlines the basic principle, components, design, construction, working, advantages, goals and conclusions of the project. It aims to minimize wasted energy and help address electricity shortage issues.
Presentation on BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) Pranav Mistry
Innovation done on BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) with best in class miles/charge, Fast charging , Reduced price of maintenance , Suspension based charging etc
This document discusses the history and present state of electric vehicles. It notes that electric vehicles have lower emissions and fuel costs than gas vehicles. However, electric vehicles currently have higher upfront costs and more limited range between charges. The document outlines different types of electric vehicles like plug-in hybrids and describes the key components of an electric vehicle like batteries and motors. Challenges to electric vehicle adoption include high battery costs, limited driving range, and perceptions around safety and reliability. Research aims to address these issues to increase electric vehicle adoption over time.
Electric bicycles, also known as e-bikes, are bicycles with integrated electric motors to assist with propulsion. There are a variety of e-bikes that range from those with small motors to assist pedaling to more powerful models similar to mopeds. E-bikes use rechargeable batteries and can travel up to 25-32 km/h, depending on local laws. E-bikes are classified based on whether the motor assists with pedaling or provides power on demand via a throttle. Pedal-assist e-bikes augment rider pedaling up to 25 km/h while e-bikes with higher speeds or more powerful motors may be classified as mopeds. E
This document discusses electric vehicles, including their history, components, operation, advantages, disadvantages, and challenges. Some key points include:
- Electric vehicles help reduce dependence on foreign oil and gasoline, a scarce resource, while producing less pollution than gas-powered cars.
- Components include batteries, charger, motor, controller, and converter. Cars are powered by and recharged from electricity stored in batteries.
- Advantages are lower emissions, fewer moving parts, fuel flexibility, energy independence, and cheaper fuel costs compared to gasoline. Disadvantages include limited range and longer recharging times.
- Key challenges are high battery costs and need for more widespread charging infrastructure. Electric vehicles may help address
Electric Cars
We strive to provide the highest quality products and outstanding service that creates lifelong customers. Anchored by a strong commitment to our values, we form close relation with partners, and together we work consistently to exceed customer's satisfaction.
http://1stinternationaldubai.com/
A hybrid electric vehicle combines an electric motor with an internal combustion engine to improve fuel efficiency. There are two main types of hybrid configurations - parallel and series. In a parallel hybrid, both the engine and electric motor can power the wheels directly. In a series hybrid, the engine charges the battery which powers the electric motor to turn the wheels. Fuel cell hybrid vehicles use hydrogen to power an electric motor, providing emissions-free propulsion. Driving at a constant speed, avoiding abrupt stops, and driving more slowly can improve the fuel efficiency of any hybrid vehicle.
An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases. Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation automobile, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Though the concept of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and other environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.
A solar vehicle is powered by solar energy collected from solar panels on its surface. It consists of a solar array, power trackers, an electric motor, speed controller, chassis, battery, and wheels. The solar array produces electricity from sunlight which is conditioned and stored by the power trackers and battery for powering the electric motor. The speed controller regulates the motor based on driving demands while the lightweight chassis provides strength and safety.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled Biz Models for Hi-Tech Products to analyze the business model for wireless charging for electric vehicles. Wireless charging eliminates cables that require time-consuming connections and maintenance as water and sun degrade them. Continuous wireless charging reduces the required batter capacity through coils that are included in vehicles and embedded in roads. These slides describe the specific value proposition for cities, building owners, and other specific customers and other aspects of the business model such as the method of value capture, scope of activities, and method of strategic control.
The document describes a solar-powered electric bicycle called the Smart Cycle. It has the following key features:
- It is powered by a battery that is charged by solar panels as well as a dynamo for backup charging.
- It can travel up to 15-20 mph using a permanent magnet DC motor powered by the battery.
- CAD drawings were created to design the frame and show placements of the solar panels, battery, and other components.
- The battery is a 12V 10AH lead-acid type for its life and efficiency. The motor is a 400W 24V PMDC motor for its starting torque.
This document discusses solar cars. It begins by defining a solar car as an electric vehicle powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels. It then provides a brief history, noting the first solar car was invented in 1955. The main components of a solar car are described as the solar array, power trackers, electric motor, speed controller, chassis, battery, and wheels. The document explains how solar cells convert sunlight to electricity and how the various components work together. Advantages include reduced pollution and energy costs while disadvantages include high initial costs and less efficiency in cloudy weather. Applications mentioned include small utility vehicles. The conclusion states that solar cars could provide pollution-free travel if drawbacks are addressed.
Now a days world is shifting towards electrified mobility to reduce the pollutant emissions caused by nonrenewable fossil fueled vehicles and to provide the alternative to pricey fuel for transportation. But for electric vehicles, traveling range and charging process are the two major issues affecting it’s adoption over conventional vehicles.
With the introduction of Wire charging technology, no more waiting at charging stations for hours, now get your vehicle charged by just parking it on parking spot or by parking at your garage or even while driving you can charge your electric vehicle. As of now, we are very much familiar with wireless transmission of data, audio and video signals so why can’t we transfer power over the Air.
1) The document describes the design of a hybrid motorcycle that combines a petrol engine with an electric hub motor and batteries.
2) The electric motor is intended to power the motorcycle for speeds up to 50km/hr, at which point the petrol engine will engage to allow for higher speeds.
3) The project aims to achieve a mileage of 150km on Rs. 100 worth of fuel by utilizing both the petrol and electric systems. Future work planned includes testing under different load conditions and optimizing the motor and controller programming.
The Brake-by-wire system has been seen in the various conventional vehicles and in modern cars. If you want to learn more about automotive technology and repair, electric technician school is a destination you must consider.
FABRICATION OF SOLAR BICYCLE.pptx new editedankur rajput
1) A solar-powered bicycle was designed and fabricated to provide a low-cost and eco-friendly transportation option. The bicycle was powered by solar panels that charged lead-acid batteries, which then powered a DC gear motor connected to the rear wheel.
2) Testing showed the bicycle could travel up to 30km on a single charge at a maximum speed of 10km/h. The batteries took 4 hours to fully recharge from solar power.
3) The solar-powered bicycle provides a cheap, non-polluting alternative to motorcycles or other fuel-powered vehicles for short-range transportation needs.
IRJET - Design and Fabrication of an Electric BikeIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of an electric bike. Some key points:
- The electric bike is powered by a lithium-ion battery which provides voltage to a DC motor. This allows the bike to run on electric energy as the primary source.
- It has several benefits over conventional vehicles like better fuel economy, lower emissions and less noise pollution.
- The main components are the battery, DC motor, controller, chain drive and throttle. The battery powers the motor through the controller. The motor turns the rear wheel through the chain drive.
- Speed and power can be varied through the controller and throttle similarly to a gas-powered motorcycle.
- Calculations are shown to select
Scooteretti is Ontario’s #1 retailer of electric scooters and e bikes. Visit us today at http://www.scooteretti.com/ to learn more about Scooteretti and our products.
The document summarizes an electric bicycle called a booster bike. It uses a brushless DC motor powered by a super capacitor battery pack rather than a traditional battery. The super capacitor allows the bike to charge much faster than normal batteries, in under 40 minutes compared to 6-7 hours. The bike can reach speeds of 30-35 kph and has an integrated dynamo that charges the super capacitor during rides. Key components include the BLDC motor, super capacitor battery, speed controller and throttle. The document compares it to conventional e-bikes and outlines future plans to add solar panels, GPS and other upgrades.
This document summarizes the preliminary design of a hybrid electric vehicle for a Formula SAE competition. It discusses the use of lithium-ion batteries and brushless DC motors to power the front wheels, with a gasoline engine and electric motor powering the rear axle. The control system would manage energy distribution between the power sources based on throttle input, battery charge level, and other factors. Cooling systems are proposed for the batteries and motors. Rules for the competition's hybrid class are also reviewed.
The document describes the design and development of a solar-powered bicycle. It includes sections on objectives, methodology, assembly of components, connection of components, future applications, advantages, and conclusions. The bicycle is designed to be pedaled manually but also has a 500W DC motor powered by batteries that can be charged via flexible solar panels mounted on the frame. This provides assistance on hills and longer trips while being economically friendly, non-polluting, and suitable for a variety of users and transportation needs.
Final Synopsis- Project on Construction of electric vehicleSourya Sanghan Basu
This document presents a project to develop an electric rickshaw to replace traditional petrol-powered rickshaws in India. The proposed electric rickshaw would be powered by a battery pack charged using renewable energy sources. It describes the design of the electric rickshaw, including components like the differential system, drum brakes, brushless DC motor, motor controller, lead-acid battery pack, and speedometer/charge indicator. The objective is to develop an affordable electric rickshaw that provides better passenger experience while reducing pollution in major cities. The project is currently in the first design and planning phase before building a prototype.
An EV is a shortened acronym for an electric vehicle. EVs are vehicles that are either partially or fully powered on electric power. Electric vehicles have low running costs as they have fewer moving parts for maintenance and also very environmentally friendly as they use little or no fossil fuels (petrol or diesel).
How ro choose an electric motor for RC Planesmustafa sarac
The document discusses selecting an electric motor for RC aircraft. It begins by explaining how electric power systems were once intimidating for hobbyists due to complexity and cost, but that improvements have made electric easier. It then provides a step-by-step process for choosing a motor based on the aircraft's weight and intended use. Key factors include determining the wattage needed using 50-150 watts per pound as a guideline, and selecting a motor that provides that wattage. The document also discusses motor specifications and marketing techniques used by different retailers to help customers choose.
IRJET- Conversion of IC Engine Vehicle to Electric VehicleIRJET Journal
This document discusses converting an internal combustion engine vehicle to an electric vehicle. It begins with an abstract stating that electric vehicles use electric motors instead of combustion engines, saving money and reducing environmental impact. The document then discusses the various components used in the conversion - a bike is selected, the combustion engine and related components are removed, and a lithium-ion battery, BLDC motor, and controller are installed. Calculations are shown for selecting the appropriate components based on the vehicle's weight and intended usage. Assembly and testing of the converted electric vehicle is described, showing it can travel 25-30 km/hr on a single charge. The conclusion states this conversion reduces the cost of electric vehicles while achieving desirable speed and range.
IRJET- Conversion of IC Engine Vehicle to Electric VehicleIRJET Journal
This document describes a project to convert an internal combustion engine vehicle to an electric vehicle. The project aims to fabricate an electric vehicle using a lithium-ion battery and BLDC motor. The vehicle selected is a four-stroke gasoline bike that will have its engine and components removed and replaced with a 48V 10Ah lithium-ion battery, 600W BLDC motor, and controller. Calculations are shown to select the components based on the vehicle's weight and intended top speed. Assembly and testing indicates the converted electric vehicle can reach speeds of 25-30 km/hr on a single charge with a range of 25-30 km. The document concludes the conversion reduces costs compared to a new electric vehicle while achieving
Electric Vehicles: History of electric vehicles - components of electric vehicle – layout & working of electric vehicles – comparison with internal combustion engine - advantages and disadvantages of EV.
Hybrid Vehicles: Components of hybrid vehicles – layout & working principle of hybrid vehicles - comparison with electric vehicles - advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vehicles.
UNIT-V-ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES.pptxprakash0712
Electric Vehicles: History of electric vehicles - components of electric vehicle - layout & working of electric vehicles – comparison with internal combustion engine - advantages and disadvantages of EV.
Hybrid Vehicles: Components of hybrid vehicles – layout & working principle of hybrid vehicles - comparison with electric vehicles - advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vehicles.
UNIT-V-ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES.pptxShanmathyAR2
ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES
Electric Vehicles: History of electric vehicles - components of electric vehicle – layout & working of electric vehicles – comparison with internal combustion engine - advantages and disadvantages of EV.
Hybrid Vehicles: Components of hybrid vehicles – layout & working principle of hybrid vehicles - comparison with electric vehicles - advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vehicles.
This document discusses in-wheel motor systems, which incorporate electric motors directly into each wheel hub. It describes the Chevrolet FNR concept car, which uses this technology. The key advantages of in-wheel motors are improved efficiency over internal combustion engines, simpler design without driveshafts, ability to control torque at each wheel for stability, and potential for wireless power transfer. Challenges include achieving high speeds, reducing unsprung weight vibrations, and developing battery-less electric cars that receive wireless power from road surfaces.
Sushant Patil's presentation discusses regenerative braking systems. It introduces regenerative braking as a mechanism that slows vehicles by converting kinetic energy into electrical energy that can be used or stored. Modern hybrid and electric vehicles often use this technique to extend battery life. The basic idea is that regenerative brakes recapture wasted braking energy and use it to recharge a vehicle's batteries. Applying the brakes in an electric or hybrid vehicle causes the electric motor to run in reverse, slowing the wheels and generating electricity. Regenerative braking provides benefits like increased energy efficiency and reduced pollution and engine wear.
Similar to A brief introduction to electric bicycles (20)
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
2. Important Components of an electric bicycle
• Lithium ion Batteries :These come in various capacities ,like 24V,36V,48V . The
Ah(Ampere Hour) rating plays a crucial role in tweaking the performance of the
system. For a same Ah rating, bigger the battery, better the performance.
• BLDC electric motor: These also comes in various designs and power ratings(like
250W,300W etc.). The design includes hub motors(geared or gearless) ,Sprocket
or belt based standard motors.
• Pedal sensor in case of PAS drive systems.
• Throttle cable for throttle based drive systems.
• Motor control unit : This acts as a CPU station where all controls are actually
interpreted and executed. It provides the charging socket for battery, socket for
plugging lights or any auxiliaries like LCD speedometer, sockets for connecting
throttle cable etc.
3. Classification of ebicycles based on the control
mechanism
• Stand alone PAS (Pedal Assisted System) drive: This mechanism involves
power availability at pedal to assist a rider to pedal easily with less effort
and thereby gaining more speed. The amount of assist one gets from the
motor depends on the amount of torque being applied by the rider at the
pedal which is measured using a pedal sensor which is normally a torque
sensor.
• Throttle controlled drive : This uses a throttle cable which extracts power
from the motor based on the throttle twist as comparable to bikes and
other two wheelers
• PAS cum Throttle assisted drive: This uses both the above mechanisms
collectively to provide more flexibility to design and to give more control to
the rider
4. Selection of a drive mechanism
• Considering the availability of different drive mechanisms, a PAS system is
specifically designed for those who want to use pedal as the primary source of
power , so its basically sports or athletics oriented system. This system is also
used in those countries where throttle cable driven bicycles are not allowed e.g.
Israel. But PAS system has a disadvantage that the power from motor comes as
per the cadence or torque available on the paddle due to human effort, this
system is helpful for normal terrains but incase of uphill, the cadence available at
paddle will be too low and so the assist from the motor will be low too which
makes the system underrated in those situations. Also one has to paddle always
in this system and there is a little lag in the motor to kick in which makes this
system specifically oriented for sports loving people. Considering the cost factor,
flexibility in design and simplicity of design, a throttle controlled system is a more
preferable system. I had too worked in the past on throttle controlled mechanism
,so the discussion that follows is based on the same design which as per the
factual data is more universally accepted system and also it stands as a preferred
mechanism by the masses.
5. Legal considerations to take care as per motor
vehicle rules
• As per motor vehicle act regulations the maximum permissible speed
for an electric bike is between 30-40 kmph which is variable from
country to country but speaking in context to Indian Motor vehicles
act the maximum permissible speed is 39 kmph beyond which it
enters the slab for a MOPED vehicle which requires the registration of
the vehicle.
• Considering the legal speed regulations , 24Volt and 36Volt battery
systems are more popular as these helps to keep the speed under the
prescribed limit. So now I will try to explain in next slide how these
two battery systems can be used in ways to create a balance between
power and economy
6. Watt Hours; Calculating E-bike Range
• Watt hours is a way to measure the energy capacity of a battery pack, so you know
what to expect from your new E-bike in terms of range performance. To calculate
the watt hours (WH) of a battery pack, simply multiply the voltage by the amp hours
(Ah) of the pack. A 36-volt 10-Ah battery pack has 360 watt hours (36 X 10 = 360).
If you are concerned with your energy usage, each mile you travel will cost you
about 20 watt hours. Therefore a 360 watt hour pack will get you about 18 miles.
The range can vary widely depending on where and how you ride.
• Watt hours determine the range of your bike, the cost of your bike, and the weight
of your bike….three very important factors to consider when designing an electric
bike.
• Now what we can observe is that a 36 volt battery with 10Ah rating is equivalent to a
24Volt battery with 15Ah rating as the two provide same 360watt hours.
• A 250 watt motor will burn 250 watt hours in an hour and will last you an hour and
20 minutes at full throttle on those 360 watt hours, but it will not provide you with
very much assist.
• A 500 watt motor will burn through the same pack at full throttle in less than 45
minutes, but you will be given twice as much assist as you get from the 250 watt
motor. If you are nitty with your 500 watt motor and run it at half throttle (250 watts)
and pedal a lot, you will get the same efficiency as you get with a 250 watt motor.
7. Electric Bike Battery Basics
Volts = Horsepower!
• That is a pretty simplistic way of putting it but it is the closest analogy to a car. Electric
bike batteries typically come in 24V, 36V, 48V, and 72V batteries. More volts = more
POWER .The typical battery is 36V on most e-bikes with some at 24V and some at
48V. The electric bike manufacturers spec these because they provide a good power to
cost ratio.
• A little background on controllers…..
• Ultimately the electronic controller of an e-bike limits the maximum power output and the
maximum speed of the bike. If you buy a stock electric bike in your country, you will most
likely be buying an electric bike that complies to the max power and speed limits to be
classified as a bicycle (this is not always true though!).
• If you are building your own custom electric bike you will want to be aware of what
controller you are buying if you want it to still be classified as a bicycle. It is possible to
create an electric bike that is too powerful or too fast with a lower voltage battery if you
have a controller that allows it. Just something to be aware of if you are building your own
electric bike as I covered in the regulations section that speeds over 39kmph will make
the vehicle mandatory to be registered under the MOPED category.
8. Covering cost factor for each component
• Bicycle frame: A light weight frame is more preferable for getting maximum
potential of the bicycle. It comes in
Carbon fiber material as well as aluminum alloy
frames, a light weight aluminum frame offers a more
economic option as the metal is more easily available
and, easily machinable.
A lot of designs are available in the market ,however if
the frames are being manufactured yourself, the minimum cost involved is going
to be around Rs1500-2000 . On the other side if you are considering to buy a full
bicycle along with tyres,the minimum cost will be around Rs 3500.
Indian manufacturers : Benlui International, focal point ,Ludhiana
Cayman International, Focal Point ,Ludhiana
A complete list can be checked here:
https://dir.indiamart.com/impact/bicycle-frames.html
9. BLDC electric motor
• A Brushless DC motor offers better power and economy and are most widely used for making
electric bicycles. These again come in various capacities like 250W,300W and so on. Considering
some of the leading motor manufactures in India like Tachometric Controls,Pune , the cost for a
300W motor for 24 Volt rating at around 2000-3000 rpm which is ideal for an electric bicycle is
priced at a minimum of Rs 4000.
• The detailed list of Indian suppliers can be found here:
https://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/brushless-dc-motor.html
• But there is another category under BLDC motors i.e. HUB Motors.
• The advantage of hub motors is that it saves the labor involved in installing a normal motor via
chain and sprockets. The hub is directly installed at one of the wheels and connected directly to
the controller. These motors are a little costly in comparison to standard bldc motors but these
saves the cost of chains and sprockets, also since these are directly mounted in the wheel, it
provides better performance , thereby proving itself to be a great option. For the same
characteristics as discussed above, a hub motor will cost a minimum of rs 6000.
• The list of some Indian suppliers can be found here :
https://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/hub-motor.html
10. Li ion Batteries
• Lithium ion batteries are best suited for this purpose because of their
long life and high power to weight ratio. These batteries are costly
and a lot of research is going on to reduce the cost for these
batteries. Some of the Indian companies have started manufacturing
these batteries but are highly costly. China is the emerging market for
cost effective Li ion batteries , the average cost for a 24 V 10AH
battery is $50 and considering import duty the cost comes to $65 or
an equivalent of rs 5000-6000. Here is the link of few Chinese
manufacturers : https://www.alibaba.com/showroom/24v-lithium-
battery-for-electric-bike.html
11. Indian advancement in Li ion battery
technology
• The graphite used as anodic material provides 350mah per gram of
charge.
• Researchers at IISER Pune have found a material that gives 720mah
per gram of charge.
• This discovery can help reduce the cost of battery significantly which
can help reduce the cost involved regarding Lithium ion batteries.
• The production of these batteries is going to start soon so contacting
them for batteries is the best option available as the battery quality is
claimed to be equivalent to that being used in TESLA Automobiles.
12. Motor Electronic Control Unit
• These are electronic control unit which acts as the CPU for the whole
system and controls the charge coming from battery and powering motor.
This is the most important part because a good motor controller can
extract higher currents from battery for performance if required and has
been programmed to do so. These are to be used in accordance with the
battery Voltage and so comes with many specifications like for 24 Volt
systems ,48V,60V and so on. These are relatively easily available in market
and for a 24V configuration, the cost is around Rs 1000. You may check
suppliers here:
• https://www.banggood.com/buy/e-bike-motor-
controller.html?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc_elc&utm_campaig
n=ds-led-cate-rm1-
170817&utm_content=serene&gclid=Cj0KCQiA2snUBRDfARIsAIGfpqFcwQB
13cyxtLt3R6mZXmaJ-_Iro6ITVgNZE9lblRKLuTaN9tZP0c0aAsfEEALw_wcB
13. Throttle ,PAS
• A throttle grip used to control the speed of motor is easily available in market and
costs a minimum of rs 400
• If you are looking for pedal assist drive, the cadence or pedal sensor will cost
around rs 600 which can be wired with motor to enable PAS control drive. These
sensors come in various types, like torque sensors, cadence sensors etc. Some are
pure electronics based while some are mechatronics based sensors. I am
attaching a link for a mechatronics sensor which are relatively robust to
electronics sensor. Check it here:
https://www.banggood.com/58-Magnet-Electric-Bike-Pedal-Assist-PAS-Sensor-
Elektrofahrrad-Ebike-E-bike-p-
1120716.html?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc_elc&utm_campaign=ds-
led-cate-rm1-
170817&utm_content=serene&gclid=Cj0KCQiA2snUBRDfARIsAIGfpqFNUekECciAyo
GESXqqJuv7ohPXF1hEilvEL9_bilS5p_K00_jBMzUaAmOFEALw_wcB&cur_warehouse
=CN
14. Auxiliaries
• Flashers, led headlights , Disc brakes are some of the auxiliaries offered to increase the utility of e
bicycles. These will add additional manufacturing cost of Rs 1000 to the bicycle and these are
readily available in the market.
• If you are skeptical about the quality and performance of these cheap brakes , these are real good
and you can check a detailed review made by a professional biker. Check it out here:
• https://youtu.be/LZuuEI7yJaA
• The brakes used by the above professional costs just rs 400 but still enables him to do
professional stunts like stoppie,etc. Which needs good braking power.
• Led lights are readily available in the market and offers various varieties to choose from, the cost
is low and can be readily purchased from any of the suppliers, I have attached a link for the
reference here:https://www.banggood.com/Wholesale-Bicycle-Lights-c-
1663.html?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc_ods&utm_content=starr&utm_campaign=od
s-sds-rm-
cycling&gclid=Cj0KCQiA2snUBRDfARIsAIGfpqFbU8OzOFlxEecYejnIh5mSqnrBa8eAAbheNsqGcnGTb
n85rsNf0KMaAqpBEALw_wcB
15. Cost analysis for 24V system with throttle
control only
• Frame cost along with tires: Rs 4000
• A 24 Volt Li ion. Battery sourced from China: Rs 5500
• A 24 Volt 300W. (2500rpm) BLDC motor: Rs 4000-6000(hub motors priced on higher side)
• Sprockets, belts or chains : Rs 700(not included in case of hub motors)
• 24V motor controller : Rs 1000
• Throttle cable assembly: Rs 500
• Led headlight rechargeable(not taking power from motor battery): Rs 400
• Flashers for safety(white in front, red on rear): Rs 100
• Voltage meter for checking battery level: Rs 300
• Speedometer LCD display assembly : Rs 500
• Miscellaneous cost : lets Add Rs 1500 that may add up during testing of prototype
• Total cost : Rs18500-18800
• Please note that the costs involved are taken to be the maximum as of today’s market scenario. The prototypes usually cost more than the actual product. With planning and
proper cost cutting the price can be brought down for the actual product and so the expected price of finished product will be around Rs 17000
• The battery being used is rated at 24V and 15Ah which gives us 360Ah of power and considering 20Ah per mile of range, the range for this. Bike will be 18 miles without pedaling
and considering the efficiency of system around 75% it will deliver 14 miles of range without pedaling and combined with paddling , one can expect a range of around 20 miles
which is quite a descent range.
• There are a lot of factors involved in calculating the range such as weight of the bicycle, weight of the rider, size of tires, terrain etc. Most of the brands take a universally adopted
values for these variables which has rounded up the range at 20ah per mile. So I have further took the efficiency to a practical 75% to achieve practical results.
16. Cost Analysis for 24 V PAS cum throttle drive
• This will add an additional cost of Rs 1000 to the previous prototype and so the
cost can be expected to be around Rs 19500 for this project and please note that
the motor design is too specific for PAS enabled system as the motors are
connected near the pedal to the driving sprocket , so the cost of chain, sprockets
is minimized
• The range for this drive system is usually less because the motor is always
functioning either in providing pedal assist or while using the throttle cable. I
have personally not worked on this mechanism but being an enthusiast I have
been reading articles over internet by professionals and experienced mechanical
engineers and they suggest practical testing as the best measure for range in PAS
systems because it differs from individual to individual as PAS system provides
assist power based on the cadence which differs as per strength of the
individuals.
• Please note that the bicycle involved here is a non geared bicycle
17. Final Verdict
• With Indian government setting up the target to achieve 100% electric vehicles goal by 2030,
electric bicycles are going to play an important part in coming years , the prime example can be
given about Mysuru who recently badged the best non motorized transport award for its
adoption of electric bicycles initiative.
• With growing awareness about the environment risk involved , a lot of research is being carried
out in this field with the research on Li ion batteries acting as the primary deciding factor as these
are going to replace fossils as electric fuel. IISER PUNE has found low cost high quality materials
for manufacturing Li ion batteries which will further help reducing the costs involved in ebicycles
production.
• With the current scenario, we can develop energy efficient and mid powered ebicycles in around
Rs 17000 which is promised to be reduced with upcoming advancement in technologies which
thus creates s huge market for this product.
• Social media has took over as the leading marketing platform and thus we can incorporate these
measures to reach the masses in a much easier way. Just for an example FAT BIKER VAIBHAV
channel on YouTube is one of the most liked channels on YouTube with reach to millions of
viewers in his every video. We can offer our product to such people for review which will not only
provide us cheapest and best marketing but also enhance sales.