Kachru developed the Three Circle Model of World Englishes which classifies varieties of English into Inner Circle, Outer Circle, and Expanding Circle. The Inner Circle refers to countries where English is the primary language such as the UK, US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The Outer Circle includes countries that were former British colonies where English has an important status though it is not the primary language. The Expanding Circle consists of countries where English is taught as a foreign language like China, Japan, and Poland. However, Crystal criticized that the model cannot fully represent the dynamic realities of how English is used globally.