Jordan : Water Secuirty
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The document discusses water security and policies for food security in Jordan. It provides an overview of Jordan's limited water resources and agricultural sector. Jordan ranks as the 4th poorest country in water resources and relies heavily on groundwater. The agricultural sector contributes 2.7% to GDP but is important for exports. Jordan's strategic goals include increasing food production, conserving resources, and improving water use efficiency. The document analyzes various water policies and their impacts, such as reducing irrigation water allocation. It recommends policies like increasing desalination, wastewater treatment, and water pricing to improve water and food security in Jordan.
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Jordan : Water Secuirty
- 1. Water Security International Conference on Policies for Water and Food Security in Dry Areas 24th to 26th of June, Cairo, Egypt Eng. Mohammed Hiary HashemiteKingdomeof JORDAN
- 2. Jordan Overview • Total area 89.213 km2. • $31 Billion GDP. • 6.2 Million Population, 80 percent urban. • World Trade Organization member since 2000. • upper middle-income, per-capita GNI of US$4,340. InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June, Cairo,Egypt 2 WB 2012
- 3. Jordan Overview • Jordan has limited natural resources, potash and phosphate are the main export commodities. • limited agricultural land, and water is especially scarce. • Ranks as the world’s fourth poorest country in terms of water resources. • Services account for more than 70 percent of (GDP) and more than 75 percent of jobs. InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June, Cairo,Egypt 3 WB 2012
- 4. Jordan’s Agricultural sector • 285 ha cultivated area. • 90 ha forest area. • 2.7 % contribution in GDP. • 18.2% contribution in total exports. • 850.000 tons total exports quantity • $1.217 Billion total exports value. • Net Exporter of Fruits and vegetables (Tomato, Eggplant, Pepper, Peach, Watermelon…) • Net Importer of grains (Wheat, corn, Barley…) InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June, Cairo,Egypt 4
- 5. Jordan’s Agricultural sector • Most Vegetable production cultivated under drip irrigation systems, both open field, and green houses. • Olive Oil mainly produced in Rain fed orchards. • Stone fruits and grape production depends on groundwater exploitation. • Irrigation Water resources are Rainfall, springs, Artesian wells, treated waste water, and dams. • Farming units • 3-4 ha in Jordan Valley • 20-50 ha in high lands • 1 or less ha rain fed orchards InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June, Cairo,Egypt 5
- 6. Agricultural sector’s Strategic goals 1. Increase food production. 2. Sustain natural resources and conserve environment. 1. Enhance investment in agriculture. 2. Achieve Rural development. 3. Raise water use efficiency at farm scale. 4. Improve Agricultural production add value and increase its share in GDP. InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June, Cairo,Egypt 6
- 8. Self Sufficiency Ratio (SSR) Total production (Ton) % Sufficiency Item 198011.8Wheat 292856.1Barley 548913.8Beef 1078941lamb 19048686Chicken 777820226Tomato 51733105Table Egg 21648382Potato 19447103Olive oil InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June, Cairo,Egypt 8 DOS 2011
- 9. Strategic goals… Irrigation water 1. Reducing the annual water allocation for irrigation in Jordan Valley to 261 MCM in 2022 (293 MCM in 2007) and in the Highlands to 191 MCM in 2022 (304 MCM in 2007) 2. Establishing efficient bulk water distribution as well as efficient on-farm irrigation systems. 3. Using treated wastewater for activities that demonstrate the highest financial and social return including irrigation and other non-potable uses. InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas– 24-26June,Cairo,Egypt 9
- 10. Strategic goals… Irrigation water 4. Establish one service provider for irrigation water for the whole country, whereas the retail function for irrigation water will be privatized and/or handled by empowered farmers’ associations. 5. Set a Tariff of water and introduce incentives to promote water efficiency in irrigation and higher economic returns for irrigated agricultural products. 6. Promote alternative technologies such as rainwater harvesting for enhancing irrigation water supply. InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas– 24-26June,Cairo,Egypt 10
- 12. Rainfall distribution InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June, Cairo,Egypt 12 Area km2Rainfall Volume MCM 6338493.414Desert 19.9142.947Arid 2.9471.160Semi Arid 1.965513Marginal 0.7390Humid 89.3008424Total MOA 2012
- 13. Water Resources 2007 InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June, Cairo,Egypt 13 Non-Renewable Groundwater (Jafr+Lajjoun) 25 2.9% Desalinated Water (Abu Zeighan +Aqaba) 10 1.2% Peace Treaty 50 5.8% Artificial Recharge 55 6.3% Safe Yield Groundwater 275 31.7% Developed Surface 295 34.0% Non-Renewable Groundwater (Disi+Hisban) 66 7.6% Treated Wastewater (Irrigation) 87 10.0% Treated Wastewater (Industry) 4 0.5%
- 14. Projected Water resources 2022 InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June, Cairo,Egypt 14 Non-Renewable Groundwater (Jafr+Lajjoun) 15 1% Desalinated Water (Abu Zeighan +Aqaba) 20 1% Desalinated 500 31% Peace Treaty 50 3% Artificial Recharge 25 2% Safe Yield Groundwater 275 17% Developed Surface 365 22% Non-Renewable Groundwater (Disi+Hisban) 135 8% Treated Wastewater (Irrigation) 220 13% Treated Wastewater (Industry) 27 2%
- 15. Water policies and food security Constraints • Water demand is over supply. • Water supply exceeds resources. • Population growth and immigrations amplify water and food demand . • Drought seasons and rain fall uncertainty stress water resources. • Local Food demand. (regional off season producer) • Employment in the sector. InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June, Cairo,Egypt 15
- 17. Waste water treatment Wateruser Association InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26 June,Cairo,Egypt 17
- 18. Supply management Source allocation InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June, Cairo,Egypt 18
- 19. Water harvest Switch crop InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26 June,Cairo,Egypt 19
- 20. Desalination Out flow control InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26 June,Cairo,Egypt 20
- 21. InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26 June,Cairo,Egypt 21 Water policy Action Justification Results Constrains Reduce annual water allocation for irrigation purposes South agricultural companies stoppage (10 thousand ha) Convey 100 MCM of drinking water to Amman Reduce total country production (23% potato, 17% onion, 9.5% water melon) •Local Unemploym ent. Reduce annual water allocation for irrigation purposes Control water out flow through Jordan Valley Canal Manage the seasonal demand Change cropping pattern •Unplanned changed Improve water distribution Establish Water user associations (WUA) Improve water use efficiency 16 WUA •Weak team work spirit. •Finance dependent Associations
- 22. InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June, Cairo,Egypt 22 Water policy Action Justification Results Constrains Use of Alternative technologies Implement water harvest techniques Run off and Evaporation of rainfall (95%) Construct 45 sites (3.3 MCM) •Need for Fund Reinforce regulation (85/2002) Escalated Tariff on wells exploitation Suppress over- exploitation Only Generate income •Farmers Mentality Reinforce regulation (85/2002) Monitoring wells Suppress over- exploitation reduction in illegal wells no. •Conflict of interest Waste water treatment 27 wastewater treatment plants Shortage of supply 104 MCM used in agriculture •Sewage systems uncover 33% of population •Implementation costs
- 23. Results & impacts on Food • Consumption changes due farmers Switch production (stone fruits) • Less supply of food • Prices Increase. • Export quantities decrease. • Food Shortage in import countries (winter time) InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26 June,Cairo,Egypt 23
- 24. Recommendationsto policy-makers 1. Desalination, waste water treatment, and water harvesting are safe substitute resources for Jordan. 2. Changing mentality of users will improve water use efficiency. 3. Crop planning is a vital key to sustain water and enhance agricultural production. 4. Water pricing for all uses must be cost dependent. InternationalConferenceon PoliciesforWaterandFood SecurityinDryAreas–24-26 June,Cairo,Egypt 24
- 25. Thanks for listening Questions, comments and suggestions are welcome