Davis, rulli & olayide 2018 isds
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This document summarizes a study on analyzing the water usage and nutritional yields of staple crops in Nigeria. It finds that rice has the highest total water footprint but lower protein and iron contents compared to maize and millet. The study developed a crop water model and database to estimate water demands and nutrient profiles of various crops. It recommends identifying crops that offer the best tradeoffs between low water use and high nutrition to inform sustainable agricultural policies and practices in Nigeria. The document stresses the importance of stakeholder engagement and building collaboration between government, academic and nonprofit organizations to facilitate evidence-based decision making.
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Davis, rulli & olayide 2018 isds
- 1. Water Footprints and Nutritional Yields of Staple Crops in Nigeria Kyle Frankel Davis (kd2620@columbia.edu) Co-Authors: Maria Cristina Rulli and Olawale Emmanuel Olayide 28 August 2018, Ibadan Sustainable Development Summit, Ibadan, Nigeria
- 2. Climate change is expected to impact crop yields World Bank
- 3. SSA faces substantial sustainability challenges FAO 2017; Mekonnen and Hoekstra +220 million by 2050 45 million with food insecurity 110 million with seasonal water scarcity ~140 million more fed since 1960s Life expectancy: 40 53 years
- 4. Nigeria already experiences unsustainable water use Davis and Olayide 2018
- 5. Steps to enact sustainable change in agriculture Davis and Olayide 2018 Solutions with co- benefits Policy mechanisms Evidence-based decision- making Database development Local goals and priorities Stakeholder feedback
- 6. Steps to enact sustainable change in agriculture Davis and Olayide 2018 Solutions with co- benefits Policy mechanisms Evidence-based decision- making Database development Local goals and priorities Stakeholder feedback Agricultural Transformation Agenda (2011) Agriculture Promotion Policy (2016) + Definition of policy objectives + Organization and implementation strategies Do priority crops align with SDG
- 7. Building an agricultural database for Nigeria Davis and Olayide 2018 Solutions with co- benefits Policy mechanisms Evidence-based decision- making Database development Local goals and priorities Stakeholder feedback National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) • Yield and area • Years: 1994-2006 Limited information on environmental impacts, nutrition, and climate change
- 8. Building an agricultural database for Nigeria Davis and Olayide 2018 Solutions with co- benefits Policy mechanisms Evidence-based decision- making Database development Local goals and priorities Stakeholder feedback • Nutrient content of crops • Water use • Energy use • GHG emissions • Climate resilience • Input costs • Labor requirements • Regularly updated prod. data • Use of remote sensing estimates
- 9. Which staple crops offer the best outcomes in terms of water use and nutritional supply?
- 10. Estimating crop water demand 73% of crop production and 65% of harvested area Process-based crop water model• Rainfall • Temperature • Soil type • Planting date • Cassava • Groundnut • Maize • Millet • Potato • Rice • Sorghum • Soybean • Sweet Potato • Wheat • Yam • Crop coefficient • Wind speed • Relative humidity • Net radiation Crop water requiremen t (mm H2O yr-1) Blue and Green CWRs
- 11. Davis, Rulli, and Olayide, In Prep. Maize Millet RiceTotalCWR (mm) BlueCWR (mm) 0 579 701 1135 0 720 668 1096 0 1090 717 1349
- 12. Identifying tradeoffs between nutrition and water use Davis, Rulli, and Olayide, In Prep.; Oguntona and 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 MaizeMillet Rice m3H2Opertonne 0 20 40 60 80 100 Maize Millet Rice m3H2Opergprotein 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Maize Millet Rice m3H2Opermgiron
- 13. Steps to enact sustainable change in agriculture Davis and Olayide 2018 Solutions with co- benefits Policy mechanisms Evidence-based decision- making Database development Local goals and priorities Stakeholder feedback
- 14. Current Rice replacements: Lowest Blue WFP GHGs 0 0 0 0 0 (ktonn e) 100 0 20 1 0 1 0 750 (km3) 400 (Mtonne CO2eq) 0. 2 1 Water 0 (ktonn e) 0 (Mtonne ) 0 (1012 kcal) Calories Protein Iron ZincTemp Precip Climate sensitivity Eliminating tradeoffs Lowest Total WFP Highest Iron Highest Protein Davis et al. In Prep.
- 15. Stakeholder engagement is essential Davis and Olayide 2018 Solutions with co- benefits Policy mechanisms Evidence-based decision- making Database development Local goals and priorities Stakeholder feedback
- 16. Understanding stakeholder priorities Ministry of Agriculture National Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Environment IFPRI FAO Centre for Sustainable Development University of Ibadan
- 17. Multidimensional perspective to inform policy • Critical need for agricultural data in Nigeria • Thinking multidimensionally minimizes the risk of undesirable outcomes • Provide evidence that allows decision-makers to weigh tradeoffs • COLLABORATORS WELCOME!
- 18. Thank You Kyle Davis kd2620@columbia.ed u Olawale Olayide oe.olayide@ui.edu.ng
Editor's Notes
- So by combining all of these different measures, I’m now thinking of how to convey this information to policy makers in a way that’s easily comprehended, and this just gives one example of a way to visualize the outcomes of different scenarios, where the higher on a particular axis that a line occurs, the better it performs along that dimension. So for water for example, you can see that water demand increases as you move down the axis, and that a line that occurs higher on the water axis actually means a lower water demand for that scenario. And this can help decision makers to really think about whether the outcomes of a particular scenario would be acceptable, and this approach can be expanded to include other dimensions and may even be used in some type of Pareto optimality to identify the solution that maximizes benefits across all dimensions.
- I also have similar work that I am starting in Nigeria, where I am committed to understanding the country’s priorities and goals in terms of sustainability and climate change adaptation and to identifying ways that my expertise can contribute to informed, science-based decision-making.