This document summarizes India's experience with technology and policy support for ensuring water and food security in dry areas. It notes that while India has only 4.2% of the world's freshwater resources, it supports 16% of the global population and relies heavily on agriculture. Key policies and programs aimed at increasing irrigation potential, improving water use efficiency, and boosting production in rainfed areas. However, rainfed agriculture still faces challenges of low and erratic rainfall as well as low investment. Watershed management programs and harnessing rainfall surplus potential offer opportunities to increase productivity and food security in India's drylands.
Syria: Success story of whate self-sufficiency ICARDA
This document summarizes Syria's successful efforts to achieve self-sufficiency in wheat production. Agriculture has historically contributed 16-24% to Syria's GDP. Wheat is the most important food crop, making up 35% of cropped area and 20% of crop production value. In the late 1980s, Syria faced difficulties providing enough flour and decided to become self-sufficient in wheat. This involved increasing irrigated and rain-fed wheat areas through policies supporting production planning, inputs/credit, irrigation, research, and marketing/prices. As a result of these policies, wheat production increased over 92% between 1990-2011, with productivity nearly doubling. Syria has now achieved over 98% self-sufficiency in wheat.
The Role of Agricultural Policy Reform and Investment in meeting Future Food...ICARDA
Mark W. Rosegrant
COP Session November 16, 2016
Session Title: Coping with Climate Change in MENA Region: Meeting future food demand through science and innovation
Time & Location: 15:00 – 16:30, Room 1, Green Zone
Partners: ICARDA (Leading Role) & INRA Morocco
Agricultural technological innovation in MENA in the context of climate chang...ICARDA
Aly Abousabaa
Director General ICARDA
COP22 Session - November 16th 2016, Coping with Climate Change in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region Meeting future food demand through SCIENCE & INNOVATION
The document discusses water security and policies for food security in Jordan. It provides an overview of Jordan's limited water resources and agricultural sector. Jordan ranks as the 4th poorest country in water resources and relies heavily on groundwater. The agricultural sector contributes 2.7% to GDP but is important for exports. Jordan's strategic goals include increasing food production, conserving resources, and improving water use efficiency. The document analyzes various water policies and their impacts, such as reducing irrigation water allocation. It recommends policies like increasing desalination, wastewater treatment, and water pricing to improve water and food security in Jordan.
Two thirds of Africa's arable lands could be lost by 2025 due to climate change negatively impacting soils. Soil erosion, loss of organic carbon, and nutrient depletion are key threats. Africa loses 3% of agricultural GDP annually from soil and nutrient loss. Small family farms dominate agriculture in Africa. Climate change is projected to significantly reduce agricultural productivity in Africa by 2080, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Adaptation measures like climate-smart agriculture, agroforestry, conservation agriculture, and indigenous practices like Zai pits can help increase resilience and food security if widely adopted.
"Enhancing Global Collaborations in Crop Science" GPC Symposium on 4th Nov. 2018 , CSSA/ASA Annual meeting In Baltimore USA.
Mathew Reynolds, CIMMYT, Mexico. Developing research collaborations and spreading best practices in wheat research.
Challenges and Solutions to Food SecuritySanjay Sethi
Presented at 3rd International Conference on Global Warming - Food Security organised by Environment Protection & Development Authority, Ras al Khaimah
Syria: Success story of whate self-sufficiency ICARDA
This document summarizes Syria's successful efforts to achieve self-sufficiency in wheat production. Agriculture has historically contributed 16-24% to Syria's GDP. Wheat is the most important food crop, making up 35% of cropped area and 20% of crop production value. In the late 1980s, Syria faced difficulties providing enough flour and decided to become self-sufficient in wheat. This involved increasing irrigated and rain-fed wheat areas through policies supporting production planning, inputs/credit, irrigation, research, and marketing/prices. As a result of these policies, wheat production increased over 92% between 1990-2011, with productivity nearly doubling. Syria has now achieved over 98% self-sufficiency in wheat.
The Role of Agricultural Policy Reform and Investment in meeting Future Food...ICARDA
Mark W. Rosegrant
COP Session November 16, 2016
Session Title: Coping with Climate Change in MENA Region: Meeting future food demand through science and innovation
Time & Location: 15:00 – 16:30, Room 1, Green Zone
Partners: ICARDA (Leading Role) & INRA Morocco
Agricultural technological innovation in MENA in the context of climate chang...ICARDA
Aly Abousabaa
Director General ICARDA
COP22 Session - November 16th 2016, Coping with Climate Change in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region Meeting future food demand through SCIENCE & INNOVATION
The document discusses water security and policies for food security in Jordan. It provides an overview of Jordan's limited water resources and agricultural sector. Jordan ranks as the 4th poorest country in water resources and relies heavily on groundwater. The agricultural sector contributes 2.7% to GDP but is important for exports. Jordan's strategic goals include increasing food production, conserving resources, and improving water use efficiency. The document analyzes various water policies and their impacts, such as reducing irrigation water allocation. It recommends policies like increasing desalination, wastewater treatment, and water pricing to improve water and food security in Jordan.
Two thirds of Africa's arable lands could be lost by 2025 due to climate change negatively impacting soils. Soil erosion, loss of organic carbon, and nutrient depletion are key threats. Africa loses 3% of agricultural GDP annually from soil and nutrient loss. Small family farms dominate agriculture in Africa. Climate change is projected to significantly reduce agricultural productivity in Africa by 2080, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Adaptation measures like climate-smart agriculture, agroforestry, conservation agriculture, and indigenous practices like Zai pits can help increase resilience and food security if widely adopted.
"Enhancing Global Collaborations in Crop Science" GPC Symposium on 4th Nov. 2018 , CSSA/ASA Annual meeting In Baltimore USA.
Mathew Reynolds, CIMMYT, Mexico. Developing research collaborations and spreading best practices in wheat research.
Challenges and Solutions to Food SecuritySanjay Sethi
Presented at 3rd International Conference on Global Warming - Food Security organised by Environment Protection & Development Authority, Ras al Khaimah
"Large-scale land-based agricultural investments -- Current status, lessons l...SIANI
Presented at the Seminar on Responsible Agricultural Investments in Developing Countries: How to Make Principles and Guidelines Effective? Organized by Swedish FAO Committee & SIANI
Channing Arndt
COUNTRY WORKSHOP
The Knowledge Lab on Climate Resilient Food Systems: An analytical support facility to achieve the SDGs
Co-Organized by IFPRI and AGRA
FEB 7, 2019 - 08:30 AM TO 05:55 PM EAT
The document summarizes food security measures in dry land areas of Ethiopia. It discusses key policies and interventions to ensure food security, including strengthening agricultural research, extension services, natural resource management, irrigation, and food security programs. It notes that dry land areas cover 68% of Ethiopia and support over 30 million people. The main lessons are the need for integrated approaches at national, community, and household levels to address issues like land degradation and promote water and food security. Emerging challenges include climate change impacts and limited technology uptake in dry land areas. Main recommendations are to strengthen integrated approaches and agricultural research, improve technology delivery, and build human and institutional capacity.
This document provides an overview of agriculture in Bangladesh, outlining its current position, challenges, prospects, and relevant policies. It discusses the importance of agriculture to Bangladesh's economy and livelihoods. Some key challenges facing Bangladeshi agriculture are land scarcity, climate change impacts like flooding and drought, and lack of mechanization. The document also outlines strategies and policies to promote food security and adaptation to climate change through stress-tolerant crops and practices.
Potential yields and yield gaps in wheat: the bases of wheat yield progressCIMMYT
Presentation delivered by Dr. Tony Fischer (CSIRO, Australia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
Presentation delivered by Dr. Tray Thomas (The Context Network, USA) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
This document discusses issues related to improving Indian agriculture. It identifies key issues such as revitalizing cooperatives, improving rural credit, research and education, and promoting trade. It emphasizes the need for better seeds, crop management using fertilizers and machinery efficiently, and conserving resources like water. The document outlines India's role in global agriculture production and constraints like limited arable land and water resources. It stresses producing more food sustainably with fewer resources to meet growing demand.
Global Pulse Scenario: Consumption, Production and TradeICARDA
Global pulse consumption is increasing but per capita consumption is declining. Production is around 72 million tons annually from 80 million hectares, with the top five pulses (dry beans, chickpeas, dry peas, cowpeas, and lentils) accounting for about 80% of production. Yields are increasing in developed countries but stagnant in developing countries, where most pulses are grown. Trade in pulses is growing and around 12 million tons annually, with developed countries exporting 65% and developing countries importing 82%. Future outlook predicts global pulse demand to increase by 10-23% by 2030, requiring a doubling of yields or additional area to meet demand.
1) Pulses production in India has seen four distinct phases from pre-green revolution to the current post-trade spike period. Government schemes have aimed to boost production but India remains a major importer.
2) Chickpea and pigeonpea are the major pulses crops in India. Analysis found high yield instability and gaps between actual and potential yields for both crops.
3) Determinants of area allocation found pulses compete with cereals and irrigation negatively impacts pulses area. Regional specialization and geographical continuity in production were also observed.
This document discusses a study that used a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze the potential impacts of adopting hydroponics technology in Pakistan's fruit and vegetable sector and on global trade. The study adapted the GTAP global CGE model with separate sectors for fruits and vegetables among 15 aggregated sectors and 30 aggregated regions including Pakistan. Simulations were run to quantify the effects of increasing hydroponics production of fruits and vegetables in Pakistan and reducing import tariffs on chemicals used as inputs. The results showed overall positive impacts on Pakistan's real GDP, sectoral exports and imports, terms of trade, and domestic prices of fruits and vegetables, indicating that adopting hydroponics technology could benefit Pakistan's macroeconomic indicators and consumer welfare.
The CGIAR – CIMMYT ICARDA Experience: Conservation Agriculture in Wheat Syste...Iwl Pcu
This document discusses conservation agriculture practices in wheat systems presented at a regional conference in Turkey. It describes the three main components of conservation agriculture: surface crop residue retention, minimal soil movement, and crop rotation. It highlights challenges small farmers face in adopting conservation agriculture and presents results from long-term trials in Mexico and Turkey that show higher yields and economic returns from conservation agriculture practices like zero-tillage and crop residue retention compared to conventional tillage that removes residues. The document concludes discussing challenges to adopting conservation agriculture at scale and lists contacts for more information.
Presented at the Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health” on 31 May-1 June 2016 at NASC, New Delhi, India. The conference was jointly organised by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), TCi of Cornell University (TCi-CU) and Agriculture Today.
Assessment of genetic resources conservation and use in Near East and North A...ICARDA
Dr. Ahmed Amri
COP22 Session - 8th November 2016, Marrakech
Genetic Resources Regional Strategy: A strategic framework for genetic conservation and sustainable use in MENA .
National rice development strategy of ghanaFatimata Kone
This document presents Ghana's National Rice Development Strategy (NRDS) from 2008 to 2018. It aims to double rice production in Ghana to address food security and import reliance. Currently, Ghana's rice production only meets 24% of domestic demand but consumption is rising. The strategy was developed by national experts based on constraints like inadequate land, seeds, fertilizer, and machinery. It proposes increasing production in rain-fed upland, lowland and irrigated areas. If implemented successfully, the strategy could increase per capita rice consumption to 63kg by 2018 and reduce the country's reliance on rice imports.
"Agricultural Mechanization in Bangladesh: Role of Policies and Emerging Private Sector" presented by M.A. Sattar Mandal at NSD/IFPRI workshop on "Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa", June 18-19, 2014, Beijing, China
Presented at 2016 International Conference on Pulses for Health Nutrition and Sustainable Agriculture in Dry Lands.
The Conference is from April 18-20, 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco, and being organized by ICARDA, INRA (Morocco) and IFAD in partnership with FAO, OCP Foundation and CRP Grain Legumes.
1. The document discusses the opportunities of recarbonizing soils through conservation agriculture (CA) in Africa.
2. CA involves practices like no-tillage, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations that can sequester carbon in soils and mitigate climate change impacts on agriculture.
3. Implementing CA brings additional benefits to farmers including increased soil fertility and crop productivity, improved water retention, and greater farm profits and resilience to climate variability.
This document summarizes a regional workshop on sustainable agricultural mechanization practices in Sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the current state of mechanization on the continent, common business models for tractor hire services, and the capacity development needs of machinery owners and operators. Key points include: 1) Mechanization levels in Africa have declined since independence while rising in Asia; 2) Tractor hire services are often run as small businesses with minimal record keeping; 3) Operators lack technical skills in machine operation and maintenance; 4) Training programs need to target machine owners, operators, and artisans on business management, technical skills, and manufacturing techniques. The document argues that partnerships between public and private sectors can help strengthen capacities across the agricultural mechanization
The presentation is by P Kumar, IARI and P K Joshi, IFPRI from the one day workshop on ‘Pulses for Nutrition in India: Changing Patterns from Farm-to-Fork’ organized on Jan 14, 2014. The workshop is based on a few studies conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute under the CGIAR’s Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. These studies covered the entire domain of pulse sector in India from production to consumption, prices to trade, processing to value addition, and from innovations to the role of private sector in strengthening the entire pulse value chain. These studies were designed to better understand the drivers of changing dynamics of pulses in the value chain from farm-to-fork, and explore opportunities for meeting their availability through increased production, enhanced trade and improved efficiency.
Bangladesh Introduction Bangladesh’s agriculture is rapidly transforming due to social and economic development. These transformations have implications on resource use, food production, and technology development. This paper presents key long-term transformation in Bangladesh’s agriculture.
Uzbekistan: Water and Food Security Case StudyICARDA
This document presents a case study on water and food security in Uzbekistan. It discusses:
- The role of agriculture and irrigated farming in Uzbekistan's economy and challenges facing the sector.
- Actions implemented to improve irrigation systems, including land reclamation and water-saving technologies.
- Results of these efforts showing increased water productivity, reduced water losses, and improved soil fertility.
- Lessons learned around capacity building, innovation adoption, and integrated water resources management.
This document discusses food security and sustainable development issues to be addressed at the Rio+20 Conference. It provides context on challenges to food security in the Arab region including limited natural resources and effects of climate change and desertification. It summarizes international commitments around food security, such as from the Rome Declaration and CSD-17. The document proposes that Rio+20 address new issues like climate adaptation and establish sustainable development goals around food including increasing agricultural efficiency and reducing land degradation. It argues a green economy approach can help balance environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainable land management and food security.
"Large-scale land-based agricultural investments -- Current status, lessons l...SIANI
Presented at the Seminar on Responsible Agricultural Investments in Developing Countries: How to Make Principles and Guidelines Effective? Organized by Swedish FAO Committee & SIANI
Channing Arndt
COUNTRY WORKSHOP
The Knowledge Lab on Climate Resilient Food Systems: An analytical support facility to achieve the SDGs
Co-Organized by IFPRI and AGRA
FEB 7, 2019 - 08:30 AM TO 05:55 PM EAT
The document summarizes food security measures in dry land areas of Ethiopia. It discusses key policies and interventions to ensure food security, including strengthening agricultural research, extension services, natural resource management, irrigation, and food security programs. It notes that dry land areas cover 68% of Ethiopia and support over 30 million people. The main lessons are the need for integrated approaches at national, community, and household levels to address issues like land degradation and promote water and food security. Emerging challenges include climate change impacts and limited technology uptake in dry land areas. Main recommendations are to strengthen integrated approaches and agricultural research, improve technology delivery, and build human and institutional capacity.
This document provides an overview of agriculture in Bangladesh, outlining its current position, challenges, prospects, and relevant policies. It discusses the importance of agriculture to Bangladesh's economy and livelihoods. Some key challenges facing Bangladeshi agriculture are land scarcity, climate change impacts like flooding and drought, and lack of mechanization. The document also outlines strategies and policies to promote food security and adaptation to climate change through stress-tolerant crops and practices.
Potential yields and yield gaps in wheat: the bases of wheat yield progressCIMMYT
Presentation delivered by Dr. Tony Fischer (CSIRO, Australia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
Presentation delivered by Dr. Tray Thomas (The Context Network, USA) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
This document discusses issues related to improving Indian agriculture. It identifies key issues such as revitalizing cooperatives, improving rural credit, research and education, and promoting trade. It emphasizes the need for better seeds, crop management using fertilizers and machinery efficiently, and conserving resources like water. The document outlines India's role in global agriculture production and constraints like limited arable land and water resources. It stresses producing more food sustainably with fewer resources to meet growing demand.
Global Pulse Scenario: Consumption, Production and TradeICARDA
Global pulse consumption is increasing but per capita consumption is declining. Production is around 72 million tons annually from 80 million hectares, with the top five pulses (dry beans, chickpeas, dry peas, cowpeas, and lentils) accounting for about 80% of production. Yields are increasing in developed countries but stagnant in developing countries, where most pulses are grown. Trade in pulses is growing and around 12 million tons annually, with developed countries exporting 65% and developing countries importing 82%. Future outlook predicts global pulse demand to increase by 10-23% by 2030, requiring a doubling of yields or additional area to meet demand.
1) Pulses production in India has seen four distinct phases from pre-green revolution to the current post-trade spike period. Government schemes have aimed to boost production but India remains a major importer.
2) Chickpea and pigeonpea are the major pulses crops in India. Analysis found high yield instability and gaps between actual and potential yields for both crops.
3) Determinants of area allocation found pulses compete with cereals and irrigation negatively impacts pulses area. Regional specialization and geographical continuity in production were also observed.
This document discusses a study that used a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze the potential impacts of adopting hydroponics technology in Pakistan's fruit and vegetable sector and on global trade. The study adapted the GTAP global CGE model with separate sectors for fruits and vegetables among 15 aggregated sectors and 30 aggregated regions including Pakistan. Simulations were run to quantify the effects of increasing hydroponics production of fruits and vegetables in Pakistan and reducing import tariffs on chemicals used as inputs. The results showed overall positive impacts on Pakistan's real GDP, sectoral exports and imports, terms of trade, and domestic prices of fruits and vegetables, indicating that adopting hydroponics technology could benefit Pakistan's macroeconomic indicators and consumer welfare.
The CGIAR – CIMMYT ICARDA Experience: Conservation Agriculture in Wheat Syste...Iwl Pcu
This document discusses conservation agriculture practices in wheat systems presented at a regional conference in Turkey. It describes the three main components of conservation agriculture: surface crop residue retention, minimal soil movement, and crop rotation. It highlights challenges small farmers face in adopting conservation agriculture and presents results from long-term trials in Mexico and Turkey that show higher yields and economic returns from conservation agriculture practices like zero-tillage and crop residue retention compared to conventional tillage that removes residues. The document concludes discussing challenges to adopting conservation agriculture at scale and lists contacts for more information.
Presented at the Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health” on 31 May-1 June 2016 at NASC, New Delhi, India. The conference was jointly organised by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), TCi of Cornell University (TCi-CU) and Agriculture Today.
Assessment of genetic resources conservation and use in Near East and North A...ICARDA
Dr. Ahmed Amri
COP22 Session - 8th November 2016, Marrakech
Genetic Resources Regional Strategy: A strategic framework for genetic conservation and sustainable use in MENA .
National rice development strategy of ghanaFatimata Kone
This document presents Ghana's National Rice Development Strategy (NRDS) from 2008 to 2018. It aims to double rice production in Ghana to address food security and import reliance. Currently, Ghana's rice production only meets 24% of domestic demand but consumption is rising. The strategy was developed by national experts based on constraints like inadequate land, seeds, fertilizer, and machinery. It proposes increasing production in rain-fed upland, lowland and irrigated areas. If implemented successfully, the strategy could increase per capita rice consumption to 63kg by 2018 and reduce the country's reliance on rice imports.
"Agricultural Mechanization in Bangladesh: Role of Policies and Emerging Private Sector" presented by M.A. Sattar Mandal at NSD/IFPRI workshop on "Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa", June 18-19, 2014, Beijing, China
Presented at 2016 International Conference on Pulses for Health Nutrition and Sustainable Agriculture in Dry Lands.
The Conference is from April 18-20, 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco, and being organized by ICARDA, INRA (Morocco) and IFAD in partnership with FAO, OCP Foundation and CRP Grain Legumes.
1. The document discusses the opportunities of recarbonizing soils through conservation agriculture (CA) in Africa.
2. CA involves practices like no-tillage, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations that can sequester carbon in soils and mitigate climate change impacts on agriculture.
3. Implementing CA brings additional benefits to farmers including increased soil fertility and crop productivity, improved water retention, and greater farm profits and resilience to climate variability.
This document summarizes a regional workshop on sustainable agricultural mechanization practices in Sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the current state of mechanization on the continent, common business models for tractor hire services, and the capacity development needs of machinery owners and operators. Key points include: 1) Mechanization levels in Africa have declined since independence while rising in Asia; 2) Tractor hire services are often run as small businesses with minimal record keeping; 3) Operators lack technical skills in machine operation and maintenance; 4) Training programs need to target machine owners, operators, and artisans on business management, technical skills, and manufacturing techniques. The document argues that partnerships between public and private sectors can help strengthen capacities across the agricultural mechanization
The presentation is by P Kumar, IARI and P K Joshi, IFPRI from the one day workshop on ‘Pulses for Nutrition in India: Changing Patterns from Farm-to-Fork’ organized on Jan 14, 2014. The workshop is based on a few studies conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute under the CGIAR’s Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. These studies covered the entire domain of pulse sector in India from production to consumption, prices to trade, processing to value addition, and from innovations to the role of private sector in strengthening the entire pulse value chain. These studies were designed to better understand the drivers of changing dynamics of pulses in the value chain from farm-to-fork, and explore opportunities for meeting their availability through increased production, enhanced trade and improved efficiency.
Bangladesh Introduction Bangladesh’s agriculture is rapidly transforming due to social and economic development. These transformations have implications on resource use, food production, and technology development. This paper presents key long-term transformation in Bangladesh’s agriculture.
Uzbekistan: Water and Food Security Case StudyICARDA
This document presents a case study on water and food security in Uzbekistan. It discusses:
- The role of agriculture and irrigated farming in Uzbekistan's economy and challenges facing the sector.
- Actions implemented to improve irrigation systems, including land reclamation and water-saving technologies.
- Results of these efforts showing increased water productivity, reduced water losses, and improved soil fertility.
- Lessons learned around capacity building, innovation adoption, and integrated water resources management.
This document discusses food security and sustainable development issues to be addressed at the Rio+20 Conference. It provides context on challenges to food security in the Arab region including limited natural resources and effects of climate change and desertification. It summarizes international commitments around food security, such as from the Rome Declaration and CSD-17. The document proposes that Rio+20 address new issues like climate adaptation and establish sustainable development goals around food including increasing agricultural efficiency and reducing land degradation. It argues a green economy approach can help balance environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainable land management and food security.
The document discusses agricultural issues in the Karkheh River Basin of Iran. It provides an overview of the national agricultural sector of Iran and the structure of water management. It then summarizes key issues in the Karkheh River Basin, including low irrigation efficiencies, water scarcity, problems with irrigation infrastructure, small farm sizes, lack of farmer knowledge, and more. Solutions proposed include improving irrigation infrastructure, investing in on-farm activities and research, adopting new technologies, and developing irrigation associations among farmers.
This document discusses policies and programs in India that have contributed to enhancing food security. It outlines key successes in increasing food grain production nationally since the 1950s. However, growth has declined in recent decades. Major challenges to future food security include climate change, water shortages, and land degradation. The document details several important Indian government programs and policies that aim to ensure national food security through increasing production, improving resilience, and enhancing access and nutrition. It also discusses challenges such as climate impacts, water management, and maintaining soil health.
The document discusses ways that USAID can help scale up agroforestry practices in Africa to address food insecurity issues. It outlines how agroforestry has led to re-greening efforts in Niger that improved food production and livelihoods without large costs. It then recommends that USAID identify opportunities to incorporate agroforestry components into existing projects, develop national agroforestry programs, and support building a civil society movement around re-greening practices.
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector 1 (crops sector) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the historical evolution of Pakistan's agricultural sector and carries out its SWOT Analysis by describing its major strengths and weaknesses as well as the threats it faces and the opportunities available for its growth. Then lists the challenges Pakistan's agricultural sector is facing and comes up with a detailed plan of action to face those challenges.
Egypt faces challenges in water resources and food security due to population growth and increasing demands. Only 55.5 billion cubic meters of water is available annually in Egypt, of which 80% is used for agriculture. To address population pressures, Egypt is developing new inhabited areas, increasing industrialization and agriculture which places greater demand on limited water supplies. Food security is also threatened by international factors like biofuels and climate change increasing prices, as well as domestic issues including population growth, loss of agricultural land, and changing diets. Water and land resources are under pressure to sustainably feed and supply the country.
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector-1 (Crops Sector) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
This document provides an overview of Pakistan's agricultural sector through time series and cross-country data, a SWOT analysis, and discussion of challenges and responses. It notes that agriculture remains the dominant sector in Pakistan's economy despite relative decline. The document outlines increases in production of major crops from the 1950s to recent years and compares Pakistan's yields with other countries. It identifies weaknesses like low productivity and threats like climate change facing the sector.
Agroecological socio-economics. Impacts and principlesFAO
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/afns/en/
Presentation from Gaëtan Vanloqueren (University of Louvain, Belgium) describes some of the economic benefits of Agroecology in terms of increased income, employment and savings, as well as its positive externalities in environmental terms. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology for Food Security and Nutrition, held at FAO in Rome on 18-19 September 2014.
This document provides an introduction and objectives of Indian agriculture. It discusses that agriculture remains the backbone of the Indian economy despite rapid growth in the non-agriculture sector. Key points include:
- Agriculture supports 17% of the world's population on 2.3% of land area and 4.2% of water resources.
- Average farm size has reduced while productivity remains lower than world average. Mechanization has increased over time utilizing various power sources to supplement human and animal power.
- Objectives are to increase agricultural productivity and meet future food demand projections through intensification and mechanization using appropriate eco-technologies.
- Mechanization indicators show India's level of mechanization has increased over time
The document summarizes the major developments and policies in Indian agriculture from the 1950s to 2020. Some key points include:
- The 1950s saw stagnation in agriculture but the 1960s-1980s brought the Green Revolution which led to high production through new seeds and irrigation.
- From the 1980s-2000s India transitioned from food security to surplus production and became a net exporter.
- Since 2000 various policies focused on technology adoption, credit access, and missions to boost specific commodities. New schemes supported horticulture and farmers.
- Recent reforms include liberalizing farm markets, expanding e-NAM, crop insurance schemes, and investing in agriculture infrastructure.
Keating - Sustainable intensification and the food security challenge CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Performance of Large Irrigation Schemes using the Example of the Gezira Schem...Mohammad Al-Saidi
The document discusses the performance issues facing large-scale irrigation schemes like Sudan's Gezira scheme. It summarizes that the infrastructure, processes, and outputs of the Gezira scheme have deteriorated over time. Specifically, increased sedimentation has reduced the relative irrigation supply below optimal levels, while water use efficiency is much lower than global averages. As a result, land productivity and crop yields for cotton and other crops are well below attainable international levels. The document advocates for comprehensive performance management and irrigation governance reforms to improve schemes and achieve higher agricultural productivity and livelihoods.
Research Outputs and Approaches to Enhance Food Security and Improve Livelih...ICARDA
The document summarizes research outputs and approaches from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) to enhance food security and improve livelihoods. It discusses constraints like drought, desertification, and climate change leading to food insecurity. ICARDA's strategic plan focuses on risk management, integrated water and land management, and diversification to improve nutrition and incomes. Technologies developed include improved crop varieties tolerant to abiotic stresses and diseases, as well as seed production approaches to cope with drought.
The document summarizes constraints to food security and poverty in dry areas, and discusses ICARDA's research approaches and outputs to enhance food security and livelihoods. It outlines challenges including climate change, water scarcity, and population growth. ICARDA's strategic plan focuses on risk management, integrated water and land management, diversification, and capacity building. The organization develops improved crop varieties and management practices to intensify sustainable production and increase resilience to stresses.
Policy for Food Security & Sustainable Agriculture/Rice Development in Contex...Sri Lmb
Dr. Nguyen Quy Duong presented on 'Policy for Food Security & Sustainable Agriculture/Rice Development in Context of Climate Change in Vietnam' at Regional Review and Planning Workshop 2017, Hanoi, VIetnam
Climate change poses risks to global food security by reducing agricultural productivity and increasing weather variability. The effects are already seen in reduced wheat and maize yields in many regions. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia are particularly vulnerable hotspots. Projections show further crop yield losses after 2030 if temperatures rise over 2°C, posing large risks to food availability and access. Adaptation is needed through use of existing technologies, managing climate risks, exploiting co-benefits of practices that both adapt and mitigate greenhouse gases, identifying benefits of climate change, and addressing poverty and governance challenges.
Rainbow revolution in Agriculture-a step towards sustainabilitysatarupa modak
Agriculture is the main pillar in our country occupies the centre stage of India’s social security and overall economic welfare. Unfortunately the allied sector has remained neglected in the past, now fully realising the emerging complex challenges, need to set a vision to attain rainbow revolution covering the entire spectrum of activities in agriculture, which will make India a developed nation free of poverty, hunger, malnutrition, and make environmentally safe.Rainbow revolution with focus on allied activities new concepts has emerged out and the white, yellow, golden ,red, silver , blue, pink, black and grey revolution are major areas of thrust by the govt. respectively for dairy, oil seed, horticulture, meat industry, egg industry, fisheries, onion, fuel, fertilizer and shrimps production will have to be integrated in a sustainable manner for preserving a healthy environment and enhancing ecosystem that means need to a step towards sustainability. The first agricultural revolution started with shifting cultivation. Then the Industrial revolution made to move agriculture beyond subsistence to generate the kinds of surpluses. And Green revolution has been the corner stone in India for agricultural achievement and transformation from begging bowl to self sufficient in food surplus.
This presentation shows the future and possibilities of future food production in Sudan which illustrates the high potent to increase food crop production and possibilities of leading this sector in Africa and Arab World. ... .........Elgilany Ahmed
Similar to India: Technology and Policy for Water and Food Security (20)
Can we measure female social entrepreneurship? ICARDA
1st Annual Conference of the Private Sector Development Research Network:Private Enterprise and Inclusion12-13 December 2019
Presentation by Anastasia Seferiadis, Sarah Cummings and Bénédicte Gastineau
Building Climate Smart FARMERSThe Indian PerspectiveICARDA
Presented by
DR. KIRIT N SHELAT, I.A.S. (Rtd)
National Council for Climate Change, Sustainable Development and Public Leadership (NCCSD)
AHMEDABAD - INDIA
The document discusses the concepts of Food, Energy, and Water (FEW) and their interlinkages. It describes the Solar Universities Network (SUN) which has 72 registered universities working towards sustainability goals. The network is establishing guidelines around campus water, energy, and plastics use to help universities become carbon neutral. It also presents various perspectives on FEW such as production for food versus fodder, large versus small systems, and using FEW for multiple purposes.
Just Add Water: Approaches to Smart Agricultural Water ManagementICARDA
1) The document discusses approaches to smart agricultural water management including using water more productively, increasing water availability through small reservoirs and managed aquifer recharge, and bringing innovations such as solar irrigation under smarter water management.
2) It notes that water is the first and worst hit resource by climate change and is vital, connecting sectors. The Global Commission on Adaptation report emphasizes helping small-scale producers manage risks and making agriculture climate smart.
3) Pilot projects on on-grid and off-grid solar solutions for irrigation can provide energy access, food security, and incomes while diversifying power grids and reducing costs for farmers.
The DryArc Initiative aims to develop innovative and resilient agri-food systems in dryland regions through a global partnership. It will pursue two pathways: 1) combining existing technologies into systemic innovations tailored to each context, and 2) accelerating the scaling up of impact-targeted innovations. Over four phases from 2019-2030, DryArc will co-design solutions with stakeholders, strengthen capacities, and establish an enabling environment through decision support, monitoring and evaluation, and attracting investment. The goal is to transform agri-food systems and support food/nutrition security and employment in dryland regions vulnerable to problems like land degradation, water scarcity, and climate change impacts.
SUSTAINABLE SILVOPASTORAL RESTORATION TO PROMOTE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN TUNISIAICARDA
25 - 29 November 2019. Antalya, Turkey. Near East Forestry and Range Commission (NEFRC) - 24th Session
Presentation by Dr. Mounir Louhaichi
Rangeland Ecology & Management
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
M.Louhaichi@cigar.org
Highlights on 2019 research outputs and outcomesICARDA
18-20/11/2019. ICARDA Board of Trustees. The Program Committee of the first day was open to all staff. It included:
Highlights of recent research breakthroughs and strategic questions presented by Strategic Research Priorities (CRPs) and Cross Cutting Themes (CCTs).
This document discusses mobile data collection and the advantages of using Computer Aided Personal Interviewing (CAPI) over traditional Pen and Paper Interviewing (PAPI). It introduces Open Data Kit (ODK) as an open source mobile data collection platform that allows for quicker and easier data collection with real-time quality checks. ODK facilitates offline data collection with centralized data storage and repeat questions.
BRINGING INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY ALONG THE WHOLE VALUE CHAIN IN THE MED...ICARDA
Tunis, 6-7 November 2019. Training workshop PRIMA – Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area is the most ambitious joint programme to be undertaken in the frame of Euro-Mediterranean cooperation.
Presentation by Prof. M. Hachicha National Research Institute in Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, University of Carthage | UCAR
Utilizing the reject brine from desalination for implementing integrated agri...ICARDA
14-15 November 2019. Madrid. International Symposium on the use of Non-Conventional Waters to achieve Food Security
DESALINATION - “Advancing desalination: reducing energy consumption and environmental footprint”
Presentation by Ms Dionysia Lyra, International Centre on Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), United Arab Emirates
The role of higher and vocational education and training in developing knowle...ICARDA
This document discusses the role of higher and vocational education in developing skills for agricultural transformation in Africa. It notes that while there are many collaborative projects focusing on research, education, and development, higher education and vocational training institutions do not always collaborate effectively. Specifically, vocational training is often focused on production rather than broader sector transformation. There are opportunities to better connect capacity development projects with development projects through student internships and theses. Improved collaboration between higher education, vocational education, and the private sector could enhance skills development and relevance for employment.
Characteristics of a winning research proposal ICARDA
Tunis, 6-7 November 2019. Training workshop PRIMA – Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area is the most ambitious joint programme to be undertaken in the frame of Euro-Mediterranean cooperation.
Yehia Selmi, co-founder, Bio-wonder, Tunisia.
28 October 2019. Cairo. On the occasion of the 10th Africa Food Day Commemoration, held in joint food and nutrition security research and innovation projects within the Africa-EU Partnership.
Panel 4: Panel 4 – Idea-carriers:
Powering dry areas by empowering food security under the context of climat...ICARDA
This document summarizes a presentation on powering dry areas through food security under climate change. It discusses critical factors like extreme poverty, environmental degradation, and climate impacts. Key themes in Tunisia include effects of climate change on agriculture/food security as population grows. The most pressing priorities are enhancing water productivity, crop improvement, managing salinity, and integrated livestock. Achievable goals include conserving water, developing drought/salt tolerant varieties, reducing yield gaps, and regional technology sharing. Key actors are researchers, farmers, and international organizations. Overall, it stresses the need for collaborative research on scenarios to ensure food/nutrition security under challenges like resource degradation and climate change.
Dr. Jacques Wery, Deputy Director General Research, ICARDA (CGIAR)
28 October 2019. On the occasion of the 10th Africa Food Day Commemoration, held in Egypt under the chairmanship of the African Union by Egypt in 2019, the North Africa event, organized by LEAP4FNSSA with the support of ARC/ Agricultural Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, launched a public private alliance of partners between Europe and North Africa to develop joint food and nutrition security research and innovation projects within the Africa-EU Partnership
Funding networks and mechanisms to support EU AU FNSSA R&I ICARDA
Dr. Bernard Mallet, Agriculture Projects Coordinator, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, France
28 October. On the occasion of the 10th Africa Food Day Commemoration, held in Egypt under the chairmanship of the African Union by Egypt in 2019, the North Africa event, organized by LEAP4FNSSA with the support of ARC/ Agricultural Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, launched a public private alliance of partners between Europe and North Africa to develop joint food and nutrition security research and innovation projects within the Africa-EU Partnership
https://www.icarda.org/media/events/building-research-and-innovation-collaborations-within-frame-african-european
Mapping suitable niche for cactus and legumes in diversified farming in drylandsICARDA
Presentation by Chandrashekhar Biradar and team.
16-18 October 2019. Hyderabad, India. TRUST: Humans, Machines & Ecosystems. This year’s Convention was hosted by The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). The Platform is led by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Letter and Document Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Sol...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on automated letter generation for Bonterra Impact Management using Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.
Interested in deploying letter generation automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Nunit vs XUnit vs MSTest Differences Between These Unit Testing Frameworks.pdfflufftailshop
When it comes to unit testing in the .NET ecosystem, developers have a wide range of options available. Among the most popular choices are NUnit, XUnit, and MSTest. These unit testing frameworks provide essential tools and features to help ensure the quality and reliability of code. However, understanding the differences between these frameworks is crucial for selecting the most suitable one for your projects.
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
India: Technology and Policy for Water and Food Security
1. Technology and Policy Support for
Ensuring Water and Food Security in
Dry Areas: India’s Experience
International Conference on Policies for Water and Food Security in Dry Areas
24th to 26th of June, Cairo, Egypt
Alok Kumar Sikka
India
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
1
2. Overview of the national agricultural sector
India has
2.3 % of world’s land
4.2 % of world’s freshwater resources
16 % of world’s population
17 % of world’s cattle population
Agriculture supports livelihood
for 52% of workforce
Contributes 14% to GDP
Key role in national food
security, supports increased
population from 361 to 1180
million between 1951 & 2010
Net sown area increased from
119 (1950-51) to 140 (1970-71)
M ha, and still about 141 M ha.
Untapped potential in rainfed
areas (60% of NSA)
Challenged to produce 345 Mt by
2030 from 141 M ha or less.
80% small & marginal holders
posses 36% landChanges in Man- Arable Land ratio over the years
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
2
3. Major Agro-ecosystems, Crops &
production systems
3
.
Rice-based
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
4. Water Resources
4
Irrigation uses 83% of water, diversion
of water to agriculture expected to
reduce (72% by 2025)
Increased water use efficiency and
water productivity as response to
growing challenges
Source Quantity (BCM)
Annual rainfall (1190mm) : 4000
Estimated Utilizable water : 1122
Net Irrig. Area : 60 Mha (40%)
Groundwater Contribution : 60%
Rainfed Area : 83 Mha (60%)
GAP
Plan-wise irrigation potential created and utilized in India
(Cumulative)
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
5. Key drivers for agricultural growth
Agricultural Research and Technology Development
Enabling Policies and Programmes
Enabling Institutions
Water and rural Infrastructures
Investment in agriculture
Incentivization
5
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
6. Constraints
Increasing population pressure (1210 million)
Monsoon dependent agriculture, low and/or erratic
rainfall
Pre-dominance of small and marginal farmers
Declining land- base for agriculture
Severe land degradation
Declining per capita water availability
Falling water tables and water quality
Resource poor farmers with low risk bearing capacity
Shortage of farm labor
Increasing cost of inputs
Declining profitability in agriculture
Uncertainties associated with prices/ realization
6
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
7. 7
Agricultural Development Scenario
I. Before Mid 1960’s Low input and low productivity technology– subsistence agriculture.
II. Mid 1960’s to 1990 High input and high productivity technology – production enhancement to
meet food grain demand of growing population (GRT- 1967).
III. 1990 onwards
(Post Economic Reforms)
Over-exploitation of resources – deceleration in productivity growth rate;
unsustainability of agriculture.
IV. Mid 2000’s Initiated different Missions and focus on certified seed production improved
growth
Trend growth in GDP-Agriculture
based on 10 years period: From
1951-1961 to 2001-2011 (%)
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
8. 8
Water & Agriculture Policies/Programs
Technological reforms (Research & Development)
Institutional reforms
Reforms related to marketing and prices
Inputs and subsidies
Extension and education reforms
Green Revolution supported by HYVs of rice and
wheat with emphasis on irrigation development and
fertilizer in the late sixties gave the major
breakthrough.
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
9. 9
Contours of Water & Agricultural Policy
Land reforms 1950s
Public Investments on Irrigation Dev., 1961 onwards
Setting up of Agricultural Prices Commission and FCI, 1965
Green Revolution, 1966-70s
Setting up of RRBs,1975
Integrated Rural Development Program, 1976
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, 1982
Economic Reforms, 1991
Initiating large scale watershed development programs, 1990s
Implementation of WTO agreement, 1995
Targeting of PDS, 1997
Rationalization of MSP Policy, 2000
National Agricultural Policy, 2000
Encouragement to food processing industry, 2004
Enhancing the flow of institutional agricultural credit, 2004
National Policy for farmers, 2007
National Water Policy 1987, 2002, 2008 and 2012
Setting up different Missions for speedy agriculture growth 2007
Bringing Green revolution to eastern India, 2010
Encouraging crop diversification
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
10. Programmes/Schemes in the Water
Sector
Major and Medium Irrigation
Projects
Irrigation potential created increased from
9.72 M ha (1950-51) to 46 M ha (2011-12);
utilized only 35 M ha (2011-12)
Accelerated Irrigation Benefits
Programme (AIBP)
108.21 M ha irrigational potential created
(about 77% of UIP)
Command Area Development and
Water Management Programme
(CADWM):
About 22 M ha covered since inception upto
March, 2011
National Project for Repair,
Renovation and Restoration
(RRR) of Water Bodies
Restoration completed in 1054 water bodies
in 15 States
Artificial Recharge to Ground
Water through Dug wells
Implemented in 1180 over exploited, critical
and semi-critical blocks in 7 States.
National Water Mission Major goal to improve water use efficiency at
least by 20%
National Mission on Micro
Irrigation (NMMI)
Promoting enhanced WUE 10
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
11. Major Programs in Agriculture
National Food Security Mission (NFSM)
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY)
Accelerated pulse Production Programme (A3P)
Macro Management of Agriculture (MMA)
Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil palm and Maize (ISOPOM)
National Horticulture Mission (NHM)
Oil palm development Programme (OPDP)
Initiative for Nutritional security through Intensive Millet Promotion
(INSIMP)
Brining Green revolution in Eastern India (BGREI)
Foodgrain production of 257.44 million tones during 2011-12.Foodgrain production of 257.44 million tones during 2011-12.
The production of rice, wheat and pulses increased by 11, 15, and 3 millionThe production of rice, wheat and pulses increased by 11, 15, and 3 million
tones against the targeted 10, 8, and 2 million tonnes respectively duringtones against the targeted 10, 8, and 2 million tonnes respectively during
2011-12 as a result of NFSM alone.2011-12 as a result of NFSM alone.
11
Conti……
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
12. Watershed Management Programmes:
• Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP)
• Desert Development Programme (DDP)
• Integrated Wasteland Development Programme (IWDP)
• Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP)
• National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA)
• Hill Area Development Programme (HADP)
• Western Ghat Development Programme (WGDP)
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA)
12
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
13. Features of the case study
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
13
14. Rainfed/dryland Farming :
Challenges
India has rainfed area of 83 Mha (60% of Net sown area),
spanning several ago-ecologies.
Characterised by low/erratic rainfall and water scarcity
Low rainfed yields of about 1 t/ha
Supports 40% of population, 60% livestock and contributes
only 40% to the food grains production.
Rainfed areas grow about 87% each of coarse cereals and
pulses, 80% oil seeds, 65% cotton and 50% cereals.
Distress prone, vulnerable, under invested, more poverty.
Climate change projected to have implications.
Green revolution by-passed rainfed areas.
Vast potential to contribute to food security and livelihood .
14
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
15. Major rainfed production systems of India
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
15
16. 16
Even with the cumulative policy neglect and low investments ($ 240-300 /ha against
$ 4000-5000 /ha in canal irrigation), rain-fed agriculture contributes significantly to the
national economy
Rainfed crops have shown more impressive growth rates in recent years as
compared to irrigated crops like rice and wheat
Growth rate in yield of coarse cereals, pulses and oilseeds taken together was much
higher (2.18%) than that of rice (1.40%) and wheat (0.46%). Based on compound
growth rate (1998-99 to 2008-09)
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
Growth rate in area, production and yield of major crops in India,
1998-99 to 2008-09
17. Rainfall surplus of 114 BCM available for harvesting from 27.5
M ha cropped rainfed area .
A part of this adequate to provide one supplemental irrigation
of 10 cm to 20.65 M ha and 25.08 M ha during drought and
normal years respectively.
Harvested rainwater used in SI had highest marginal productivity
and increase in rainfed production up to 50% was achievable.
Demonstrate challenging opportunity for prioritising research
and development efforts in increasing rain water use efficiency
and rain water productivity.
Higher Marginal Return in Productivity of
Rainfed Areas
Source: Sharma et al. (2010)
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
17
18. 18
Watershed Management - A Policy InstrumentWatershed Management - A Policy Instrument
Initially Soil & Water conservation, now focuses on social,
institutional and livelihood aspects besides bio-physical
aspects.
Watershed programmes implemented under an array of
national schemes/programmes.
Watershed programmes have undergone revision and
reorganisation.
With the introduction of Common Guidelines -2008, new
watershed projects have been taken up.
Accordingly, DPAP, DDP and IWDP of the Department of
Land Resources have been merged into a single modified
programme called Integrated Watershed Management
Programme (IWMP)
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
19. Decentralization of powers to the States.
Dedicated multi-disciplinary professional institutions at national,
state, district, Project level.
Flexible project duration with 3 distinct phases.
Livelihoods focused through integrated farming systems, micro-
enterprises, marketing etc.
Clustering of small watersheds (1000-5000 ha ) to optimize
transaction cost & have more visible impact.
Scientific planning using new tools and technology inputs including
RS, GIS,GPS and modeling.
Capacity building planning.
Multi tier Ridge to valley planning and implementation including
treatment of forest areas forming integral part of watershed.
Key Features of Common Guidelines-2008Key Features of Common Guidelines-2008
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
19
20. CONTINUOUS CONTOUR
TRENCH
Earthen Bund After Plantation
EARTHEN STRUCTURES PERCOLATION TANK
Recharged open
well
Hiware Bazaar MWS Ahmednagar, MH
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
20
21. Cup and Saucer
shaped micro-
catchment
Trench at the
upstream
Half moon shaped
micro-catchment
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
21
23. Success witnessed where water availability, surface and/or sub-
surface/groundwater, was increased and used for productive and
livelihood enhancement.
Over-exploitation of groundwater and resulting well failure has
become risky even pushing farmers into debt trap, and also leading
to in-equity.
Groundwater management through water positive on-farm
practices, water budget based cropping, generating hydrologic
information at village level involving community, demystifying
hydrology to make user friendly.
Enabling policies, water rights and institutional mechanism for
water use.
Key Issue: Integration of water management principles with WSM
Water Management in WSM Programmes
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
23
24. Multiple Uses of Harvested Rainwater in Rainfed Region
Cap. 1200 m3
Command area 0.7 ha
Vegetables , Fruits &
pulse
Agril. WP Rs. 31/m3
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
24
25. Kadwanchi Watershed, Jalna
Farm diversification by a
marginal farmer
Loose rock check dam
RKVY Pond with lining by
farmer’s own resources
Rain Water harvesting dam
Luxurious growth of fodder
grass in community land
Brought out difference in enhanced water availability,
fodder and drinking water during 2012 -13 drought
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
25
26. 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Before Project 0.26 0.67 0.5 0.37
After Project 0.33 0.82 0.64 0.65
Cultivated Land
Utilization Index
Crop
Diverification
Index
Crop
Productivity
Index
Land Levelling
Index
Impact of Watershed Development
Watershed Water storage
capacity created
(ha-cm)
Wells
influenced
Increase in
well recharge
rate (%)
Irrigated area
increase (%)
Antisar 1584 73 23 90
Bada Khera 256 20 6 65
Salaiyur 266 46 10-15 84
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
26
27. Overall Impact of Watershed
Development Programmes
An area of about 57 M ha developed since inception upto 2010-11
Net sown area increased from 140.00 Mha in 1980-81 to 141.36
million ha. in 2008-09, despite increase in area of about 6.65 million
hectare under non-agricultural uses during the same period. Inspire
of that net sown area more or less remained same which could be
due to WSM
Wasteland has been reduced from 63.97 M ha to 55.27 M ha.
Comprehensive assessment of watershed programmes in India
concludes:
Enhancement in rural income by 58%
Increased agricultural productivity by 35%
Additional environmental & social benefits
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
27
28. Best performance in areas that targeted low & medium income
groups, and in medium rainfall (700-1100 mm).
Greater benefits where people’s participation was higher.
Water is the major “entry point”.
GO-NGO jointly implemented programs performed better.
Lack of efficient water use management interventions.
Lack of linking resource conservation with productivity and
livelihoods.
Lack of sustenance of local institutions, capacity building.
Vast scope to improve, as 35 % MWS performing above
average.
Water Harvesting and WSM ProgramsWater Harvesting and WSM Programs
A Vehicle for Rainfed Area ManagementA Vehicle for Rainfed Area Management
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
28
30. Lessons Learned
The under-invested rainfed areas have higher marginal productivity of
water, investments, fertilizers, energy and should be prioritized in the
investment portfolio
Well executed participatory watershed management programme can
contribute to drought proofing, food security and livelihood
improvement
Water budget based crop planning for improving crop water
productivity
Potential for combining natural resources conservation goals with
productivity, carrying capacity and and livelihood augmentation
Incentives and reward mechanism for conservation of water and
energy
Priorities for water management in rainfed areas and water markets,
water cooperatives and water franchisee
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
30
31. Emerging issues
Bridging demand-supply gap through more focused approach on demand
side management interventions
Small holder affordability and profitability calls for R & D into
development of farmer centric and location specific solutions.
Rationalization of input subsidies in irrigation, fertilizers and electricity to
reduce natural resource degradation
Stakeholder aquifer management through participatory monitoring and
planning
Managing soil health
Climate change adaptation for water and food security, and risk
management
How to coordinate and converge ? A Major challenge
Reforms in major and medium irrigation to bridge the gap between
potential created
Challenging task of coordinating water management issues as being
handle by multiple department/Ministries
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas
–24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
31
32. Main recommendations to policy-makers for
scaling-up, and for reducing constraints
Mixed Rainfed Livelihood: Focus on rainfed livelihoods through a mix
of agriculture, livestock, horticulture, fishery, agroforestry and IGAs
measures.
NRM and Production System Integration: A single window inclusive
and holistic Flagship program for rainfed areas, combining natural
resource conservation and use with production and livelihood
interventions.
Convergence: Unified mechanism for convergence of schemes,
resources and institutions (by design not default) in degraded/rainfed
areas, large scale pilots for demonstration
Climate resilience: Re-orientation of on-going Schemes for enhanced
adaptive capacity to climate change. For ex., WSM as a strategy
framework, safety nets eg. insurance, credit.
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
32
33. Thanks for listening
Questions, comments and suggestions are welcome
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
34
34. A four fold increase in land productivity
A three fold increase in water productivity
A six fold increase in labour productivity
About Half through labour-capital substitution
Along with:-
Energy saving and low emission
Main Target in 2050
InternationalConferenceonPoliciesforWaterandFoodSecurityinDryAreas–
24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
33