The document traces the history of slavery and civil rights for African Americans in the United States from the 1600s through the 1960s. It notes that by the 1660s, most Africans in the American colonies were enslaved and used to work plantations. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery in 1865, while the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to freed slaves. In 1896, the Supreme Court upheld the "separate but equal" doctrine allowing racial segregation. The Civil Rights Movement led to landmark legislation like the Voting Rights Act of 1965, combating racist voter disenfranchisement laws and practices.

3. By the 1660’s most Africans in
the colony had been made
slaves. Some American
colonists, especially in the
South, need many workers to
grow crops such as tobacco,
rice, and cotton. In 1860,
nearly 4 million black people
were slaves in USA.

4. In 1819, the United
States was made up of
an equal number of free
states and slave states.

6. The Thirteenth
Amendment
became law in
December
1865. It
abolished
slavery.

7. In 1868, The
Fourteenth
Amendment
gave
citizenship to
former slaves.
It guaranteed
their freedom
and right to be
treated fairly
and equally.

8. 1. After the civil War,
white Southerners
tried to keep control of
the economy and
government of the
South.

9. In the United States, the "separate but equal" doctrine refers to
legally sanctioned segregation arising (in part) from the US
Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, (1896). "Separate
but equal" allowed states to pass laws requiring separate
accommodations and facilities for people on the basis of race or
color in order to prevent African-Americans, who had recently
been freed from slavery, from intermingling with whites, who
believed themselves superior to African-Americans.

14. "Jim Crow,“ it appeared in sheet music written by
Thomas Dartmouth "Daddy" Rice. Rice, a struggling
"actor" (he did short solo skits between play scenes) at
the Park Theater in New York, happened upon a black
person singing the above song -- some accounts say it
was an old black slave who walked with difficulty, others
say it was a ragged black stable boy. Whether modeled
on an old man or a young boy we will never know, but
we know that in 1828 Rice appeared on stage as "Jim
Crow" -- an exaggerated, highly stereotypical black
character.

17. Strange Fruit" is a song performed most famously by
Billie Holiday, who released her first recording of it in
1939, the year she first sang it. Written by the teacher
Abel Meeropol as a poem, it exposed American racism,
particularly the lynching of African Americans. Such
lynchings had occurred chiefly in the South but also in all
other regions of the United States.
1999, Time magazine called it the song of the century

18. Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October
24, 2005) was an African-American civil rights activist, whom
the U.S. Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the
mother of the freedom movement".[1] Her birthday, February 4,
and the day she was arrested, December 1 of 1955, have
both become Rosa Parks Day, commemorated in the U.S.
states of California and Ohio.

20. Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4,
1968. He was assassinated on april 4, 1968, in
Memphis , Tennessee) was an American clergyman,
activist, and leader in the African-American Civil
Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the
advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil
disobedience. King has become a national icon in the
history of American progressivism.[1]

21. VIDEO

22. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of national legislation in the
United States that outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been
responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the
U.S.

23. SIMILAR LAWS IN THE WORLD
LIKE JIM CROW LAW
The Nuremberg Laws in 1935 were
antisemitic laws in Nazi Germany introduced
at the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi
Party.
Apartheid "the status of being apart" was a
system of racial segregation enforced through
legislation by the National Party (England
governments), who were the ruling party from
1948 to 1994, of South Africa,