Jim Crow laws legally enforced racial segregation in the United States from the 1880s to the 1960s, primarily but not exclusively in Southern states. These laws mandated the separation of public places and facilities for blacks and whites, including schools, hospitals, restaurants, public transportation, and other public accommodations. The laws targeted African Americans and prohibited interracial marriage. While some states repealed certain Jim Crow laws in the early 20th century, segregation remained widespread and legal until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s challenged discrimination and racial segregation, culminating in the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

1. BLACK CIVIL RIGHTS
MOVEMENT
Jim Crow Laws and background to
segregation in the USA

2. Timeline
Pre 1860 –Legalised Slavery
1860-1865 – Civil War
(end of slavery but many attitudes
remained the same)
1865-1877 – Reconstruction At the bus station, Durham, North Carolina, 1940.
Negros have the right to vote but 1900-1930 – Migration
are terrorized for doing so by Many blacks migrated North, making the
groups such as the KKK. Their racial question a national concern. Riots
situation is little better than and violence broke out. Blacks lived in
slavery. poor conditions, unable to find high paid
jobs.
1877-1900 – ‘Jim Crow’ Laws 1930-1954 – Discrimination Challenged
Enforced segregation of blacks and Ghetto life in the North poor, however
whites (90% of blacks at this time there were more opportunities for
live in the South) widespread educational and economic progress.
violence and intimidation Blacks were able to vote in the North and
formed groups such as NAACP.

3. Why Did the Civil Rights
Movement Take Off After
1945?
•Black equality became a significant political issue for the
Democratic Party
•WWII had been fought against racism abroad—hard to
keep harboring it at home
•Black veterans came home dedicated to change
•Increasing number of White Americans condemned
segregation
•Discrimination in the United States hurt our propaganda
battle against the Communists

4. What were Jim Crow laws?
From the 1880s into the 1960s, most American states
enforced segregation through "Jim Crow" laws (so
called after a black character in minstrel shows).
From Delaware to California, and from North Dakota
to Texas, many states (and cities, too) could impose
legal punishments on people for mingling with
members of another race. The most common types
of laws forbade intermarriage and ordered business
owners and public institutions to keep blacks and
whites separated.

5. Some Facilities that Were
Separate:
Bus station waiting rooms and
ticket windows
Railroad cars or coaches
Restaurants and lunch counters
Schools and public parks
Restrooms and water fountains
Sections of movie theaters
There were even separate
cemeteries
Greyhound bus terminal,
Memphis, Tennessee. 1943.

6. In your group answer these
questions in one or two
sentences....
What are the main areas of segregation? E.g.
Education, public transport, marriage, etc.
c Who do the laws target?
t Do the laws change over time? Can you identify the
change?
g Summarize your state’s attitude towards coloured
races.

7. Conclusion
By the 1950’s there was
still widespread economic,
social and political
discrimination against
African-Americans ,
especially in the south.
The Jim Crow Laws were
an enabler of Beale Street, Memphis, Tennessee. 1939.
discrimination.
An increasingly educated and
economically stable black population
Northward migration had
began to fight discrimination in the
forced the issue of race
1950s.
into a national problem.

8. A rest stop for bus passengers on the way from
Louisville, Kentucky to Nashville, Tennessee, with
separate entrance for Blacks. 1943.

9. A sign at bus station, Rome, Georgia. 1943.

10. A highway sign advertising tourist cabins for Blacks,
South Carolina. 1939.

11. Cafe, Durham, North Carolina. 1939.

12. Drinking fountain on the courthouse lawn, Halifax, North
Carolina. 1938.

13. Movie theater’s "Colored" entrance, Belzoni,
Mississippi. 1939.

14. The Rex theater for colored people,
Leland, Mississippi. June 1937.

15. Restaurant, Lancaster, Ohio. 1938.

16. Water cooler in the street car terminal, Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma. 1939.

17. Sign above movie theater, Waco, Texas. 1939.

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