The Jim Crow laws established racial segregation and discrimination in the Southern United States between 1882 and 1968, prohibiting African Americans from interacting with whites in public places, using the same transportation, or attending the same schools. The laws negatively impacted African Americans by denying them privileges, instilling constant fear, and leading to poorer living conditions, less education, and widespread discrimination. The Jim Crow system developed from a combination of historical factors, racial beliefs of the time, and a snowball effect that reinforced further discrimination.