The document discusses graphical user interface (GUI) components in Java. It covers topics like basic GUI units like frames and panels, common Swing components like JFrame, JButton, JTextField, layout managers, event handling using listeners, and examples of creating simple GUI applications in Java. Key concepts explained include the component hierarchy in Swing, commonly used layouts like FlowLayout, BorderLayout and GridLayout, and how to add listeners for events like button clicks and window closing. Code samples are provided to demonstrate creating frames, adding components, setting layouts and handling events.

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GUI -JFC Swing

2. GUI Basic Unit
Basic unit of Graphical
User Interface (GUI) is
a Window.
A window is called
Frame in AWT or
Swing.
Frame is the top
container of all Visual
Graphical Controls.
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Graphical User Interface Components
MENU
Status Bar
User ID
Password
SubmitSubmit
Frame
Panel
Label
Text
Field
Button

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Desktop Application
Frame
Panel
Status
Bar

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GUI – Dialog Window
MENU
Status Bar
User ID
Password
SubmitSubmitAre you sure you want to exit?
Yes No

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Swing Components
Top Level Container
o JFrame
o JDialog
o JApplet

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Other Components (Widgets)
JPanel
JLabel
JButton
JTextField
JPassword
JTextArea
JCheckbox
JRadioButton

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Components Hierarchy
Object
Component
Container
JComponent
JMenuBar JPopupMenu JAbstractButton JSeparater

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Package
javax.swing
java.awt

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Create A Window
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 JFrame frame = new JFrame(“My First Window");
 JPanel pan = (JPanel)frame.getContentPane();
 JButton b = new JButton("Click Me");
 pan.add(b);
 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//Close window when click on ‘x’
 frame.pack();
 //frame.setSize(400, 200);
 frame.setVisible(true);
 }

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Create a Window by Extending JFrame
 public class Loginform extends JFrame{
 public Loginform(){
o super(“Login Form");
o JPanel pan = (JPanel)getContentPane();
o Jlabel lab1 = new Jlabel(“User ID”);
o pan.add(lab1);
o JtextField fl1 = new JTextField();
o pan.add(fl1);
o JButton button = new JButton(“Go");
o pan.add(button);
o setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
 }

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Create an object of extended JFrame
public static void main(String[] args) {
o Loginform frame = new Loginform ();
o frame.pack();
o frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

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Layout Management
Arrange widgets display order
java.awt.FlowLayout
java.awt.BorderLayout (Default)
java.awt.GridLayout
java.awt.GridBagLayout
javax.swing.BoxLayout
GridLayout layout = new GridLayout(2,2);
frame.setLayout(layout);

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Flow Layout – java.awt.FlowLayout
Button1Button1 Button2Button2 Button3Button3 Button4Button4 Button5Button5
Button6Button6 Button7Button7

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Border Layout – java.awt.BorderLayout
WestButtonWestButton Center ButtonCenter Button
NorthButtonNorthButton
EastButtonEastButton
SouthButtonSouthButton

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Grid Layout – java.awt.GridLayout
Button1Button1 Button2Button2 Button3Button3
Button4Button4 Button5Button5 Button6Button6
Button7Button7 Button8Button8 Button9Button9
Button10Button10 Button11Button11 Button12Button12

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GridBag Layout – java.awt.GridBagLayout
Button1Button1 Button2Button2 Button3Button3
Button4Button4
Button7Button7 Button8Button8
Button9Button9
Button10Button10 Button11Button11

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Messenger
Rohit to Dinesh>Hi
Dinesh to Rohit>Hi, Can you tell me about
JDBC.
Rohit to Dinesh>Why?
Dinesh to Rohit>I was absent yesterday.
Nakul to Dinesh>Don’t worry I am here to
help you.
Sheetal to Nakul>I would also like to
learn.
Rohit
Dinesh
Nakul
Ajhar
Pradeep
Saveeta
Nidhi
Sheetal
Enter Message Here SendSend
Rohit
LogoutLogout

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Messenger
Rohit to Dinesh > Hi
Dinesh to Rohit > Hi, Can tell me about
JDBC
Rohit to Dinesh > Why
Dinesh to Rohit > I was absent
Nakul to Dinesh > Don’t worry I am here to
Help you
Sheetal to Nakul > I also would like to
Learn.
Rohit
Dinesh
Nakul
Ajhar
Pradeep
Saveeta
Nidhi
Sheetal
Enter Message Here SendSend
Rohit
LogoutLogout

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Flow Layout
 JFrame frame = new JFrame(“Flow L Window");
 FlowLayout layout = new FlowLayout();
 //FlowLayout layout = new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT);
 //FlowLayout layout = new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT);
 frame.setLayout(layout);
 JPanel pan = (JPanel)frame.getContentPane();
 JButton b1 = new JButton("Button1"); pan.add(b1);
 JTextField text = new JTextField("Enter Text"); pan.add(text);
 JCheckBox cb = new JCheckBox("Select Here"); pan.add(cb);
 JButton b2 = new JButton("Button2"); pan.add(b2);
 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
 frame.setSize(400, 200);
 frame.setVisible(true);

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BorderLayout
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 JFrame frame = new JFrame("MyFirstWindow");
 frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
 JPanel pan = (JPanel)frame.getContentPane();
 JButton b1 = new JButton("North"); pan.add(b1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
 JButton b2 = new JButton("South"); pan.add(b2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
 JButton b3 = new JButton("Right"); pan.add(b3, BorderLayout.EAST);
 JButton b4 = new JButton("West"); pan.add(b4, BorderLayout.WEST);
 JButton b5 = new JButton("Center"); pan.add(b5);
 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
 frame.pack();
 frame.setVisible(true);
 }

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GridLayout
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 JFrame frame = new JFrame("Meri First Window");
 JPanel pan = (JPanel)frame.getContentPane();
 pan.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
 JButton b1 = new JButton("Button1"); pan.add(b1);
 JButton b2 = new JButton("Button2"); pan.add(b2);
 JButton b3 = new JButton("Button3"); pan.add(b3);
 JButton b4 = new JButton("Button4"); pan.add(b4);
 JButton b5 = new JButton("Button5"); pan.add(b5);
 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
 frame.setSize(400, 200);
 frame.setVisible(true);
 }

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BoxLayout
 JFrame frame = new JFrame("My Box Layout Window");
 JPanel pan = (JPanel) frame.getContentPane();
 BoxLayout layout = new BoxLayout(pan, BoxLayout.X_AXIS);
 // BoxLayout layout =new BoxLayout(pan, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS);
 pan.setLayout(layout);
 JButton b1 = new JButton("Button1"); pan.add(b1);
 JTextField text = new JTextField("Enter Text"); pan.add(text);
 JButton b2 = new JButton("Button2"); pan.add(b2);
 JButton b3 = new JButton("Button3"); pan.add(b3);
 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
 frame.pack();
 frame.setVisible(true);

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Absolute Position
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 JFrame frame = new JFrame("Meri First Window");
 JPanel pan = (JPanel)frame.getContentPane();
 pan.setLayout(null);
 JButton b1 = new JButton("Button1");
 b1.setSize(100,30);
 b1.setLocation(10,10);
 pan.add(b1);
 JButton b2 = new JButton("Button2");
 b2.setSize(100,30);
 b2.setLocation(10,50);
 pan.add(b2);
 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
 frame.setSize(400, 200);
 frame.setVisible(true);
 }

25. Event
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Event Listeners
Some Events and Their Associated Event Listeners
Act that Results in the Event Listener Type
User clicks a button, presses Enter key while typing
in a text field, or chooses a menu item
ActionListener
User closes a frame (main window) WindowListener
User presses a mouse button while the cursor is
over a component
MouseListener
User moves the mouse over a component MouseMotionListener
Component becomes visible ComponentListener
Component gets the keyboard focus FocusListener
Table or list selection changes ListSelectionListener
Any property in a component changes such as
the text on a label
PropertyChangeListener

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Event Object Hierarchy
 Java.lang.Object
o Java.util.EventObject
o Java.awt.AWTEvent
• Java.awt.event.ActionEvent
• Java.awt.event.ItemEvent
• Java.awt.event.AdjustmentEvent
• Java.awt.event.TextEvent
• Java.awt.event.ComponentEvent
• Java.awt.event.InputEvent
+ Java.awt.event.KeyEvent
+ Java.awt.event.MouseEvent
• Java.awt.event.FocusEvent
• Java.awt.event.ContainerEvent
• Java.awt.event.WindowEvent

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SimpleButtonHandler
 public class SimpleButtonHandler implements ActionListener {
 public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
o JButton b = (JButton) event.getSource();
o String label = b.getText();
o if (label.equals("Click Me")) {
• b.setText("Don't Click Me");
o } else if (label.equals("Don't Click Me")) {
• b.setText("Click Me");
o } else {
• System.out.println("Button is Clicked");
o }
 }
 }

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Mouse Listner using Adapter
 public class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter {
o public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent event) {
o System.out.println("Mouse Enetred");
o }
o public void mouseExited(MouseEvent event) {
o System.out.println("Mouse Exit");
o }
 }

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Apply Action Listner
 public class ButtonClickEvent {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 JFrame frame = new JFrame("Meri First Window");
 JPanel pan = (JPanel)frame.getContentPane();
 pan.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
 JButton button = new JButton("Click Me");
 SimpleButtonHandler handler = new SimpleButtonHandler();
 button.addActionListener(handler); pan.add(button);
 JButton b = new JButton("Click Me & See Console");
 b.addActionListener(handler); pan.add(b);
 b.addMouseListener(new MouseHandler(););
 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
 frame.pack();
 frame.setVisible(true);
 }
 }

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WindowHandler
 public class WindowHandler implements WindowListener {
 public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) { System.out.println("windowActivated"); }
 public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) { System.out.println("windowClosed"); }
 public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.out.println("windowClosing"); }
 public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowDeactivated");
 }
 public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e)
{ System.out.println("windowDeiconified"); }
 public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) { System.out.println("windowIconified"); }
 public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) { System.out.println("windowOpened"); } }

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TestWindowListner
 public class TestWindowListner {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 JFrame f = new JFrame("Test Window Events");
 WindowHandler wh = new WindowHandler(); f.addWindowListener(wh);
 JPanel p = (JPanel) f.getContentPane();
 p.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
 JButton b = new JButton("Send"); p.add(b);
 JButton login = new JButton("Login"); p.add(login);
 JTextField t = new JTextField("Enter TExt Here"); p.add(t);
 f.setSize(300, 200);
 f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
 f.setVisible(true);
 }
 }
1. windowActivated
2. windowOpened
3. windowIconified
4. windowDeactivated
5. windowDeiconified
6. windowActivated
7. windowClosing

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Add Listener
widget.addActionListener(al);
widget.addFocusListener(fl);
widget.addWindowListener(wl);
widget.addMouseListener(ml);
widget.addMouseMotionListener(mml);

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 MyWindow.java
 public class MyWindow
extends JFrame {
 …
 }
 ButtonHandler.java
 public class ButtonHandler
implements ActionListener{
 …
 }
 MyWindow.class
 ButtonHandler.class
 MyWindow.java
 public class MyWindow
extends JFrame {
 …
 }
 class ButtonHandler
implements ActionListener{
 …
 }
 MyWindow.class
 ButtonHandler.class
1 Class = 1 File 1 File – n Class
ButtonHandler handler = new ButtonHandler()

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 MyWindow.java
 public class MyWindow
extends JFrame {
 …
 public class ButtonHandler
implements ActionListener{
 …
 }//ButtonHandler
 }//MyWindow
 MyWindow.class
 MyWindow$ButtonHandler
.class
Inner Class Private Inner Class
MyWindow w = new MyWindow();
w.ButtonHandler h = w.new ButtonHandler();
 MyWindow.java
 public class MyWindow
extends JFrame {
 …
 private class ButtonHandler
implements
ActionListener{
 …
 }//ButtonHandler
 }//MyWindow
 MyWindow.class
 MyWindow$ButtonHandler
.class

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 MyWindow.java
 public class MyWindow extends
JFrame {
 …
 public static class
ButtonHandler implements
ActionListener{
 …
 }
 }
 MyWindow.class
 MyWindow$ButtonHandler.cla
ss
Inner class can be
public
protected (Default)
private
static
Mainly used in Event
handling
Static Inner Class
MyWindow.ButtonHandler h = new MyWindow.ButtonHandler();

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Inner Class - TestFocusListner
 public class TestFocusListner {
o private class InnFocusHandler implements FocusListner {
• public void focusGained(FocusEvent e) {
+ JButton b = (JButton) e.getSource();
+ System.out.println("Focus Gained " + b.getText());
• }
• public void focusLost(FocusEvent e) {
+ JButton b = (JButton) e.getSource();
+ System.out.println("Focus lost " + b.getText());}
o }

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Inner Class – TestFocusListner (Cont..)
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 JFrame f = new JFrame("Test Focus List Win");
 JPanel p = (JPanel) f.getContentPane();
 p.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
 TestFocusListner tOuterClass = new TestFocusListner();
 InnFocusHandler innFl = tOuterClass.new InnFocusHandler();
 JButton b = new JButton("Send");
 b.addFocusListener(innFl); p.add(b);
 JButton login = new JButton("Login");
 login.addFocusListener(innFl); p.add(login);
 f.setSize(300, 200);
 f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
 f.setVisible(true);
 }

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Event Adapters
Interfaces Adapter
Classes
FocusListener FocusAdapter
MouseListner MouseAdapter
WindowListner WindowAdapter

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Adapter vs Interface
 private static class
MyFocHandler extends
FocusAdapter {
 public void
focusGained(FocusEvent arg0) {
 System.out.println("Got Focus");
 }
 }
 private static class
MyFocHandler implements
FocusListner {
 public void
focusGained(FocusEvent a) {
 System.out.println("Got Focus");
 }
 public void
focusLost(FocusEvent a) {
 }
 }

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Anonymous Classes
JButton b = new JButton(“Click Me");
FocusAdapter fa= new FocusAdapter();
b.addFocusListener(fa);
OR
JButton b = new JButton(“Click Me");
b.addFocusListener(new FocusAdapter());

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Anonymous Classes
 JButton b = new JButton(“Click Me");
 b.addFocusListener(
o new FocusAdapter(){
o public void focusGained(FocusEvent e) {
+ JButton b = (JButton)e.getSource();
+ b.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
• }
o public void focusLost(FocusEvent e) {
• JButton b = (JButton)e.getSource();
• b.setBackground(Color.GRAY);
o }
o }
 );

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Enum
An enum type is a datatype whose fields are fixed
set of constants
The enum declaration defines a class
The enum class body can include methods and
other fields
It has a static values() method that returns an
array containing all of the values
All enums implicitly extend java.lang.Enum.
enum cannot extend any other class.

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public enum <name>
 package com.sunrays.enumpk;
 public enum Day {
 SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY,
FRIDAY, SATURDAY;
 public int getWeekDay() {
o switch (this) {
• case MONDAY:
• return 0;
o }
 }
 }

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TestEnum.java
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 Day d;
 d = Day.SATURDAY;
 System.out.println(d.getWeekDay());
 switch (d) {
o case MONDAY:
o System.out.println("Mondays are bad.");
o break;
o case FRIDAY:
o System.out.println("Fridays are better.");
o break;
 }

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ENUM with Constructor
 public enum Human {
 KID(10), MAN(50), OLDMAN(70);
 private final int weight;
 Human(int w) {
 this.weight = w;
 }
 public void display() {
 System.out.println(weight);
 }
 }

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TestHuman
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Human h = new Human()//Incorrect
Human h = Human.KID;
h.display();
}

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TestHuman
public static void main(String[] args) {
Human[] h = Human.values();
For(int i=0;i<h.length;i++){
o S.o.p(h[i]);
}

49. Disclaimer
This is an educational presentation to enhance the
skill of computer science students.
This presentation is available for free to computer
science students.
Some internet images from different URLs are
used in this presentation to simplify technical
examples and correlate examples with the real
world.
We are grateful to owners of these URLs and
pictures.
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50. Thank You!
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