The document discusses recent trends in information technology, covering topics such as virtualization, cloud computing, grid computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), green marketing, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning. It outlines definitions, characteristics, types, and applications for each topic, illustrating how these technologies enhance efficiency and sustainability across various sectors. Key trends like AI and machine learning are highlighted for their ability to improve processes and decision-making in real-time.

1. Mr. T.SOMASUNDARAM
DEPT OF MANAGEMENT
KRISTU JAYANTI COLLEGE
BENGALURU
UNIT – 5
RECENT
TRENDS IN IT

2. UNIT – 5
RECENT TRENDS IN IT
Virtualization, Cloud Computing,
Grid Computing, Internet of
Things, Green Marketing,
Artificial Intelligence and
Machine Learning.

3. VIRTUALIZATION
Introduction:
 Virtualization is the act of creating a virtual version of something, such as server, a
desktop, a storage device, an operating system or network resources.
 It is a technique, which allows sharing a single physical instance of a resource
person or an application among multiple customers and organizations
 Virtualization relies on software to stimulate hardware functionality and create a
virtual computer system, which is called as “Virtual Machine”.
 The machine on which the virtual machine is going to create is known as Host
Machine and that virtual machine is referred as a Guest Machine.
 A hypervisor, also known as Virtual Machine Manager or VSM, software that
creates and runs virtual machines. (E.g.) VMware Workstation Player, Virtualbox,
etc.

4. Characteristics of Virtualization:
 It allows creation of many virtual resources.
 It enables a finite no. of hardware resources.
 Run multiple OS on one physical machine.
 Improved security.
 Specialized experts.
 Creation of separate computing environments.
 It reduces hardware running costs.
 No. of physical servers get reduced.
 In case of system failure or disaster, it allows
for faster recovery.
Types of Virtualization:
1. Hardware Virtualization.
2. Operating System Virtualization.
3. Server Virtualization.
4. Storage Virtualization.

5. CLOUD COMPUTING
Introduction:
Cloud computing is an internet based computing service, where
resources (hardware, software or applications) are shared to allow you
to access information and computer resources from anywhere.
Cloud computing is storing and accessing data and programs, over the
internet, instead of computer’s hard drive or mobile’s internal storage.
(E.g.) Google drive, Google photos, icloud, etc. for backing up of
important data, this is called storing and accessing data and programs
over the Internet.

6. Characteristics of Cloud Computing:
 Quick and easy access information anywhere, anytime.
 Servers is high and more reliable.
 Enables users to access system using web browser.
 Reduces maintenance costs.
 Easy to maintenance.
 Easy to get back-up and restore.
 Collaboration by allowing group of people.
 Easy access.
 Huge amount of storing capacity.
 Data security.

7. GRID COMPUTING
Introduction:
Grid computing is also known as distributed computing.
It is use of widely distributed computer resources to reach a common
objective.
Definition:
It can be defined as a network of computers working together to
perform a task that would rather be difficult for a single machine.
A grid computing network consists three types of machines –
1. Control mode. 2. Provider. 3. User.

8. Characteristics of Grid Computing:
 Distributing computing architecture.
 Collaborative use of geographically separated independent resources.
 Virtual platform.
 Access globally distributed data.
 Used to complete mathematical or scientific calculations.
 Easy to collaborate with other organizations.
 No servers required.
 Multiple heterogeneous machine.
 It has more models.

9. Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction:
 Internet becomes more accessible around the world, people are finding new ways to
incorporate this technology into everyday life.
 All of these everyday objects that connect to the Internet are known as Internet of
Things (IoT).
 It connects with electronics, software, and sensors to internet enabling to collect and
exchange data without human interaction.
 IoT refers to a system of interrelated, internet-connected devices that are able to collect
and transfer data over a wireless network without human intervention.
Application of IoT:
1. Engineering, Industry and Infrastructure. 2. Government and Safety.
3. Home and Office. 4. Health and Medicine.

10. GREEN MARKETING
Introduction:
 It is the process of promoting products or services based on their environmental
benefits.
 Green marketing is also known as ‘Eco-marketing’or ‘Environmental marketing’.
Such product or service may be environmentally friendly in itself,
 Manufactured in a maintainable fashion.
 Not containing toxic materials.
 Produced from recycled materials or able to be recycled.
 Made from renewable materials.
 Not making use of excessive packaging.
 Designed to be repairable and not thrown away.

11. Importance of Green Marketing:
 People insists pure products.
 Reduce use of plastics.
 Consumption of herbal products.
 Use of leaves, cloth bags, jute, etc.
 Use of bio-fertilizers, herbal medicines, natural therapy, etc.
 Recycle wastes.
 Global restrictions.
 Strict norms for pollution control.
 National and international agencies to monitor.
 June 5 as World Environment Day.

12. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Introduction:
 Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words ‘Artificial’ and ‘Intelligence’.
 Artificial defines ‘man-made’ and intelligence defines ‘thinking power’, hence AI
means “a man-made thinking power”.
 AI is a branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like
humans. (i.e.) think and respond like human beings.
 AI is playing an increasingly important role in our society.
 AI is improving industry processes and making machines ‘smart’.
Some real life examples of AI are –
1. Autonomous vehicles (drone, self driving cars).
2. Playing games. 3. Search Engines. 4. Virtual Assistants
5. Image recognition in photographs.

13. Types of Artificial Intelligence:
1. Reactive Machines.
2. Limited Memory.
3. Theory of Mind.
4. Self-Awareness.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence:
Finance
Hospitals and Medicine.
Industry.
Aviation.
Weather forecast.
Speech Recognition
Natural Language processing.
Computer Vision.
Robotics.

14. MACHINE LEARNING
Introduction:
 Machine learning is a type of computer science that allows computer programs to
learn and improve on their own.
 Machine Learning is an application of AI that provides systems the ability to
automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly
programmed.
 Machine learning can create software that learns in a similar way to humans.
 The primary aim is to allow the computers learn automatically without human
intervention or assistance and adjust actions accordingly.
 Machine learning can get pretty complicated, but here’s how it works on basic
level.

15. Some of popular examples found in popular apps and devices are –
Google – use machine learning to improve accuracy of its search
results.
Facebook – it show posts that are catered to your interests and
past social media behavior.
Netflix – recommendations gives you are generated by machine
learning.
Self-driving cars – track their surrounding objects and use this
data to improve their driving abilities.
Digital Assistants – to improve their speech recognition
technology.