The document discusses several topics related to e-business including: 1. Consumer protection issues in e-business due to non-uniform cyber laws across countries. 2. Types of cyber crimes like computer fraud, credit card abuse, software piracy, and viruses. Laws combating these crimes. 3. Benefits and disadvantages of electronic cash compared to physical cash. 4. How electronic data interchange streamlines business processes by replacing paper documents with electronic formats.

1. Issues and Challenges in E Business
Consumer Protection:
 There are cyber laws in many countries but they are non uniform
 This makes it difficult for online consumers to seek justices
 There are international agencies working for cyber crime protection like
Federal Trade Commission (FTC), US and to educate the online consumer
about cyber crime

2. Cyber Crime and Cyber Law
The global annual losses caused by cyber crime are about $1.5 trillions
1. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
• Act was passed in US in 1986 to prosecute hackers
• Under the act following activities are considered illegal
• Knowingly accessing a computer system either without
authorization or in excess of permitted authorities and
obtaining confidential information from government
department
• obtaining credit card information held by the issuing company
or customer service company or any financial information held
by financial institute

3. • Intentionally accessing the computer system of government
department which is either meant for exclusive use by government
official or whose use effect the whole system
• Knowingly and with an intention of fraud cracking a password of
government system effecting the commerce within the country and
foreign country
The most interesting case is Morris and the Internet worm in year 1988
Nov 2

4. 2. Credit Card Abuse Law
• Sharing or unauthorized access to credit card info of people stored at
different sites or ATM info used to pay or long distance phone call code.
• Special software are there to crack the PINS
3. Software Piracy
• Illegally copied
• Selling 10 or more copies of a software without payment
• Software Publishers association
• National Association for Software and Service Companies
• In 2001 61 % of software sold in India were pirated

5. 4. Computer Virus and Harmful Software
• A virus is a complex code which replicates itself and
spread across network.
• Cannot be easily decoded
• Logic bombs are software programs which are able to
corrupt data at a particular time or under specified
condition
• The act of possessing a virus or harmful software is not
illegal but the act of producing them on network is illegal

6. 5. Electronic Communication Privacy Act
• Interception of information transmitted over electronic medium
with the help of special devices
• keeping such devices
6. Combating Cyber Crime
Criminal Activities can be divided into following categories :
• Leveraging technology to improve the efficiency of existing crimes
• Leveraging technology to create new forms of cyber crime
• Designing crimes to attack security system of computer in network

7. E-cash advantages and disadvantages
Most money in todays world is electronic, and tangible cash is becoming less
frequent. With the introduction of internet / online banking, debit cards,
online bill payments and internet business, paper money is becoming a thing
of the past.
Types of Electronic Cash
Anonymous: This kind of e-cash works just like cash. Once a specific amount
is withdrawn from an account, it can be used (or misused) without leaving a
visible trail.
Identified: We know this category popularly as PayPal or WebMoney. The
usage and transfer of money in these systems is not entirely untraceable.

8. Online: Obviously, it means that one needs to correspond with a bank
(via the internet). The bank, then, gets in touch with the third party.
Offline: One can directly conduct the transaction without any
interference from the bank.
Smart Card: Smart cards are like credit cards with a computer chip in
them that stores the holder's money-related information. They are
used in digital cash applications.

9.  Pros
 Anonymity and non-traceability can be maintained with e-cash.
 User ids are kept highly confidential.
 There are hardly any issues regarding "double spending".
 Real-time checking of all transactions makes the possibility of multiple
expenditures negligible.
 There is no requirement of additional secure hardware.
 The existing POS (point of sale) hardware can be updated and used.

10. Cons
 There are communication overheads; security and anonymity cost
become a bottleneck of the system. This can happen at times during
real-time verifications.
 The bank has to maintain massive, detailed, and confidential
databases.
 The bank needs to synchronize its server every time transaction is
made. It would be insanely impractical to maintain.

11. Electronic data interchange
By moving from a paper-based exchange of business document to one that
is electronic, businesses enjoy major benefits such as reduced cost,
increased processing speed, reduced errors and improved relationships
with business partners
• Computer-to-computer– EDI replaces postal mail, fax and email. While
email is also an electronic approach, the documents exchanged via email
must still be handled by people rather than computers. Having people
involved slows down the processing of the documents and also introduces
errors. Instead, EDI documents can flow straight through to the
appropriate application on the receiver’s computer (e.g., the Order
Management System) and processing can begin immediately.

12. A typical manual process looks like this, with lots of paper and people
involvement:

13. The EDI process looks like this — no paper, no people involved:

14.  Business documents – These are any of the documents that are
typically exchanged between businesses. The most documents
exchanged via EDI are purchase orders, invoices and advance ship
notices. But there are many, many others such as bill of lading,
customs documents, inventory documents, shipping status
documents and payment documents.
 Business partners – The exchange of EDI documents is
typically between two different companies, referred to as
business partners or trading partners. For example,
Company A may buy goods from Company B. Company A
sends orders to Company B. Company A and Company B
are business partners

15.  Standard format– Because EDI documents must be processed by
computers rather than humans, a standard format must be used so that the
computer will be able to read and understand the documents. A standard
format describes what each piece of information is and in what format (e.g.,
integer, decimal, mmddyy). Without a standard format, each company
would send documents using its company-specific format and, much as an
English-speaking person probably doesn’t understand Japanese, the
receiver’s computer system doesn’t understand the company-specific format
of the sender’s format.
 There are several EDI standards in use today, including ANSI, EDIFACT,
TRADACOMS and ebXML. And, for each standard there are many
different versions, e.g., ANSI 5010 or EDIFACT version D12, Release A.
When two businesses decide to exchange EDI documents, they must
agree on the specific EDI standard and version.
 Businesses typically use an EDI translator – either as in-house software
or via an EDI service provider – to translate the EDI format so the data
can be used by their internal applications and thus enable straight
through processing of documents.

16. Data mining and E-Marketing
E-business is wide term means the use of all IT capabilities in business, it
does not mean only buying and selling (ecommerce)
it also includes other business processes such as serving
customers/suppliers and managing their relationships electronically (e-
CRM),
managing all supply activities till delivering products/services to customers
(eSCM),
internal communication between employees and external collaboration
with other business partner

17. Knowledge Resource in e-Business Strategy
Organizational Knowledge Base is one of the essential components for
building successful e-business strategy project in any firm, because it contains
data, information and a set of knowledge assets about the firm.
Thus, the firm must depend on and use this source as an elementary step to
perform some of the strategy tasks easily and efficiently [4].
Creating e-business strategy based on four stages:
1) Initiate
2) Diagnose
3) Breakout
4) Transition .

18. 1. Initiate Stage
According to the objectives of this stage are:
1. Outline project scope.
2. Identify project stakeholders.
3. Determine project schedule
‘Declarative Knowledge’ about customers and suppliers, as well as
‘Behavioural Knowledge’ about organization documents, market
competition, and prediction for deliverables
All these tasks can be performed effectively by the following KM tools:
• Organizational knowledge base.
• Knowledge mining.
• Knowledge determination

19. 2. Diagnose Stage
The purpose of this stage is to find out strengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats (SWOT) of the current business strategy which can be done by:
1) Analyzing the organization position among its competitors, and
2) Revises the current strategy in order to understand the current relationships
between the organization and its suppliers and customers
To analyze and assess the current organization position there are some analytical
tools can be used that enable the firm to assess its position
All tasks in this stage need organizational knowledge base and knowledge
repository to be carried out, because they are about the current state of the
organization which means no need for gathering data/information and no
predictions as well for the future behaviour

20. 3. Breakout Stage
The objective of this stage is to derive a new strategy (e breakout strategy) from
the overall business strategy to match the organization goals.
E-business strategy could be dependent or independent on other organization’s
strategy
The derivation process of the new strategy is duties of project manager for
allocating staff, distributing tasks, identifying IT requirements,
adding/deleting new features to optimize the corporate overall business
strategy, satisfy SWOT deficiencies
Furthermore, the responsibilities of the project manager deal directly with the
human dynamics of the corporation and concerned on the required technology.
the main role of Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO) is to convert knowledge into
valuable profit by managing and controlling the corporation’s intellectual
assets. Therefore, CKO can be e-business strategy project manager

21. 4. Transition Stage
In this stage, the firm has to implement the proposed roadmap of the new
strategy.
Transition means that the firm will move from current state to the proposed
state, this movement will be supported by new resources and capabilities
In this case, it is recommended for firms to carry out gap analysis in order to
avoid the changes, risks, and conflicts between the current and new strategy to
understand and identify the differences between them

22. Benefits of KM Tools into e-Business Information Management
1. Organize and Evaluate Customers’ and Suppliers’ Requirements and
Relationships (Customers-Suppliers Oriented Trends)
Knowledge Base System (KBS) is KM tool to organize a collection of
information and evaluate them in such way to be ‘knowledge’.
The importance of this process is to enable the organization to respond and
make correct decisions toward the customers’ or suppliers’ demands. This is
the first step for organization changes ‘new strategy’

23. 2. Support the Decision Making Process (Forecast)
Declarative and behavioral knowledge will support the decision makers
(executive management) in the following benefits in order to structure the
organization on internet:
1. Select appropriate e-business model. (Initiate step for e-business strategy)
2. Suitable e-marketing plan.
3. Predict the size of competition after implementing e-business system as
global tool for business.

24. 3. Filter and Store All Organization’s Knowledge in Knowledge
Repository- (Organizational Trends)
Knowledge repository stores the processed information that are captured,
organized, filtered, and evaluated and save them as knowledge, as well as store
all knowledge that are related with other organization’s strategies such as
marketing strategy and Information System (IS) strategy. Knowledge repository
makes the process simple for employees to save, retrieve, access, and organize
all knowledge.