This document summarizes research on fluid-induced vibrations in pipes during internal flows. It discusses how turbulent and unsteady flows containing mixtures of water and soil can induce vibrations in dredging pipes and cause abrasion at bends and branches. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques are used to numerically analyze typical pipe lines and supporter designs under different flow conditions. The research also examines how pressure pulsations from flows can excite pipe vibrations at resonant frequencies, and studies fluid-structure interaction (FSI) phenomena between internal flows and vibrating pipes.
A Study of the Root Causes of High Failure Rate of Distribution Transformer -...theijes
A distribution transformer is one of major electrical equipment that links the power utility and power consumers. It is what enables the power utility to supply electricity to consumers. In recent time, there has been an upsurge of distribution transformers premature failure before reaching the desired and designed service life. Consequently, the power utility has been incurring huge economical losses in replacing the faulty transformers or repairing them. On the other hand, failure of transformer inconveniencies power end users by interrupting the power supplies for prolonged period of time before the faulty transformer is replaced. In this paper, an effort is made to investigate the root causes of premature failure of distribution transformers. Research has revealed that line surges and switching transients are among the main causes of the transformers failures as this accelerates deterioration of insulation materials. This has been aggravated by lack of lightning arrestors and vandalism of low voltage and high voltage earthing systems. It is also noted that a transformer is usually ‘killed’ by unusual stresses that usually break down its weak insulation and hence leading to reduced transformer life. Use of concrete poles with earth wire appended is proposed to deter vandalism of earthing wire. In addition, proper fuse grading, installation of High Voltage (HV) expulsion fuses and regular Operational and Maintenance (O&M) has been recommended to reduce the premature failure of distribution transformers.
This document discusses a thesis submitted by Sujay Kumar Patar for the degree of Master of Technology in Mechanical Engineering. The thesis studies turbulence in 2D magnetohydrodynamic flow over a square rib in an open channel using ANSYS Fluent software. It provides background on open channel flow, uniform and non-uniform flow, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes modeling, Reynolds stress distribution, velocity profiles in boundary layers, and flow characteristics such as laminar and turbulent flow. The objective is to analyze the effect of a magnetic field on flow using numerical simulation without physical experimentation.
Effect of Guide Vane Clearance Gap on performance of Francis turbineRavi Koirala
The document discusses the effect of clearance gaps between guide vanes and facing plates in Francis turbines. Clearance gaps are necessary to allow for movement of the guide vanes under varying operating conditions, but they also allow leakage flows which reduce turbine efficiency. The leakage flows disturb the main flow and form horseshoe vortices that erode the surfaces during sediment-laden flows. Studies have found efficiency losses of 1.5-4% for every 1% increase in gap size. In turbines operating in sediment-laden rivers, erosion over time increases the gaps, further reducing performance and requiring more maintenance. The document aims to better understand the relationship between gap size, leakage flows, erosion patterns, and efficiency losses.
Control of Resonant Flows Using High Bandwidth Mirco-Actuatorsaswiley1
This document summarizes research into developing high bandwidth micro-actuators for controlling supersonic resonant flows. The actuators aim to produce both steady high momentum mean flow and high amplitude tunable frequency disturbances. Initial actuators have been designed and tested on impinging jet flows, eliminating impinging tones and reducing sound levels by 3-4 dB. The occurrence of new frequency peaks requires further exploration. The goal is to develop simple, robust actuators that can efficiently control high-speed aerodynamic flows.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of inclined hump on the turbulence intensities and flow characteristic...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, an experimental study was carried out to investigate the turbulence field and flow characteristics in the separated flow through inclined hump in water structures in rectangular channel using Laser. To study the variation of the turbulence, energy loss, relative energy (efficiency) and relative depth with main parameters affecting the inclined hump These parameters include the hump angle, relative height, upstream Froude number, bottom slope. Non-dimensional design curves are provided to relate the turbulence intensities and flow characteristics. The results show that, the variation of the energy loss increases till of hump angle about 45°. This rate of increase decreases about this value of angle of hump. The energy loss increases with the increasing of bed slope and relative height. The energy loss is quite high at a relative contraction of 0.3. Also, the results clearly showed the dependence of the hump inclination angle on the turbulence intensities. For hump angle ≥ 20°, the turbulence intensity in the separation zones was growing with increasing hump angles and the maximum was observed for hump inclination angles between 20° and 30°. The results indicated that, the most significant differences in flow structures occurred with hump angle less than 45°. Keywords: Energy loss-Turbulence intensities-Water structures- Hump-Laser Technique-Hump angle-Bottom slope-Relative height-Relative depth- Froude number-separation zones.
This document is Joseph Lawson's final year individual project report for his MEng in Civil Engineering at the University of Brighton. It investigates the use of converging ski-jump spillways and their effects on hydraulic jump characteristics and energy dissipation. The project tested both horizontal and vertical converging spillway designs experimentally. It analyzed the energy dissipation at different phases and compared results across a range of discharges. The majority of results showed larger energy dissipation before the stilling basin with converging designs, indicating potential for reduced scouring and stilling basin size. However, some higher dissipation models experienced cavitation.
The document summarizes key factors that affect the accuracy of inferential flow meters, such as orifice, turbine, and ultrasonic meters. Specifically:
1. Flow conditions such as swirl, velocity profile, and turbulence intensity must match what the meter was calibrated for in order to achieve optimal accuracy.
2. "Fully developed turbulent pipeline flow" provides ideal conditions but is difficult to achieve in practice. Flow conditioners can help control swirl and profile but may not fully address turbulence.
3. Turbulence can impact meters by increasing ultrasonic path lengths, inducing cross-velocities, and altering ray traces - though more research is still needed on these turbulence effects. Conditioners may
A Study of the Root Causes of High Failure Rate of Distribution Transformer -...theijes
A distribution transformer is one of major electrical equipment that links the power utility and power consumers. It is what enables the power utility to supply electricity to consumers. In recent time, there has been an upsurge of distribution transformers premature failure before reaching the desired and designed service life. Consequently, the power utility has been incurring huge economical losses in replacing the faulty transformers or repairing them. On the other hand, failure of transformer inconveniencies power end users by interrupting the power supplies for prolonged period of time before the faulty transformer is replaced. In this paper, an effort is made to investigate the root causes of premature failure of distribution transformers. Research has revealed that line surges and switching transients are among the main causes of the transformers failures as this accelerates deterioration of insulation materials. This has been aggravated by lack of lightning arrestors and vandalism of low voltage and high voltage earthing systems. It is also noted that a transformer is usually ‘killed’ by unusual stresses that usually break down its weak insulation and hence leading to reduced transformer life. Use of concrete poles with earth wire appended is proposed to deter vandalism of earthing wire. In addition, proper fuse grading, installation of High Voltage (HV) expulsion fuses and regular Operational and Maintenance (O&M) has been recommended to reduce the premature failure of distribution transformers.
This document discusses a thesis submitted by Sujay Kumar Patar for the degree of Master of Technology in Mechanical Engineering. The thesis studies turbulence in 2D magnetohydrodynamic flow over a square rib in an open channel using ANSYS Fluent software. It provides background on open channel flow, uniform and non-uniform flow, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes modeling, Reynolds stress distribution, velocity profiles in boundary layers, and flow characteristics such as laminar and turbulent flow. The objective is to analyze the effect of a magnetic field on flow using numerical simulation without physical experimentation.
Effect of Guide Vane Clearance Gap on performance of Francis turbineRavi Koirala
The document discusses the effect of clearance gaps between guide vanes and facing plates in Francis turbines. Clearance gaps are necessary to allow for movement of the guide vanes under varying operating conditions, but they also allow leakage flows which reduce turbine efficiency. The leakage flows disturb the main flow and form horseshoe vortices that erode the surfaces during sediment-laden flows. Studies have found efficiency losses of 1.5-4% for every 1% increase in gap size. In turbines operating in sediment-laden rivers, erosion over time increases the gaps, further reducing performance and requiring more maintenance. The document aims to better understand the relationship between gap size, leakage flows, erosion patterns, and efficiency losses.
Control of Resonant Flows Using High Bandwidth Mirco-Actuatorsaswiley1
This document summarizes research into developing high bandwidth micro-actuators for controlling supersonic resonant flows. The actuators aim to produce both steady high momentum mean flow and high amplitude tunable frequency disturbances. Initial actuators have been designed and tested on impinging jet flows, eliminating impinging tones and reducing sound levels by 3-4 dB. The occurrence of new frequency peaks requires further exploration. The goal is to develop simple, robust actuators that can efficiently control high-speed aerodynamic flows.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of inclined hump on the turbulence intensities and flow characteristic...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, an experimental study was carried out to investigate the turbulence field and flow characteristics in the separated flow through inclined hump in water structures in rectangular channel using Laser. To study the variation of the turbulence, energy loss, relative energy (efficiency) and relative depth with main parameters affecting the inclined hump These parameters include the hump angle, relative height, upstream Froude number, bottom slope. Non-dimensional design curves are provided to relate the turbulence intensities and flow characteristics. The results show that, the variation of the energy loss increases till of hump angle about 45°. This rate of increase decreases about this value of angle of hump. The energy loss increases with the increasing of bed slope and relative height. The energy loss is quite high at a relative contraction of 0.3. Also, the results clearly showed the dependence of the hump inclination angle on the turbulence intensities. For hump angle ≥ 20°, the turbulence intensity in the separation zones was growing with increasing hump angles and the maximum was observed for hump inclination angles between 20° and 30°. The results indicated that, the most significant differences in flow structures occurred with hump angle less than 45°. Keywords: Energy loss-Turbulence intensities-Water structures- Hump-Laser Technique-Hump angle-Bottom slope-Relative height-Relative depth- Froude number-separation zones.
This document is Joseph Lawson's final year individual project report for his MEng in Civil Engineering at the University of Brighton. It investigates the use of converging ski-jump spillways and their effects on hydraulic jump characteristics and energy dissipation. The project tested both horizontal and vertical converging spillway designs experimentally. It analyzed the energy dissipation at different phases and compared results across a range of discharges. The majority of results showed larger energy dissipation before the stilling basin with converging designs, indicating potential for reduced scouring and stilling basin size. However, some higher dissipation models experienced cavitation.
The document summarizes key factors that affect the accuracy of inferential flow meters, such as orifice, turbine, and ultrasonic meters. Specifically:
1. Flow conditions such as swirl, velocity profile, and turbulence intensity must match what the meter was calibrated for in order to achieve optimal accuracy.
2. "Fully developed turbulent pipeline flow" provides ideal conditions but is difficult to achieve in practice. Flow conditioners can help control swirl and profile but may not fully address turbulence.
3. Turbulence can impact meters by increasing ultrasonic path lengths, inducing cross-velocities, and altering ray traces - though more research is still needed on these turbulence effects. Conditioners may
Analysis of Transformer Loadings and Failure Rate in Onitsha Electricity Dist...Dr. Hachimenum Amadi
This study analyzed transformer loadings and failure rates in the Onitsha electricity distribution network in Nigeria from 2011-2015. Electrical data from the network was simulated using ETAP software to determine transformer loadings, while questionnaires assessed failure rates. The findings showed an average transformer failure rate of 11.7% during the study period, higher than rates in developed countries. Major causes of failure included insulation issues (24.2%), overloading (22.5%), and inadequate maintenance (16.4%). The Army Barracks substation had the highest failure rate of 23.8%. The study recommends installing more transformers, using high quality transformers, balancing loads, and improving maintenance to increase reliability.
The document discusses a methodology for evaluating the mechanical reliability of water distribution networks using a minimum cut set approach. The methodology involves computing the reliability at the component, segment, and network levels. Component reliability is based on failure rates calculated using regression models. Segment reliability is determined as the weighted sum of component reliabilities. Network reliability is evaluated using minimum cut sets, which are sets of network components whose simultaneous failure would cause network failure. The methodology is demonstrated through an example.
Effects of Surface Roughness and Fluid on Amplifier of Jet Pipe Servo Valvetheijes
In manufacturing process of jet pipe electro-hydraulic servo valve, it must be having a lot of errors in the inner wall of servo valve components, which fluid flows will have a certain roughness. Jet pipe electro-hydraulic servo valve, in fact, can use variety of fluid during its working. With CFX software, this article studies effect of surface roughness of parts and working fluid on pressure characteristics of amplifier of pilot stage in jet pipe servo valve. Through mathematical models and simulation, it is shown that effect of wall roughness of parts on flow characteristics of the pilot stage amplifier is much. Analysis of many different roughness, it is found out that the greater surface roughness is, the smaller velocity of jet flow is, and the recovery pressure decreases but the magnitude of change is not much. In addition, the relationship between the viscosity of fluid and the pressure characteristics of the pilot stage is close
This document provides information about a training module on understanding stage-discharge relations being conducted by the Central Water Commission of India. The training is aimed at middle level engineers and will cover topics like correlation and regression analysis, classification of controls, characteristics of rating curves, extrapolation of rating curves, and shifts in discharge ratings. The module will be 90 minutes long and use methods like lectures, discussions and questioning. The objectives are to help officers understand stage-discharge relations and impart this training to supervisors and junior staff.
Numerical Investigation of Head Frontal Velocity of Non-conservative Dense Fl...IRJET Journal
This document presents a numerical investigation of the head frontal velocity of non-conservative dense flows in small inclined beds. The study uses the Fluent numerical code to simulate dense flow frontal velocity two-dimensionally using the Euler-Lagrange method. The results from the numerical model show good agreement with experimental results and help analyze fluid movement patterns at different scales. Key findings include that head frontal velocity remains fixed in the numerical and experimental models from 3-11 meters from the inlet, and the Fluent code is suitable for simulating these types of flows when compared to empirical experimental results.
Recent Advancements in Piping industry and Piping materials.Asheesh Padiyar
A brief overview of the new technologies that are available for piping engineers to know the latest advancements in piping materials . As a chemical engineer, it is essential to know about the various piping systems and technologies associated with it, in order to have a better understanding of their project/ process/ installing/ commissioning of the plants/ refineries.
IRJET- Analysis of Two Phase Flow Induced Vibration in Piping SystemsIRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes two-phase flow induced vibration in piping systems. It develops the governing dynamic equation and stiffness/inertia matrices for a pipe conveying fluid.
2. Four boundary conditions are considered: pinned-pinned, clamped-pinned, clamped-clamped, and clamped-free. Analytical and finite element methods are used to find natural frequencies under different conditions.
3. Pipe buckling or divergence is observed at higher fluid velocities for some boundary conditions. The critical velocity at which buckling starts is identified. Natural frequency diminishes at the onset of divergence for some cases.
Iaetsd design and analysis of water hammer effect in a networkIaetsd Iaetsd
This document describes a study analyzing water hammer effect in pipeline networks. The study uses COMSOL Multiphysics software to design different pipe structures and analyze parameters like pressure distribution, velocity variation, and water hammer amplitude over time. The analysis considers a single pipe with a closing valve, as well as a three-pipe intersection network. Results show the pressure and velocity changes along the pipes when the valve closes instantaneously, creating a pressure surge traveling through the system.
Modelling and Stress Analysis of the Pig Loop Module of a Piping System.IJRES Journal
The failure of any piping system depends on the stress analysis that was performed during the engineering design of the piping system. In designing the pig loop of a submarine manifold to be used in area Y of Niger delta in Nigeria, a proper analysis of the load to which the system could be subjected was carried out using a stress analysis software - ''Triflex piping solutions.'' We employed ASME B31.8 piping code. Various stress values and deflections were analysed at each node to ensure that the design will be on a safe operating condition. Stress utilization was checked for hoop and longitudinal stresses for various scenarios and the worst case scenario was determined. The maximum stress utilization for the worst case scenario was found to be within the limit and thereby meeting with the safety requirement.
ACOUSTICALLY INDUCED VIBRATION (AIV) & FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION (FIV) ANALYSIS ...Journal For Research
Piping systems adapted for handling fluids such as steam and various process and hydrocarbon gases through a pressure-reducing device at high pressure and velocity conditions can produce severe acoustic and flow vibrations and metal fatigue in the system. The evaluation method for susceptibility of piping to AIV fatigue failure was first proposed by Carucci and Mueller around 35 years ago. Since then, several developments were reported. However, there has not been publication with reference to Finite Element Approach in relation to the AIV phenomena. This Paper Proposes a method to reduce the Acoustic & Flow Induced Vibrations in Piping system based on Actual operating conditions. This kind of AIV & FIV evaluation would be useful to determine the priority of the countermeasure to mitigate piping failure caused by AIV & FIV in the existing plant.
The simultaneous loop flow correction analysis in the water feed network of M...IJERA Editor
With increasing population growth and industrial development, water flow rates and other hydraulic
requirements associated with water distribution systems have been estimated to increase both national and local
scale. Water shortage will cause inconvenience to people’s life and it will impact city function and industrial
production. Hence to overcome this problem design and analysis of water distribution system is necessary to get
optimal discharge. In this paper a water pipeline network analysis with a case study of a small city (MinkokEdjombo)
in the southern Cameroon system has been undertaken. What prompted this study is that the case
study has a lot of fluctuations in its head loss. Also, the discharge is not proportional to the pipe diameter. The
study therefore adopted simultaneous loop flow correction method because it computes simultaneous flows
corrections for all loops, hence, the best since computational procedures takes into account the iterative
influence of flow corrections between loops which have common pipes. After applying the simultaneous loop
flow correction analyze in a twenty-four sampled pipeline network, a drastic reduction in head loss and regular
line along the axis was observed.
Besides, the rate at which the water flows was observed to be proportional to the pipe diameter. Hence, the
method is a useful aid in planning, designing and operating of reticulated pipeline network for higher efficiency
and improved economy.
This document describes a numerical study that simulates two-phase flows in C-shaped and U-shaped pipes using a 1D centerline-based mesh generation technique. The study investigates the effects of four different gravitational directions on pressure changes, bubble dynamics, and flow physics. Governing equations for a two-fluid model are presented and solved using the open-source software OpenFOAM. A 1D centerline mesh generation algorithm is used to divide the pipe geometry into cross-sectional zones for control volume analysis. Simulation results show the influence of buoyancy forces on dynamic pressure and turbulent kinetic energy in the two-phase flows.
Thermo-Hydrodynamics of Taylor Bubble Flow in Context of Pulsating Heat Pipe:...IRJET Journal
This document reviews thermo-hydrodynamics of Taylor bubble flow in pulsating heat pipes. Taylor bubble flow is characterized by long vapor bubbles separated by liquid plugs, and is an important flow pattern in pulsating heat pipes and other devices. However, fully predicting oscillating Taylor bubble flows remains challenging due to complex interactions between bubbles, plugs, and pipe walls. The document discusses factors like bubble and plug shapes, thin liquid films, pressure drops, and heat transfer during Taylor bubble flow. Further research on understanding oscillating Taylor bubble flows could improve models for predicting pulsating heat pipe performance.
IRJET- Tall-Building Structure Shape Optimization using “Computational Fluid ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to optimize the shape of tall buildings to reduce wind pressure. It begins by introducing CFD simulation as a suitable method for analyzing how wind pressure is affected by different building shapes. The document then provides background on wind forces on tall buildings and how wind flow patterns are complex. It describes using the realizable k-ε turbulent model in ANSYS software to simulate turbulent wind flow for the CFD analysis. The summary analyzes different building shapes using CFD to select a shape with reduced wind pressure.
Ca Hydraulic transient is a factor to be considered during structural design of water conveyance system. The most common hazardous situation is the uncontrolled pump trip due to power failure. Therefore, surge analysis is important for a water delivery project having long pipeline. Customized software WH 2.7 is used to solve the problem of surge in pipeline. Method of characteristics is widely used mathematical scheme for solving the phenomenon because of higher accuracy. The partial differential equations may be transformed by the method of characteristics into total differential equations. The later equations may then be integrated to yield finite differential equations which are conveniently handled numerically. This paper describes the problem of water hammer in long pipeline of lift irrigation scheme. The pumping station of lift irrigation scheme is located on riverbank and is to lift the water to the reservoir located at distance of 5.5 km through 1300mm diameter and 11 8 mm thickness mild steel pipeline. Three vertical turbine pumps each having capacity of delivering 0.937 m3 s total discharge capacity 2.8 m3 s and 43.24 m total head to irrigate the command area of 3300 ha. Continuous number of trials led to select combination of one air vessel of capacity 50 m3 and 10 Air Valves. Studies carried out helped to foresee advent conditions like column separation well in advance before implementation. This way it helps to finalize piping system incorporating anti surge devices like air vessel and air valves to keep the pipeline safe from water hammer due to power failure to the pumps and hence reliable operation for long run. Tomesh Kumar Sahu | Ashwini Bhoi | Kishor U. Farande "Water Hammer Analysis in Long Pipelines" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59823.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/59823/water-hammer-analysis-in-long-pipelines/tomesh-kumar-sahu
Fluid Structural Modal Coupled Numerical Investigation of Transonic Flutterin...IJERA Editor
Flutter is an unstable oscillation which can lead to destruction. Flutter can occur on fixed surfaces, such as blades, wing or the stabilizer. By self-excited aeroelastic instability, flutter can lead to mechanical or structural failure of aircraft engine blades. The modern engines have been designed with increased pressure ratio and reduced weight in order to improve aerodynamic efficiency, resulting in severe aeroelastic problems. Particularly flutter in axial compressors with transonic flow can be characterized by a number of aerodynamic nonlinear effects such as shock boundary layer interaction, rotating stall, and tip vortex instability. Rotating blades operating under high centrifugal forces may also encounter structural nonlinearities due to friction damping and large deformations. In the future work a standard axial flow compressor blade will be taken for analysis, both Subsonic and Transonic range are taken for analysis. Fluid and Structure are two different domains which will be coupled by full system coupling technique to predict the fluttering effect on the compressor blade. ANSYS is a commercial simulation tool, which will be deployed in this work to perform FSI (Fluid Structure Interaction) and FSI coupled Modal to predict the flutter in the compressor blades
Fluid Structural Modal Coupled Numerical Investigation of Transonic Flutterin...IJERA Editor
Flutter is an unstable oscillation which can lead to destruction. Flutter can occur on fixed surfaces, such as blades, wing or the stabilizer. By self-excited aeroelastic instability, flutter can lead to mechanical or structural failure of aircraft engine blades. The modern engines have been designed with increased pressure ratio and reduced weight in order to improve aerodynamic efficiency, resulting in severe aeroelastic problems. Particularly flutter in axial compressors with transonic flow can be characterized by a number of aerodynamic nonlinear effects such as shock boundary layer interaction, rotating stall, and tip vortex instability. Rotating blades operating under high centrifugal forces may also encounter structural nonlinearities due to friction damping and large deformations. In the future work a standard axial flow compressor blade will be taken for analysis, both Subsonic and Transonic range are taken for analysis. Fluid and Structure are two different domains which will be coupled by full system coupling technique to predict the fluttering effect on the compressor blade. ANSYS is a commercial simulation tool, which will be deployed in this work to perform FSI (Fluid Structure Interaction) and FSI coupled Modal to predict the flutter in the compressor blades
Fatigue Life Assessment for Power Cables in Floating Offshore Wind TurbinesFranco Bontempi
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies/special_issues/Wave_Tidal_Wind_Converters
Abstract: In this paper, a procedure is proposed to determine the fatigue life of the electrical cable connected to a 5MWfloating offshore wind turbine, supported by a spar-buoy at a water depth of 320 m, by using a numerical approach that takes into account site-specific wave and wind characteristics.
The efect of the intensity and the simultaneous actions of waves and wind are investigated and the outcomes for specific cable configurations are shown. Finally, the fatigue life of the cable is
evaluated. All analyses have been carried out using the Ansys AQWA computational code, which is a commercial code for the numerical investigation of the dynamic response of floating and fixed marine structures under the combined action of wind, waves and current. Furthermore, this paper applies the FAST NREL numerical code for comparison with the ANSYS AQWA results.
Keywords: wind energy; floating offshore wind turbine; dynamic analysis; fatigue life assessment; flexible power cables.
Sensitivity of Transient Phenomena Analysis of the Francis Turbine Power PlantsIJERA Editor
The accurate definition of the transient phenomena of the hydroelectric power plant (HPP) and its units, taking
into account various aspects of operation is an essential requirement for design, performances and control of
HPPs. Numerical analysis of transient phenomena, such as increase of the rotational speed (runaway) of the
units, increase of the pressure (turbine inlet head) in the hydraulic system (water hammer) and water level
oscillation in the surge tank is presented. The results of transient phenomena analyses are relied upon for very
costly engineering decisions. Because of this, it is important that the researcher understands the effect unknown
modeling parameters on the result of transient analysis. Usually, different researchers may choose alternate
values for an unknown modeling parameter and this can have significant effects on the results. The main aim in
this paper is to investigate of the sensitivity of transient phenomena analysis with variation in modeling
parameters such as pipeline friction factor, wave speed, turbine guide vanes closing law, surge tank throttling
coefficient and generator inertia.
This document discusses aeroelastic analysis of a moving wind turbine blade using fluid-structure interaction (FSI) modeling. The analysis used ANSYS software to simulate the interaction between fluid flow and structural stresses on the blade. The results showed maximum tip deflection and stresses at the blade root. Accounting for FSI is important as fluid forces can significantly impact blade stresses and vibrations over time.
DESIGN A HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE USING THE RAINFALL INTENSITY- DURATION- FREQUENC...IAEME Publication
A hydrologic analysis is an essential prerequisite for any project, is used to the evaluation of the watershed area for a stream and is used to determine the design discharge or the amount of runoff the culvert should be designed to convey. In this paper the relationship between the intensity duration-
and frequency of rainfall are used to obtain the value of discharge to design a pipe culvert for Najaf station in Iraq, from the relationship between Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves, the values of intensity for 10, 100 years return periods with 15, 30, and 60 min. durations are obtained and discharge values are obtained from multiplied the catchment area for Najaf station by the values of intensity for obtaining.
Offshore structures are continuously exposed to extremely varying aerodynamic
and hydrodynamic loads. The storm waves and breaking waves may cause significant
impact on coastal and offshore structures such as vertical sea wall, wind turbines,
LNG carriers and submarine pipelines etc. The prediction of the breaking wave
impact pressure is the important aspect in the design of those structures. The breaking
wave forces produce the highest hydrodynamic loads on substructures in shallow
water, predominantly plunging breaking waves. Owing to the complex and transient
nature of the impact forces it requires more details concerning the physics of breaking
waves and nature of wave interaction with those structures.
In this paper, A Piston-type wave generator was incorporated in the
computational domain to generate waves. Flow 3D was used for simulating 3D
numerical wave tank. The desired breaking waves are simulated using the concept of
wave focusing using Flow 3D solver. These waves are made to impinge on the elastic
circular cylinders of different materials such as PVC, timber and concrete by varying
the support conditions such as cantilever, both ends fixed, inclined support with 30º
inclination. The hydrodynamic response and the structural response are analysed and
validated with the experimental literatures. The maximum impact pressure transpired
on the cylinder due to plunging wave impact from numerical simulation is found to be
eight times of the non-breaking waves
Analysis of Transformer Loadings and Failure Rate in Onitsha Electricity Dist...Dr. Hachimenum Amadi
This study analyzed transformer loadings and failure rates in the Onitsha electricity distribution network in Nigeria from 2011-2015. Electrical data from the network was simulated using ETAP software to determine transformer loadings, while questionnaires assessed failure rates. The findings showed an average transformer failure rate of 11.7% during the study period, higher than rates in developed countries. Major causes of failure included insulation issues (24.2%), overloading (22.5%), and inadequate maintenance (16.4%). The Army Barracks substation had the highest failure rate of 23.8%. The study recommends installing more transformers, using high quality transformers, balancing loads, and improving maintenance to increase reliability.
The document discusses a methodology for evaluating the mechanical reliability of water distribution networks using a minimum cut set approach. The methodology involves computing the reliability at the component, segment, and network levels. Component reliability is based on failure rates calculated using regression models. Segment reliability is determined as the weighted sum of component reliabilities. Network reliability is evaluated using minimum cut sets, which are sets of network components whose simultaneous failure would cause network failure. The methodology is demonstrated through an example.
Effects of Surface Roughness and Fluid on Amplifier of Jet Pipe Servo Valvetheijes
In manufacturing process of jet pipe electro-hydraulic servo valve, it must be having a lot of errors in the inner wall of servo valve components, which fluid flows will have a certain roughness. Jet pipe electro-hydraulic servo valve, in fact, can use variety of fluid during its working. With CFX software, this article studies effect of surface roughness of parts and working fluid on pressure characteristics of amplifier of pilot stage in jet pipe servo valve. Through mathematical models and simulation, it is shown that effect of wall roughness of parts on flow characteristics of the pilot stage amplifier is much. Analysis of many different roughness, it is found out that the greater surface roughness is, the smaller velocity of jet flow is, and the recovery pressure decreases but the magnitude of change is not much. In addition, the relationship between the viscosity of fluid and the pressure characteristics of the pilot stage is close
This document provides information about a training module on understanding stage-discharge relations being conducted by the Central Water Commission of India. The training is aimed at middle level engineers and will cover topics like correlation and regression analysis, classification of controls, characteristics of rating curves, extrapolation of rating curves, and shifts in discharge ratings. The module will be 90 minutes long and use methods like lectures, discussions and questioning. The objectives are to help officers understand stage-discharge relations and impart this training to supervisors and junior staff.
Numerical Investigation of Head Frontal Velocity of Non-conservative Dense Fl...IRJET Journal
This document presents a numerical investigation of the head frontal velocity of non-conservative dense flows in small inclined beds. The study uses the Fluent numerical code to simulate dense flow frontal velocity two-dimensionally using the Euler-Lagrange method. The results from the numerical model show good agreement with experimental results and help analyze fluid movement patterns at different scales. Key findings include that head frontal velocity remains fixed in the numerical and experimental models from 3-11 meters from the inlet, and the Fluent code is suitable for simulating these types of flows when compared to empirical experimental results.
Recent Advancements in Piping industry and Piping materials.Asheesh Padiyar
A brief overview of the new technologies that are available for piping engineers to know the latest advancements in piping materials . As a chemical engineer, it is essential to know about the various piping systems and technologies associated with it, in order to have a better understanding of their project/ process/ installing/ commissioning of the plants/ refineries.
IRJET- Analysis of Two Phase Flow Induced Vibration in Piping SystemsIRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes two-phase flow induced vibration in piping systems. It develops the governing dynamic equation and stiffness/inertia matrices for a pipe conveying fluid.
2. Four boundary conditions are considered: pinned-pinned, clamped-pinned, clamped-clamped, and clamped-free. Analytical and finite element methods are used to find natural frequencies under different conditions.
3. Pipe buckling or divergence is observed at higher fluid velocities for some boundary conditions. The critical velocity at which buckling starts is identified. Natural frequency diminishes at the onset of divergence for some cases.
Iaetsd design and analysis of water hammer effect in a networkIaetsd Iaetsd
This document describes a study analyzing water hammer effect in pipeline networks. The study uses COMSOL Multiphysics software to design different pipe structures and analyze parameters like pressure distribution, velocity variation, and water hammer amplitude over time. The analysis considers a single pipe with a closing valve, as well as a three-pipe intersection network. Results show the pressure and velocity changes along the pipes when the valve closes instantaneously, creating a pressure surge traveling through the system.
Modelling and Stress Analysis of the Pig Loop Module of a Piping System.IJRES Journal
The failure of any piping system depends on the stress analysis that was performed during the engineering design of the piping system. In designing the pig loop of a submarine manifold to be used in area Y of Niger delta in Nigeria, a proper analysis of the load to which the system could be subjected was carried out using a stress analysis software - ''Triflex piping solutions.'' We employed ASME B31.8 piping code. Various stress values and deflections were analysed at each node to ensure that the design will be on a safe operating condition. Stress utilization was checked for hoop and longitudinal stresses for various scenarios and the worst case scenario was determined. The maximum stress utilization for the worst case scenario was found to be within the limit and thereby meeting with the safety requirement.
ACOUSTICALLY INDUCED VIBRATION (AIV) & FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION (FIV) ANALYSIS ...Journal For Research
Piping systems adapted for handling fluids such as steam and various process and hydrocarbon gases through a pressure-reducing device at high pressure and velocity conditions can produce severe acoustic and flow vibrations and metal fatigue in the system. The evaluation method for susceptibility of piping to AIV fatigue failure was first proposed by Carucci and Mueller around 35 years ago. Since then, several developments were reported. However, there has not been publication with reference to Finite Element Approach in relation to the AIV phenomena. This Paper Proposes a method to reduce the Acoustic & Flow Induced Vibrations in Piping system based on Actual operating conditions. This kind of AIV & FIV evaluation would be useful to determine the priority of the countermeasure to mitigate piping failure caused by AIV & FIV in the existing plant.
The simultaneous loop flow correction analysis in the water feed network of M...IJERA Editor
With increasing population growth and industrial development, water flow rates and other hydraulic
requirements associated with water distribution systems have been estimated to increase both national and local
scale. Water shortage will cause inconvenience to people’s life and it will impact city function and industrial
production. Hence to overcome this problem design and analysis of water distribution system is necessary to get
optimal discharge. In this paper a water pipeline network analysis with a case study of a small city (MinkokEdjombo)
in the southern Cameroon system has been undertaken. What prompted this study is that the case
study has a lot of fluctuations in its head loss. Also, the discharge is not proportional to the pipe diameter. The
study therefore adopted simultaneous loop flow correction method because it computes simultaneous flows
corrections for all loops, hence, the best since computational procedures takes into account the iterative
influence of flow corrections between loops which have common pipes. After applying the simultaneous loop
flow correction analyze in a twenty-four sampled pipeline network, a drastic reduction in head loss and regular
line along the axis was observed.
Besides, the rate at which the water flows was observed to be proportional to the pipe diameter. Hence, the
method is a useful aid in planning, designing and operating of reticulated pipeline network for higher efficiency
and improved economy.
This document describes a numerical study that simulates two-phase flows in C-shaped and U-shaped pipes using a 1D centerline-based mesh generation technique. The study investigates the effects of four different gravitational directions on pressure changes, bubble dynamics, and flow physics. Governing equations for a two-fluid model are presented and solved using the open-source software OpenFOAM. A 1D centerline mesh generation algorithm is used to divide the pipe geometry into cross-sectional zones for control volume analysis. Simulation results show the influence of buoyancy forces on dynamic pressure and turbulent kinetic energy in the two-phase flows.
Thermo-Hydrodynamics of Taylor Bubble Flow in Context of Pulsating Heat Pipe:...IRJET Journal
This document reviews thermo-hydrodynamics of Taylor bubble flow in pulsating heat pipes. Taylor bubble flow is characterized by long vapor bubbles separated by liquid plugs, and is an important flow pattern in pulsating heat pipes and other devices. However, fully predicting oscillating Taylor bubble flows remains challenging due to complex interactions between bubbles, plugs, and pipe walls. The document discusses factors like bubble and plug shapes, thin liquid films, pressure drops, and heat transfer during Taylor bubble flow. Further research on understanding oscillating Taylor bubble flows could improve models for predicting pulsating heat pipe performance.
IRJET- Tall-Building Structure Shape Optimization using “Computational Fluid ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to optimize the shape of tall buildings to reduce wind pressure. It begins by introducing CFD simulation as a suitable method for analyzing how wind pressure is affected by different building shapes. The document then provides background on wind forces on tall buildings and how wind flow patterns are complex. It describes using the realizable k-ε turbulent model in ANSYS software to simulate turbulent wind flow for the CFD analysis. The summary analyzes different building shapes using CFD to select a shape with reduced wind pressure.
Ca Hydraulic transient is a factor to be considered during structural design of water conveyance system. The most common hazardous situation is the uncontrolled pump trip due to power failure. Therefore, surge analysis is important for a water delivery project having long pipeline. Customized software WH 2.7 is used to solve the problem of surge in pipeline. Method of characteristics is widely used mathematical scheme for solving the phenomenon because of higher accuracy. The partial differential equations may be transformed by the method of characteristics into total differential equations. The later equations may then be integrated to yield finite differential equations which are conveniently handled numerically. This paper describes the problem of water hammer in long pipeline of lift irrigation scheme. The pumping station of lift irrigation scheme is located on riverbank and is to lift the water to the reservoir located at distance of 5.5 km through 1300mm diameter and 11 8 mm thickness mild steel pipeline. Three vertical turbine pumps each having capacity of delivering 0.937 m3 s total discharge capacity 2.8 m3 s and 43.24 m total head to irrigate the command area of 3300 ha. Continuous number of trials led to select combination of one air vessel of capacity 50 m3 and 10 Air Valves. Studies carried out helped to foresee advent conditions like column separation well in advance before implementation. This way it helps to finalize piping system incorporating anti surge devices like air vessel and air valves to keep the pipeline safe from water hammer due to power failure to the pumps and hence reliable operation for long run. Tomesh Kumar Sahu | Ashwini Bhoi | Kishor U. Farande "Water Hammer Analysis in Long Pipelines" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59823.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/59823/water-hammer-analysis-in-long-pipelines/tomesh-kumar-sahu
Fluid Structural Modal Coupled Numerical Investigation of Transonic Flutterin...IJERA Editor
Flutter is an unstable oscillation which can lead to destruction. Flutter can occur on fixed surfaces, such as blades, wing or the stabilizer. By self-excited aeroelastic instability, flutter can lead to mechanical or structural failure of aircraft engine blades. The modern engines have been designed with increased pressure ratio and reduced weight in order to improve aerodynamic efficiency, resulting in severe aeroelastic problems. Particularly flutter in axial compressors with transonic flow can be characterized by a number of aerodynamic nonlinear effects such as shock boundary layer interaction, rotating stall, and tip vortex instability. Rotating blades operating under high centrifugal forces may also encounter structural nonlinearities due to friction damping and large deformations. In the future work a standard axial flow compressor blade will be taken for analysis, both Subsonic and Transonic range are taken for analysis. Fluid and Structure are two different domains which will be coupled by full system coupling technique to predict the fluttering effect on the compressor blade. ANSYS is a commercial simulation tool, which will be deployed in this work to perform FSI (Fluid Structure Interaction) and FSI coupled Modal to predict the flutter in the compressor blades
Fluid Structural Modal Coupled Numerical Investigation of Transonic Flutterin...IJERA Editor
Flutter is an unstable oscillation which can lead to destruction. Flutter can occur on fixed surfaces, such as blades, wing or the stabilizer. By self-excited aeroelastic instability, flutter can lead to mechanical or structural failure of aircraft engine blades. The modern engines have been designed with increased pressure ratio and reduced weight in order to improve aerodynamic efficiency, resulting in severe aeroelastic problems. Particularly flutter in axial compressors with transonic flow can be characterized by a number of aerodynamic nonlinear effects such as shock boundary layer interaction, rotating stall, and tip vortex instability. Rotating blades operating under high centrifugal forces may also encounter structural nonlinearities due to friction damping and large deformations. In the future work a standard axial flow compressor blade will be taken for analysis, both Subsonic and Transonic range are taken for analysis. Fluid and Structure are two different domains which will be coupled by full system coupling technique to predict the fluttering effect on the compressor blade. ANSYS is a commercial simulation tool, which will be deployed in this work to perform FSI (Fluid Structure Interaction) and FSI coupled Modal to predict the flutter in the compressor blades
Fatigue Life Assessment for Power Cables in Floating Offshore Wind TurbinesFranco Bontempi
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies/special_issues/Wave_Tidal_Wind_Converters
Abstract: In this paper, a procedure is proposed to determine the fatigue life of the electrical cable connected to a 5MWfloating offshore wind turbine, supported by a spar-buoy at a water depth of 320 m, by using a numerical approach that takes into account site-specific wave and wind characteristics.
The efect of the intensity and the simultaneous actions of waves and wind are investigated and the outcomes for specific cable configurations are shown. Finally, the fatigue life of the cable is
evaluated. All analyses have been carried out using the Ansys AQWA computational code, which is a commercial code for the numerical investigation of the dynamic response of floating and fixed marine structures under the combined action of wind, waves and current. Furthermore, this paper applies the FAST NREL numerical code for comparison with the ANSYS AQWA results.
Keywords: wind energy; floating offshore wind turbine; dynamic analysis; fatigue life assessment; flexible power cables.
Sensitivity of Transient Phenomena Analysis of the Francis Turbine Power PlantsIJERA Editor
The accurate definition of the transient phenomena of the hydroelectric power plant (HPP) and its units, taking
into account various aspects of operation is an essential requirement for design, performances and control of
HPPs. Numerical analysis of transient phenomena, such as increase of the rotational speed (runaway) of the
units, increase of the pressure (turbine inlet head) in the hydraulic system (water hammer) and water level
oscillation in the surge tank is presented. The results of transient phenomena analyses are relied upon for very
costly engineering decisions. Because of this, it is important that the researcher understands the effect unknown
modeling parameters on the result of transient analysis. Usually, different researchers may choose alternate
values for an unknown modeling parameter and this can have significant effects on the results. The main aim in
this paper is to investigate of the sensitivity of transient phenomena analysis with variation in modeling
parameters such as pipeline friction factor, wave speed, turbine guide vanes closing law, surge tank throttling
coefficient and generator inertia.
This document discusses aeroelastic analysis of a moving wind turbine blade using fluid-structure interaction (FSI) modeling. The analysis used ANSYS software to simulate the interaction between fluid flow and structural stresses on the blade. The results showed maximum tip deflection and stresses at the blade root. Accounting for FSI is important as fluid forces can significantly impact blade stresses and vibrations over time.
DESIGN A HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE USING THE RAINFALL INTENSITY- DURATION- FREQUENC...IAEME Publication
A hydrologic analysis is an essential prerequisite for any project, is used to the evaluation of the watershed area for a stream and is used to determine the design discharge or the amount of runoff the culvert should be designed to convey. In this paper the relationship between the intensity duration-
and frequency of rainfall are used to obtain the value of discharge to design a pipe culvert for Najaf station in Iraq, from the relationship between Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves, the values of intensity for 10, 100 years return periods with 15, 30, and 60 min. durations are obtained and discharge values are obtained from multiplied the catchment area for Najaf station by the values of intensity for obtaining.
Offshore structures are continuously exposed to extremely varying aerodynamic
and hydrodynamic loads. The storm waves and breaking waves may cause significant
impact on coastal and offshore structures such as vertical sea wall, wind turbines,
LNG carriers and submarine pipelines etc. The prediction of the breaking wave
impact pressure is the important aspect in the design of those structures. The breaking
wave forces produce the highest hydrodynamic loads on substructures in shallow
water, predominantly plunging breaking waves. Owing to the complex and transient
nature of the impact forces it requires more details concerning the physics of breaking
waves and nature of wave interaction with those structures.
In this paper, A Piston-type wave generator was incorporated in the
computational domain to generate waves. Flow 3D was used for simulating 3D
numerical wave tank. The desired breaking waves are simulated using the concept of
wave focusing using Flow 3D solver. These waves are made to impinge on the elastic
circular cylinders of different materials such as PVC, timber and concrete by varying
the support conditions such as cantilever, both ends fixed, inclined support with 30º
inclination. The hydrodynamic response and the structural response are analysed and
validated with the experimental literatures. The maximum impact pressure transpired
on the cylinder due to plunging wave impact from numerical simulation is found to be
eight times of the non-breaking waves
Using Half Pipes as Permeable BreakwaterIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that investigated using half pipes as permeable breakwaters to protect coastlines in Egypt. Two types of half pipe breakwaters were tested experimentally and numerically: horizontal half pipes shaped like an H, and vertical half pipes shaped like a C. Physical models were used to identify the hydraulic performance of the barriers under different wave conditions. A numerical model was also developed using FLOW-3D software and validated against the laboratory data. The results showed that increasing the relative water depth decreases the amount of wave transmission through the barrier and increases wave reflection. Permeable breakwaters were found to effectively dissipate wave energy while avoiding issues caused by traditional solid breakwater structures.
Comparative Analysis Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in Various Arbitrary Cros...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of fully developed turbulent flow in circular, triangular, and rectangular cross-section pipes using the finite volume method. The study examines the flow of water at high Reynolds numbers using the k-ε turbulence model. Contour plots show that triangular duct has the highest dynamic pressure at the outlet, while rectangular duct has higher dynamic pressure than circular duct at the center and outlet. Turbulent intensity graphs indicate intensity increases more significantly after certain distances in circular and triangular ducts, but continuously increases along the rectangular duct length due to less variation in boundary layer and viscous sublayer.
THEORETICAL STUDY ON PIPE OF TAPERED THICKNESS WITH AN INTERNAL FLOW TO ESTIM...IAEME Publication
This research study the effect of tapered thickness on the free transverse vibration of clamped – free pipe which have uniform circular cross section conveying water by using Raighly –Ritz method in the two case, the first involves the pipe have a constant wall thickness (t1) at clamped end equal to (1mm & 2mm) while the thickness (t2) at free end changes according to the ratio (t2/t1=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1). In the second case the thickness at free end (t2) is constant (1mm & 2mm) whereas the thickness at clamped end (t1) changes at ratio (t1/t2=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1). The pipe has a constant inner radius (Ri) of (1 cm or 2 cm) and different values of length (1m & 2m).
Impact of Crack Length into Pipe Conveying Fluid Utilizing Fast Fourier trans...IJECEIAES
One of the most prominent problems experienced by the oil facilities is leakage of oil from the pipes. This problem caused 55% of oil refineries to be shut off. Oil leakage is a common problem that often results in oil waste, damage, and hazard to public health. Therefore, it is necessary to use Modern technologies to reduce this phenomenon and avoid them in advance. Pipes that convey fluids have many uses in various industries and living facilities. Risk increases when the fluid inside the pipe is flammable. In this work, main case that cause damage to the pipe, longitudinal crack is investigate.This work presents a new experimental model based on computer applications with a Fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm for testing the effect of longitudinal crack length by frequency and ultrasonic measurements to measure fluid velocity. The method is used for plastic pipe with 2 cm internal diameter, 3 cm external diameter, and 1 m length. The modulus of elasticity of the material is 800 N/mm2 according to the ISO 178 test method. The pipe conveys oil with simply supported ends. The results show that FFT model shows better features compared with other ways that depends on visual inspection or localized measurements which gave an external perception of pipeline damage. FFT model offers a reliable and cheap style for ensuring pipeline integrity and warning the risks before its occurrence. From the observations made the fundamental natural frequency (FNF) decreases by increasing of crack length in the pipe that conveys fluid.
Similar to IRJET- Study of Fluid Induced Vibrations using Simulation Means and their Effects during Internal Flows (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.