This document summarizes a study on improving the engineering properties of soil using pond ash and alccofine. The study involved testing various mixtures of locally sourced clay soil, pond ash as the main stabilizing material, and 3% alccofine. Tests were conducted to determine the optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio, and resistance to loss in strength for different mixtures. The results showed that treating the soil with 30% pond ash and 3% alccofine produced the best engineering properties, meeting requirements for base or subbase materials for pavements. This treatment significantly improved the soil's strength and bearing capacity.
Effect of Effective Porosity and Saturated Water Absorption on Rice Husk Ash-...IRJET Journal
- The document presents research on the effect of rice husk ash (RHA) and filtered sand (FS) on the durability properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC), specifically effective porosity and saturated water absorption.
- Concrete mixtures with varying replacements of cement by RHA (5-20%) and sand by FS (0-100%) were tested. Test results found that RHA-FS SCC exhibited better durability performance than conventional concrete, with lower effective porosity and saturated water absorption.
- The fresh properties of RHA-FS SCC, including slump flow, V-funnel time, and L-box blocking ratio, were found to meet EFNARC specifications for S
IRJET- An Comparative Study on Soil Stabilisation using Lime and CementIRJET Journal
This study compared soil stabilization using lime and cement. Two types of soils - black cotton soil and red soil - were stabilized with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% proportions of lime and cement. Tests conducted included specific gravity, plastic limit, liquid limit, California bearing ratio (CBR), and unconfined compression. The CBR and unconfined compression tests showed the soils stabilized with 10% lime or cement had the highest strength. Overall, the results indicated that both lime and cement can effectively stabilize soils and improve their engineering properties, but 10% was found to be the optimal proportion.
IRJET- An Overview of Current Research Trends in Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of current research trends in geopolymer concrete. It discusses how geopolymer concrete is made using industrial byproducts like fly ash and blast furnace slag instead of ordinary Portland cement, making it more sustainable. It summarizes research on the properties of fresh and hardened geopolymer concrete, including workability, strength, and durability. Studies found that geopolymer concrete can achieve comparable or higher strength than OPC concrete, and has improved resistance to sulfate and chloride attack, making it a promising sustainable alternative to traditional concrete.
Eco friendly construction techniques are gaining immense importance nowadays. Many innovations have
come in pavement construction and design. The use of reclaimed aggregates in constructing pavements is
one among them. Reclaimed aggregates come mainly from two sources - construction & demolition waste
and asphalt pavements. The optimized use of reclaimed aggregates along with fresh aggregates helps
decrease construction cost without compromising strength and durability. It also minimizes the use of
virgin aggregate and helps decrease crude oil import for producing paving bitumen. Reclaimed material is
first crushed and screened before using. Tests are then conducted to analyse its properties. Only those
batches which satisfy standard conditions are used. Reclaimed aggregate pavements hence help pavement
rehabilitation with minimum energy expenditure. This paper deals with the tests on reclaimed aggregate
and their property study. The various sources and means of retrieving aggregate from reclaimed material
are also dealt with.
IRJET-Stabilization of Expansive Soils using Construction and Demolition WasteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on stabilizing expansive black cotton soil using construction and demolition waste. The soil was mixed with powdered concrete and plaster debris waste at percentages from 2% to 14%. Standard Proctor tests found that the optimum moisture content decreased while the maximum dry density increased with higher waste content. Direct shear tests also showed that cohesion and internal friction angle increased with waste additions up to 10%, indicating higher shear strength. The study aims to reduce costs compared to other stabilizers and provide an optimal use for construction waste by decreasing the swelling properties of black cotton soil and increasing its bearing capacity and durability when used as a foundation material.
This document summarizes a study on the performance of subgrade formation using lime and cement stabilization in road projects. Laboratory tests were conducted on two soil samples collected from Jimma, Ethiopia to evaluate the effects of adding different percentages of lime and cement. The key findings from the tests include:
1) The addition of cement increased the plasticity index for one sample but increased and then decreased the plasticity index for the other sample. Lime increased plasticity initially for both samples.
2) Cement increased the maximum dry density for both samples, while the optimum moisture content increased to a point for one sample and decreased for the other.
3) With lime stabilization, the maximum dry density decreased to a point
COMPARISON OF SUBGRADE SOIL STRENGTH USING LIME & COST ANALYSISSk Md Nayar
This project report analyzes the improvement of soil properties and stabilization using lime. Chapter 1 introduces the need for ground improvement and soil stabilization techniques. Soil stabilization can alter soil properties to enhance engineering quality. Methods include stabilization without additives like compaction, drainage, reinforcement, and with additives like lime. The report aims to compare the strength of subgrade soil treated with different percentages of lime and perform a cost analysis. Experimental testing is conducted on soil samples with 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% lime mix to determine properties like compaction characteristics, CBR values, and unconfined compressive strength. The results show lime treatment improves plasticity index, strength behavior, and bearing capacity of soil. The study concludes lime stabilization
IRJET - Experimental and Analytical Study on High Strength Concrete (M70)...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on high-strength concrete (M70) using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Tests were conducted to determine the effect of different percentages (10%, 20%, 30%) of coarse RCA on the concrete's compressive strength, durability, and engineering properties. The results showed that replacement of up to 30% coarse RCA had no effect on concrete strength, but higher percentages led to gradual strength reductions. However, with adjustments to the water-cement ratio, high-strength concrete with RCA can achieve equivalent performance to concrete with natural aggregates. The study aims to establish RCA concrete as a viable and sustainable construction material.
Effect of Effective Porosity and Saturated Water Absorption on Rice Husk Ash-...IRJET Journal
- The document presents research on the effect of rice husk ash (RHA) and filtered sand (FS) on the durability properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC), specifically effective porosity and saturated water absorption.
- Concrete mixtures with varying replacements of cement by RHA (5-20%) and sand by FS (0-100%) were tested. Test results found that RHA-FS SCC exhibited better durability performance than conventional concrete, with lower effective porosity and saturated water absorption.
- The fresh properties of RHA-FS SCC, including slump flow, V-funnel time, and L-box blocking ratio, were found to meet EFNARC specifications for S
IRJET- An Comparative Study on Soil Stabilisation using Lime and CementIRJET Journal
This study compared soil stabilization using lime and cement. Two types of soils - black cotton soil and red soil - were stabilized with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% proportions of lime and cement. Tests conducted included specific gravity, plastic limit, liquid limit, California bearing ratio (CBR), and unconfined compression. The CBR and unconfined compression tests showed the soils stabilized with 10% lime or cement had the highest strength. Overall, the results indicated that both lime and cement can effectively stabilize soils and improve their engineering properties, but 10% was found to be the optimal proportion.
IRJET- An Overview of Current Research Trends in Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of current research trends in geopolymer concrete. It discusses how geopolymer concrete is made using industrial byproducts like fly ash and blast furnace slag instead of ordinary Portland cement, making it more sustainable. It summarizes research on the properties of fresh and hardened geopolymer concrete, including workability, strength, and durability. Studies found that geopolymer concrete can achieve comparable or higher strength than OPC concrete, and has improved resistance to sulfate and chloride attack, making it a promising sustainable alternative to traditional concrete.
Eco friendly construction techniques are gaining immense importance nowadays. Many innovations have
come in pavement construction and design. The use of reclaimed aggregates in constructing pavements is
one among them. Reclaimed aggregates come mainly from two sources - construction & demolition waste
and asphalt pavements. The optimized use of reclaimed aggregates along with fresh aggregates helps
decrease construction cost without compromising strength and durability. It also minimizes the use of
virgin aggregate and helps decrease crude oil import for producing paving bitumen. Reclaimed material is
first crushed and screened before using. Tests are then conducted to analyse its properties. Only those
batches which satisfy standard conditions are used. Reclaimed aggregate pavements hence help pavement
rehabilitation with minimum energy expenditure. This paper deals with the tests on reclaimed aggregate
and their property study. The various sources and means of retrieving aggregate from reclaimed material
are also dealt with.
IRJET-Stabilization of Expansive Soils using Construction and Demolition WasteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on stabilizing expansive black cotton soil using construction and demolition waste. The soil was mixed with powdered concrete and plaster debris waste at percentages from 2% to 14%. Standard Proctor tests found that the optimum moisture content decreased while the maximum dry density increased with higher waste content. Direct shear tests also showed that cohesion and internal friction angle increased with waste additions up to 10%, indicating higher shear strength. The study aims to reduce costs compared to other stabilizers and provide an optimal use for construction waste by decreasing the swelling properties of black cotton soil and increasing its bearing capacity and durability when used as a foundation material.
This document summarizes a study on the performance of subgrade formation using lime and cement stabilization in road projects. Laboratory tests were conducted on two soil samples collected from Jimma, Ethiopia to evaluate the effects of adding different percentages of lime and cement. The key findings from the tests include:
1) The addition of cement increased the plasticity index for one sample but increased and then decreased the plasticity index for the other sample. Lime increased plasticity initially for both samples.
2) Cement increased the maximum dry density for both samples, while the optimum moisture content increased to a point for one sample and decreased for the other.
3) With lime stabilization, the maximum dry density decreased to a point
COMPARISON OF SUBGRADE SOIL STRENGTH USING LIME & COST ANALYSISSk Md Nayar
This project report analyzes the improvement of soil properties and stabilization using lime. Chapter 1 introduces the need for ground improvement and soil stabilization techniques. Soil stabilization can alter soil properties to enhance engineering quality. Methods include stabilization without additives like compaction, drainage, reinforcement, and with additives like lime. The report aims to compare the strength of subgrade soil treated with different percentages of lime and perform a cost analysis. Experimental testing is conducted on soil samples with 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% lime mix to determine properties like compaction characteristics, CBR values, and unconfined compressive strength. The results show lime treatment improves plasticity index, strength behavior, and bearing capacity of soil. The study concludes lime stabilization
IRJET - Experimental and Analytical Study on High Strength Concrete (M70)...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on high-strength concrete (M70) using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Tests were conducted to determine the effect of different percentages (10%, 20%, 30%) of coarse RCA on the concrete's compressive strength, durability, and engineering properties. The results showed that replacement of up to 30% coarse RCA had no effect on concrete strength, but higher percentages led to gradual strength reductions. However, with adjustments to the water-cement ratio, high-strength concrete with RCA can achieve equivalent performance to concrete with natural aggregates. The study aims to establish RCA concrete as a viable and sustainable construction material.
IRJET- Effects of Varying Recycled Glass and Groundnut Shell Ash on Strength ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of incorporating recycled glass and groundnut shell ash (GSA) on the strength and durability properties of self-consolidating high performance concrete (SCHPC). Concrete cubes containing varying percentages (0-40%) of recycled glass as aggregate and GSA as a binder additive were produced and tested. Test results showed that SCHPC incorporating GSA and recycled glass had improved rheological and mechanical properties compared to the control concrete when cured in calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate solutions. Incorporating these waste materials in SCHPC can provide environmental benefits while also improving concrete properties.
IRJET- Establishment of Frame of Reference for Management and Reuse of Demoli...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on establishing a framework for managing and reusing demolition concrete waste. Concrete waste was collected from demolished structures and crushed to produce recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) as a partial replacement for natural coarse aggregate in new concrete. Various replacement ratios of RCA were tested and the properties of the resulting concrete, including compressive strength and workability, were evaluated and compared to a control concrete without RCA. The results indicate that concrete with a portion of RCA can achieve satisfactory performance comparable to conventional concrete, providing an environmentally friendly way to reuse demolition waste in construction applications.
IRJET- Efficacy of Lime and Fly Ash on CBR Value of Dredged Marine SoilIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of adding lime and fly ash to dredged marine soil on its compaction characteristics and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value. Laboratory tests were conducted by adding lime at concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% and fly ash at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% to the dredged soil. The results showed that the optimum moisture content increased and maximum dry density decreased with the addition of lime up to 2%, after which the trend reversed. The optimum moisture content decreased and maximum dry density increased with the addition of fly ash. Both lime and fly ash improved the CBR value of the soil up to certain concentrations, with lime providing the highest improvement at 6
This document discusses a study on the effect of using recycled concrete aggregates in bituminous concrete surface courses. The study aims to evaluate strength variations when recycled aggregates partially or fully replace natural aggregates in bituminous concrete. Marshall's method was used to test strength variations with different replacement levels of recycled aggregates. The results found that replacement of natural aggregates up to 20% with recycled aggregates is possible without significantly impacting strength characteristics of the bituminous concrete. However, more binder content is required.
Behavior of Black Cotton Soil with Addition of Sodium Carbonate and Calcium C...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the effectiveness of stabilizing black cotton soil with sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate. Black cotton soil samples were prepared with chemical solutions containing 0.5-3% of each chemical by weight of soil. Tests were conducted to determine the index properties, compaction characteristics, unconfined compression strength, and triaxial shear strength of the treated soils at 0, 3 and 7 days of curing. The results showed that both chemicals increased the maximum dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content of the soil compared to the untreated soil. Calcium carbonate was found to be more effective than sodium carbonate in improving the strength and stability of the black cotton soil.
IRJET- An Experimental Study on Black Cotton Soil Treated with Renolith and GGBSIRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on treating black cotton soil with Renolith polymer and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Black cotton soil is problematic for construction due to its expansive properties. Laboratory tests were conducted replacing the soil with 5-15% GGBS and 5-12.5% Renolith. The tests found that compressive strength and California bearing ratio increased with 10% Renolith replacement of GGBS, but decreased with higher replacement levels. Maximum dry density increased and optimum moisture content decreased with higher GGBS replacement. The study concludes that treating black cotton soil with GGBS and Renolith can improve its load-bearing capacity and reduce required pavement thickness.
Durability and Strength Characteristics of Bottom Ash ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of bottom ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. It begins with an abstract noting that bottom ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants and can improve the qualities of concrete when used as an admixture or cement replacement. The document then provides details on mix design methods for bottom ash concrete, including Smith's method, Cannon's method, and others. It notes that bottom ash concrete can achieve comparable strengths to traditional Portland cement concrete up to 50N/mm2 at 28 days depending on the mix design and bottom ash properties. The document concludes with a description of Ghosh's mix design method for proportioning bottom ash concrete mixtures.
Effect of Nano-Silica and Metakaolin on Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggrega...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the effect of nano-silica and metakaolin on the properties of recycled coarse aggregate concrete. Concrete samples were produced with partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with recycled coarse aggregate. Cement was also partially replaced with metakaolin at 10%, 15% and 20% and with nano-silica at 1%, 2% and 3%. Test results showed that compressive strength was highest (29.35% more than normal concrete) when cement was replaced with 15% metakaolin and 2% nano-silica, and coarse aggregate was replaced at 50% with recycled aggregate. The strength characteristics improved significantly at these optimum replacement levels of
STUDY ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE USED FOR PAVING BLOCKSAM Publications
Paver block is used in various applications like in street road and other construction places. Portland cement generates large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) which is responsible for global warming hence it is a greenhouse gas. And the concrete paver block production consume large amount of water and space for curing purpose. The other great problem today is disposal of solid waste from Coal fired thermal power plants generate fly ash and pond ash. This project combined sustainability, curing free with waste management leading to a wonderful product called geo-polymer concrete pavers. This paper represents the results of the geopolymer concrete paver block with the mix of M40 grade Test results indicate that low calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete pavers has excellent compressive strength within short period (3 days) without water curing & suitable for practical applications
IRJET- Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Fly Ash based Geopolym...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the engineering properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. The study aims to develop geopolymer concrete using fly ash as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement, in order to reduce CO2 emissions from cement production. The mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete, including compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength, are tested and compared to normal concrete under different curing methods. The results show that geopolymer concrete can achieve comparable or higher strengths than normal concrete, with the benefit of significantly lower CO2 emissions in its production.
This document discusses the potential benefits of using ore sorting and coarse gravity separation techniques for underground preconcentration in narrow vein mining scenarios. Some key benefits mentioned include reduced transportation and energy costs, improved productivity through enabling alternative mining methods, and potential operating cost savings of 20-40%. The document outlines how these techniques can help reject waste material earlier in the process at a coarser size. It also notes that robust, modular technologies like ore sorters and jigs are well-suited for underground use where space is limited. Overall preconcentration underground has the goal of improving the cost structure and viability of mining narrow vein deposits.
IRJET - A Study on the Efficacy of RHA as a Full Replacement for Clay in Bric...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study on using rice husk ash (RHA) as a full replacement for clay in brick-blocks. Various mixtures of RHA, m-sand, and cement were tested with RHA proportions ranging from 50-70%. The mixtures were molded and cured, then tested for compressive strength, water absorption, size, and shape. Testing showed mixtures with 50% RHA, 20% m-sand, and 30% cement met the lowest construction standards and had high water absorption. Ultrasonic pulse velocity tests indicated the brick-blocks were very porous. The study concluded bricks made from a 50:20:30 RHA:m-sand:cement ratio could be used for unimportant construction
IRJET - Study on Site Soil Treated with Bagasse Ash as a Liner MaterialIRJET Journal
The document studies the use of sugarcane bagasse ash, a byproduct of sugar production, as an additive to site soil to improve its properties for use as a liner material in waste containment facilities. Laboratory tests were conducted on soil samples with varying percentages of bagasse ash addition to determine optimal moisture content, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, and hydraulic conductivity. The results showed that bagasse ash improved the geotechnical properties of the soil, with hydraulic conductivity decreasing and strength increasing, indicating its potential as an effective and sustainable liner material.
IRJET- Strength and Durability Studies on Concrete Made using Treated Recycle...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on improving the strength and durability of concrete made using treated recycled coarse and fine aggregates. The researchers investigated methods for treating demolished concrete aggregates to improve their physical and mechanical properties for use as replacements for natural aggregates in concrete. Specifically, they looked at chemical treatments like sodium silicate, lithium silicate, and colloidal silica dioxide to strengthen and densify the recycled aggregates. Testing showed that concrete made with coarse aggregate treated with lithium silicate and fine aggregate treated with colloidal silica dioxide performed as well as concrete with natural aggregates in terms of strength and durability. The goal of the research was to enable 100% utilization of recycled aggregates from demolished concrete in new concrete production.
IRJET- Amendment of Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil using Brick Kiln D...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on amending the geotechnical properties of clayey soil using brick kiln dust and Alccofine 1101. Laboratory tests were conducted including the Atterberg limits test and compaction test on clayey soil mixed with varying proportions of brick kiln dust from 10-25% and Alccofine 1101 from 3-9%. Previous studies found these admixtures can increase the strength properties of soil and decrease swelling. The results of this study showed that adding these materials decreased the liquid limit and plasticity index of the clayey soil while increasing the maximum dry density and compressing strength.
This document summarizes a study on the strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete containing recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Two series of geopolymer concrete with different molar concentrations (8M and 14M) of sodium hydroxide were tested. For each series, 15 concrete cube specimens were prepared and tested for compressive strength at ages of 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength increased with higher sodium hydroxide concentration. At 7 days the strength was around 90% of the 28-day strength. The aggregate impact and crushing values of the RCA were also reported. The study concluded that higher sodium hydroxide concentration leads to higher geopolymer concrete strength due
IRJET - Effects of Partial Replacement of Portland Cement and Fine Aggregate ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on the effects of partially replacing Portland cement and fine aggregate in concrete with bagasse ash, rice husk ash, and waste foundry sand. It summarizes several studies that investigated how these replacements impact the mechanical properties of concrete, including compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength. The studies found that partial replacements of cement with these materials, typically up to 30%, can improve properties like strength and durability while reducing costs and environmental impacts. However, the properties achieved depend on factors like the materials' compositions and particle sizes. Overall, the partial replacements show potential but require optimization of materials and proportions.
Chapter of GEOPOLYMERIC BUILDING MATERIALS BY SYNERGIC UTILISATION OF INDUSTR...Anupam Kumar
This document discusses the development of novel building materials using industrial wastes through geopolymerization. It begins with an introduction to geopolymers and describes the major industrial wastes in India that can be used, namely fly ash, blast furnace slag, and red mud. It then details the materials and methods used to create geopolymer cement, self-glazed tiles, and pavement tiles from these wastes. The geopolymerization process is examined through isothermal conduction calorimetry. Various techniques to increase the reactivity of fly ash are also discussed. The document focuses on processing, structure, and properties of the novel geopolymer products developed for construction applications.
INVESTIGATION ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE KERB STONEIRJET Journal
This document discusses an investigation into using geopolymer concrete for kerb stones as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement concrete. Geopolymer concrete is made from alumino-silicate materials like fly ash instead of cement, reducing the environmental impact. The study aims to develop a drain-integrated kerb system using fly ash-based geopolymer concrete with varying amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregate replacement. Materials were tested and mix proportions were designed for M-40 grade concrete. Specimens were cast and cured, then tested for compressive and flexural strength. Results showed that geopolymer concrete with 0% RAP replacement had the highest strengths compared to mixes with 50% and
The Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Structural ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document discusses the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in structural concrete. It provides an overview of the properties of RCA compared to natural aggregates, including that RCA has higher water absorption and lower density due to attached residual mortar. The methodology describes testing RCA properties and using different RCA-natural aggregate blend ratios to produce concrete with a target compressive strength of 30MPa. The results showed concrete with a 50% RCA-50% natural aggregate blend met strength requirements, demonstrating potential environmental and sustainability benefits of using RCA.
SOIL STABILIZATION USING BONE ASH AND SILICA FUMEIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on soil stabilization using bone ash and silica fume. The study investigated how adding these materials affected key engineering properties of clayey soil. Tests found that adding up to 6% bone ash and 20% silica fume increased the soil's maximum dry density, CBR value, and unconfined compressive strength, while decreasing the liquid limit and increasing the plastic limit. The results indicate that bone ash and silica fume can effectively improve the engineering behavior of expansive clayey soils when used as additives.
IRJET- Effects of Varying Recycled Glass and Groundnut Shell Ash on Strength ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of incorporating recycled glass and groundnut shell ash (GSA) on the strength and durability properties of self-consolidating high performance concrete (SCHPC). Concrete cubes containing varying percentages (0-40%) of recycled glass as aggregate and GSA as a binder additive were produced and tested. Test results showed that SCHPC incorporating GSA and recycled glass had improved rheological and mechanical properties compared to the control concrete when cured in calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate solutions. Incorporating these waste materials in SCHPC can provide environmental benefits while also improving concrete properties.
IRJET- Establishment of Frame of Reference for Management and Reuse of Demoli...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on establishing a framework for managing and reusing demolition concrete waste. Concrete waste was collected from demolished structures and crushed to produce recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) as a partial replacement for natural coarse aggregate in new concrete. Various replacement ratios of RCA were tested and the properties of the resulting concrete, including compressive strength and workability, were evaluated and compared to a control concrete without RCA. The results indicate that concrete with a portion of RCA can achieve satisfactory performance comparable to conventional concrete, providing an environmentally friendly way to reuse demolition waste in construction applications.
IRJET- Efficacy of Lime and Fly Ash on CBR Value of Dredged Marine SoilIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of adding lime and fly ash to dredged marine soil on its compaction characteristics and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value. Laboratory tests were conducted by adding lime at concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% and fly ash at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% to the dredged soil. The results showed that the optimum moisture content increased and maximum dry density decreased with the addition of lime up to 2%, after which the trend reversed. The optimum moisture content decreased and maximum dry density increased with the addition of fly ash. Both lime and fly ash improved the CBR value of the soil up to certain concentrations, with lime providing the highest improvement at 6
This document discusses a study on the effect of using recycled concrete aggregates in bituminous concrete surface courses. The study aims to evaluate strength variations when recycled aggregates partially or fully replace natural aggregates in bituminous concrete. Marshall's method was used to test strength variations with different replacement levels of recycled aggregates. The results found that replacement of natural aggregates up to 20% with recycled aggregates is possible without significantly impacting strength characteristics of the bituminous concrete. However, more binder content is required.
Behavior of Black Cotton Soil with Addition of Sodium Carbonate and Calcium C...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the effectiveness of stabilizing black cotton soil with sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate. Black cotton soil samples were prepared with chemical solutions containing 0.5-3% of each chemical by weight of soil. Tests were conducted to determine the index properties, compaction characteristics, unconfined compression strength, and triaxial shear strength of the treated soils at 0, 3 and 7 days of curing. The results showed that both chemicals increased the maximum dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content of the soil compared to the untreated soil. Calcium carbonate was found to be more effective than sodium carbonate in improving the strength and stability of the black cotton soil.
IRJET- An Experimental Study on Black Cotton Soil Treated with Renolith and GGBSIRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on treating black cotton soil with Renolith polymer and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Black cotton soil is problematic for construction due to its expansive properties. Laboratory tests were conducted replacing the soil with 5-15% GGBS and 5-12.5% Renolith. The tests found that compressive strength and California bearing ratio increased with 10% Renolith replacement of GGBS, but decreased with higher replacement levels. Maximum dry density increased and optimum moisture content decreased with higher GGBS replacement. The study concludes that treating black cotton soil with GGBS and Renolith can improve its load-bearing capacity and reduce required pavement thickness.
Durability and Strength Characteristics of Bottom Ash ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of bottom ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. It begins with an abstract noting that bottom ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants and can improve the qualities of concrete when used as an admixture or cement replacement. The document then provides details on mix design methods for bottom ash concrete, including Smith's method, Cannon's method, and others. It notes that bottom ash concrete can achieve comparable strengths to traditional Portland cement concrete up to 50N/mm2 at 28 days depending on the mix design and bottom ash properties. The document concludes with a description of Ghosh's mix design method for proportioning bottom ash concrete mixtures.
Effect of Nano-Silica and Metakaolin on Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggrega...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the effect of nano-silica and metakaolin on the properties of recycled coarse aggregate concrete. Concrete samples were produced with partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with recycled coarse aggregate. Cement was also partially replaced with metakaolin at 10%, 15% and 20% and with nano-silica at 1%, 2% and 3%. Test results showed that compressive strength was highest (29.35% more than normal concrete) when cement was replaced with 15% metakaolin and 2% nano-silica, and coarse aggregate was replaced at 50% with recycled aggregate. The strength characteristics improved significantly at these optimum replacement levels of
STUDY ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE USED FOR PAVING BLOCKSAM Publications
Paver block is used in various applications like in street road and other construction places. Portland cement generates large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) which is responsible for global warming hence it is a greenhouse gas. And the concrete paver block production consume large amount of water and space for curing purpose. The other great problem today is disposal of solid waste from Coal fired thermal power plants generate fly ash and pond ash. This project combined sustainability, curing free with waste management leading to a wonderful product called geo-polymer concrete pavers. This paper represents the results of the geopolymer concrete paver block with the mix of M40 grade Test results indicate that low calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete pavers has excellent compressive strength within short period (3 days) without water curing & suitable for practical applications
IRJET- Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Fly Ash based Geopolym...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the engineering properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. The study aims to develop geopolymer concrete using fly ash as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement, in order to reduce CO2 emissions from cement production. The mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete, including compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength, are tested and compared to normal concrete under different curing methods. The results show that geopolymer concrete can achieve comparable or higher strengths than normal concrete, with the benefit of significantly lower CO2 emissions in its production.
This document discusses the potential benefits of using ore sorting and coarse gravity separation techniques for underground preconcentration in narrow vein mining scenarios. Some key benefits mentioned include reduced transportation and energy costs, improved productivity through enabling alternative mining methods, and potential operating cost savings of 20-40%. The document outlines how these techniques can help reject waste material earlier in the process at a coarser size. It also notes that robust, modular technologies like ore sorters and jigs are well-suited for underground use where space is limited. Overall preconcentration underground has the goal of improving the cost structure and viability of mining narrow vein deposits.
IRJET - A Study on the Efficacy of RHA as a Full Replacement for Clay in Bric...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study on using rice husk ash (RHA) as a full replacement for clay in brick-blocks. Various mixtures of RHA, m-sand, and cement were tested with RHA proportions ranging from 50-70%. The mixtures were molded and cured, then tested for compressive strength, water absorption, size, and shape. Testing showed mixtures with 50% RHA, 20% m-sand, and 30% cement met the lowest construction standards and had high water absorption. Ultrasonic pulse velocity tests indicated the brick-blocks were very porous. The study concluded bricks made from a 50:20:30 RHA:m-sand:cement ratio could be used for unimportant construction
IRJET - Study on Site Soil Treated with Bagasse Ash as a Liner MaterialIRJET Journal
The document studies the use of sugarcane bagasse ash, a byproduct of sugar production, as an additive to site soil to improve its properties for use as a liner material in waste containment facilities. Laboratory tests were conducted on soil samples with varying percentages of bagasse ash addition to determine optimal moisture content, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, and hydraulic conductivity. The results showed that bagasse ash improved the geotechnical properties of the soil, with hydraulic conductivity decreasing and strength increasing, indicating its potential as an effective and sustainable liner material.
IRJET- Strength and Durability Studies on Concrete Made using Treated Recycle...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on improving the strength and durability of concrete made using treated recycled coarse and fine aggregates. The researchers investigated methods for treating demolished concrete aggregates to improve their physical and mechanical properties for use as replacements for natural aggregates in concrete. Specifically, they looked at chemical treatments like sodium silicate, lithium silicate, and colloidal silica dioxide to strengthen and densify the recycled aggregates. Testing showed that concrete made with coarse aggregate treated with lithium silicate and fine aggregate treated with colloidal silica dioxide performed as well as concrete with natural aggregates in terms of strength and durability. The goal of the research was to enable 100% utilization of recycled aggregates from demolished concrete in new concrete production.
IRJET- Amendment of Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil using Brick Kiln D...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on amending the geotechnical properties of clayey soil using brick kiln dust and Alccofine 1101. Laboratory tests were conducted including the Atterberg limits test and compaction test on clayey soil mixed with varying proportions of brick kiln dust from 10-25% and Alccofine 1101 from 3-9%. Previous studies found these admixtures can increase the strength properties of soil and decrease swelling. The results of this study showed that adding these materials decreased the liquid limit and plasticity index of the clayey soil while increasing the maximum dry density and compressing strength.
This document summarizes a study on the strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete containing recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Two series of geopolymer concrete with different molar concentrations (8M and 14M) of sodium hydroxide were tested. For each series, 15 concrete cube specimens were prepared and tested for compressive strength at ages of 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength increased with higher sodium hydroxide concentration. At 7 days the strength was around 90% of the 28-day strength. The aggregate impact and crushing values of the RCA were also reported. The study concluded that higher sodium hydroxide concentration leads to higher geopolymer concrete strength due
IRJET - Effects of Partial Replacement of Portland Cement and Fine Aggregate ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on the effects of partially replacing Portland cement and fine aggregate in concrete with bagasse ash, rice husk ash, and waste foundry sand. It summarizes several studies that investigated how these replacements impact the mechanical properties of concrete, including compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength. The studies found that partial replacements of cement with these materials, typically up to 30%, can improve properties like strength and durability while reducing costs and environmental impacts. However, the properties achieved depend on factors like the materials' compositions and particle sizes. Overall, the partial replacements show potential but require optimization of materials and proportions.
Chapter of GEOPOLYMERIC BUILDING MATERIALS BY SYNERGIC UTILISATION OF INDUSTR...Anupam Kumar
This document discusses the development of novel building materials using industrial wastes through geopolymerization. It begins with an introduction to geopolymers and describes the major industrial wastes in India that can be used, namely fly ash, blast furnace slag, and red mud. It then details the materials and methods used to create geopolymer cement, self-glazed tiles, and pavement tiles from these wastes. The geopolymerization process is examined through isothermal conduction calorimetry. Various techniques to increase the reactivity of fly ash are also discussed. The document focuses on processing, structure, and properties of the novel geopolymer products developed for construction applications.
INVESTIGATION ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE KERB STONEIRJET Journal
This document discusses an investigation into using geopolymer concrete for kerb stones as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement concrete. Geopolymer concrete is made from alumino-silicate materials like fly ash instead of cement, reducing the environmental impact. The study aims to develop a drain-integrated kerb system using fly ash-based geopolymer concrete with varying amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregate replacement. Materials were tested and mix proportions were designed for M-40 grade concrete. Specimens were cast and cured, then tested for compressive and flexural strength. Results showed that geopolymer concrete with 0% RAP replacement had the highest strengths compared to mixes with 50% and
The Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Structural ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document discusses the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in structural concrete. It provides an overview of the properties of RCA compared to natural aggregates, including that RCA has higher water absorption and lower density due to attached residual mortar. The methodology describes testing RCA properties and using different RCA-natural aggregate blend ratios to produce concrete with a target compressive strength of 30MPa. The results showed concrete with a 50% RCA-50% natural aggregate blend met strength requirements, demonstrating potential environmental and sustainability benefits of using RCA.
SOIL STABILIZATION USING BONE ASH AND SILICA FUMEIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on soil stabilization using bone ash and silica fume. The study investigated how adding these materials affected key engineering properties of clayey soil. Tests found that adding up to 6% bone ash and 20% silica fume increased the soil's maximum dry density, CBR value, and unconfined compressive strength, while decreasing the liquid limit and increasing the plastic limit. The results indicate that bone ash and silica fume can effectively improve the engineering behavior of expansive clayey soils when used as additives.
IRJET-Soil Stabilisation by Utilising Phosphogypsum and Calcium Carbide ResidueIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on soil stabilization using phosphogypsum and calcium carbide residue. Black cotton soil samples were mixed with 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of phosphogypsum and calcium carbide residue individually, and together. Standard compaction, unconfined compression, and California bearing ratio tests were conducted. Results showed that maximum dry density decreased and optimum moisture content increased with increasing residue content. Unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio values initially increased with residue content but then decreased at higher contents. Stabilizing with both residues together gave higher strength values than individual residues. The study demonstrated the potential of using these industrial wastes for economically improving soil engineering properties.
IRJET- Soil Stabilization using Fly AshIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using fly ash to stabilize soil. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that can improve soil properties when mixed in. The study tested various properties of soil mixed with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% fly ash content. Tests showed that fly ash reduced the plasticity index and increased the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of the soil. Specifically, adding 15% fly ash reduced the plasticity index to 0, meaning the soil became non-plastic. Fly ash addition also resulted in appreciable increases to the CBR, which can reduce required pavement thickness. Previous studies also found fly ash improves soil strength, reduces expansion, and lowers hydraulic conductivity. The research aims to utilize
STABILIZATION OF WASTE DUMP USING FLYASHDr. Naveen BP
Bangalore is facing problems due to old municipal solid waste dump yards
situated close to the expanding city as they are in the expansion zone of growing city. These
dump yards needs to be reclaimed for infrastructure development such as roads, buildings and
other needs. To reclaim the old dump sites, it is necessary to know the characteristics of solid
waste, more particularly the geotechnical properties. The characteristics of dumps sites are not
generally suitable for foundations of most types of structures coming on them and their
properties need to be improved. Also their characteristics vary change with aging due to their
degradation. This paper presents the results of stabilization of dumped waste by addition of
pozzolanic material such as fly ash. Laboratory tests such as Direct shear and California
Bearing Ratio (CBR) have been performed on dumped waste with fly ash. It was found that
addition of 20% of fly ash the shear strength of dumped waste has increased considerably. Also
CBR of stabilized waste dumps, which is important in the reclamation of dumped sites, has been
analyzed. It was that CBR of stabilized dumps was higher value for 5 mm penetration than for
2.5 mm penetration and tests were conducted to confirm the same. It was observed that the
improvement in CBR is promising and further studies are required to improve to the material to
form suitable for foundations.
IRJET- Effect of Fly Ash and Nano Calcium Silicates in Clayey Soil Used as Cl...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a mixture of locally available clayey soil, fly ash, and nano calcium silicate as a potential landfill liner material. Laboratory tests were conducted to analyze the properties of the soil mixtures with varying percentages of fly ash (2-10%) and nano calcium silicate (0.2-1%). The results found that adding 6% fly ash produced the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for the soil. Additional tests determined that incorporating nano calcium silicate into the soil-fly ash mixture further improved strength characteristics by filling voids and promoting pozzolanic reactions. The study aims to develop an affordable landfill liner material using industrial and local waste products that meets specifications for low hydraulic conductivity and strength.
Compressive strength variability of brown coal fly ash geopolymer concreteeSAT Publishing House
The document summarizes research investigating the compressive strength variability of geopolymer concrete made with brown coal fly ash as a binder. Testing of six mixes of geopolymer concrete found a large range in 28-day compressive strengths, from 43.81 MPa to 7.21 MPa. Additional chemical analysis found significant variability in the chemical composition of samples from the same brown coal fly ash source, particularly in the silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide contents. This variability is believed to contribute to the variability in compressive strengths and suggests the need for pretreatment and refinement of brown coal fly ash to produce more consistent geopolymer concrete.
IRJET- An Experimental Study on Behaviour of Concrete with Coco-PeatIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of concrete with coco-peat. Coco-peat is a waste material obtained from coconuts that can hold large quantities of water and reduce curing time. The study aimed to partially replace sand with coco-peat in concrete mixes. Concrete cubes with 0%, 10%, and 20% coco-peat replacement were tested and their 7-day and 28-day compressive strengths were compared to conventional concrete. The results showed that compressive strength generally decreased with higher coco-peat content, but coco-peat concrete still met structural requirements and provided benefits like reduced costs, curing time, and improved insulation.
IRJET- An Epitome of Soil Stabilization using Dolochar as a Solid Waste f...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using dolochar, a solid waste produced by the sponge iron industry, to stabilize soil for pavement construction. Dolochar contains silica and other compounds that can improve soil properties through pozzolanic reactions when mixed with soil. The document reviews several studies that found mixing dolochar into expansive soils reduces swelling, increases bearing capacity, and improves other geotechnical properties. Using dolochar for soil stabilization provides environmental benefits by reducing disposal of this industrial waste, while also improving soil quality at a lower cost. The research demonstrates dolochar can effectively stabilize soils and make them suitable for uses such as road and pavement construction.
STUDY ON USE OF WASTE MATERIAL IN RIGID PAVEMENT AND FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTIRJET Journal
This document discusses using waste materials like sugarcane bagasse ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag as partial replacements for cement in rigid pavement construction. It first reviews previous studies on using various waste substances in concrete that found replacement levels of 5-30% can be suitable. The objectives of the current study are to determine optimal replacement percentages of the wastes to maximize cost-effectiveness and properties of the pavement concrete. Various tests are conducted on concrete mixes with different replacement levels to evaluate properties like compressive strength. The results show compressive strengths are highest with 10% replacement of cement with the wastes.
The document studies soil cement blocks used for load-bearing masonry. Soil cement blocks with varying cement contents (6%, 8%, 12%) were tested to examine characteristics like compressive strength, water absorption, pore size, and elastic properties. Testing found that doubling the cement content from 6% resulted in over 2.5 times increase in strength. Water absorption was not greatly affected by cement content, but rate of absorption and pore size decreased with higher cement. Elastic modulus increased over 2 times when cement increased from 6% to 8%, but only marginally from 8% to 12%. The study aims to promote soil cement blocks as a lower-cost and more sustainable alternative to fired clay bricks for housing construction.
IRJET- Partial Replacement of Cement Clinker with Limestone and Low Quality C...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on partially replacing cement clinker with limestone and low-quality calcined clay in concrete. The study aims to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions from cement production. Specifically, it examines a ternary blend called LC3 consisting of calcined clay, limestone, and cement clinkers. The methodology involved testing the properties of materials, determining the optimum dosage of calcined clay, selecting potential mixes, designing M30 concrete mixes, and evaluating the compressive strengths of concretes made with LC3, ordinary Portland cement, and pozzolanic cement at various ages. The results indicate that LC3 has potential to reduce the clinker content and associated CO2 emissions from cement.
IRJET- Study on Engineering Properties of Soil using Bagasse Ash and Sisal FiberIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the engineering properties of soil stabilized with bagasse ash and sisal fiber. Bagasse ash is a waste product from sugarcane mills that is mixed with clayey soil in proportions from 2-8% by weight. Sisal fiber, a natural fiber, is added to the soil-bagasse ash mixture in lengths of 2, 4, 6 mm and proportions of 1-2% by weight. Tests are conducted to determine the maximum dry density, optimum moisture content, unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio of the stabilized soil mixtures. The results show that mixing 4% bagasse ash and 1% sisal fiber improves the engineering properties of the clayey soil. Further testing is
IRJET- Comparative Study on the Use of Clay and Cemented Clay as Landfill Lin...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the use of clay and cement-stabilized clay as landfill liner materials. It describes how two reactors were set up, with one using clay and the other using cement-stabilized clay as liners. Leachate was synthetically prepared and passed through the liners. Laboratory analysis was conducted on the leachate before and after passing through the liners to analyze pH, turbidity, chloride content, and COD over a 28 day period. The study found that both clay and cement-stabilized clay were able to significantly reduce pollutants in the leachate, with the cement-stabilized clay performing slightly better at removing turbidity and COD.
Green concrete is an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional concrete that uses recycled and sustainable materials to reduce its carbon footprint. It can reduce CO2 emissions by 80% compared to traditional concrete by using industrial wastes like fly ash instead of Portland cement, and recycled concrete aggregates instead of virgin materials. The main objectives of green concrete are to lower greenhouse gas emissions, reduce energy and resource usage, and promote more sustainable construction practices. Its use could help India address issues from its booming construction industry like waste disposal and environmental impacts, though more research and awareness building is still needed to increase adoption.
IRJET- Partial Replacement of Aggregates in Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated partially replacing aggregates in geopolymer concrete with industrial waste materials. Geopolymer concrete was produced by completely replacing ordinary Portland cement with fly ash. Fine aggregate was partially replaced with charcoal powder and coarse aggregate was partially replaced with crushed coconut shells. Specimens with 0%, 10%, and 20% aggregate replacement were tested for compressive, tensile, and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days. The 10% replacement mix achieved the highest compressive strength at 28 days. Strength generally decreased as replacement increased. However, using waste materials can reduce environmental impacts while providing adequate strength for construction applications.
This document discusses a study that examined the effects of adding waste glass and waste marble to concrete. Waste glass was added in proportions of 10-30% by weight of cement as a binding material. Waste marble was added in proportions of 40-60% by weight of cement as a filler material. Test results showed that workability decreased with the additions but mechanical performance like compressive and tensile strength improved up to 20% waste glass and 50% waste marble. Statistical modeling also agreed with experimental results in optimizing the waste materials in concrete. The study concludes the waste materials can improve concrete performance while reducing environmental impacts of industrial waste.
IRJET- Stabilized Mud Blocks using Alccofines and GGBSIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on stabilized mud blocks using waste materials like ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and alccofine as stabilizers. Mud blocks were created with 10% additions of either GGBS or alccofine by weight. The blocks were cured for 28 days and then tested for their compressive strength and water absorption. Test results found that blocks stabilized with GGBS had higher average compressive strength of 4.09 N/mm2 compared to 2.63 N/mm2 for alccofine stabilized blocks. Water absorption was also lower for GGBS blocks at 6% compared to 8.7% for alccofine blocks. The study concluded that G
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STRENGTH OF ECOFRIENDLY MORTAR MADE WITH PARTIAL REPL...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study analyzing the strength of eco-friendly mortar made by partially replacing natural fine aggregate (sand) with fly ash. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that is often disposed of improperly, harming the environment. The study mixes mortar with 0%, 20%, 22%, 24%, and 26% fly ash replacement of sand to evaluate compressive strength after 7 and 28 days of curing. Results show compressive strength increases with higher fly ash content, with a 6.5% strength increase at 20% replacement compared to 100% sand. Using fly ash helps reduce pollution from waste disposal while conserving natural resources as construction demand grows. The study aims to promote more sustainable mortar production and construction
Similar to IRJET- Improvement of Engineering Properties of Soil using Pond ASH and Alccofine (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.