This document discusses a technique for dynamically charging lead acid batteries used in electric bikes to improve battery efficiency and lifetime. The system uses a programmable interface controller (PIC) microcontroller to dynamically charge two secondary batteries from each other and a primary battery based on each secondary battery's voltage level. This is done using boost and buck converters connected to relays controlled by the PIC to transfer charge between the batteries. Simulation results showed this dynamic charging approach achieves better energy cost performance than conventional charging methods without requiring knowledge of usage in advance.
Design of charging unit for electrical vehicles using solar powerRohit gorantla
the design of charging unit in electrical vehicles using solar power means that the automatic charge of the battery is done by use of solar panel. This gives the brief description of the methodology happened in the entire project.
Single Phase Online UPS Employing ACT with Power Factor Corrected Rectifierijsrd.com
High quality and availability of electrical power are now strategic requirements for all sectors of the economy. A breakdown can endanger the smooth running of a company and generate considerable financial costs. Failure of an electrical supply and electrical installation can be a serious human risk, for the operators as well as for the users. Blackouts, brownouts, voltage surges, voltage spikes, harmonics are common day-to-day power problems. Due to these problems we may not get clean power supply. But solutions do exists. Among these solutions, UPS is one of the most commonly used today. An Uninterruptible Power Supply, or UPS, is an electronic device that provides an alternative electric power supply to connected electronic equipment when the primary power source is not available. UPS design at communication center needs highest reliability and maximum availability. UPS's half cost is dependent on Battery. So it is more important to consider the battery life. Battery life mainly depends on three factors: Rate of discharge, charging current, temperature. We cannot control the rate of discharge. We can control only charging current and temperature factors. Using this concept how battery's life can be increased it is illustrated in this paper. With additional voltage and temperature sensor each battery block can be monitored individually.
Design of charging unit for electrical vehicles using solar powerRohit gorantla
the design of charging unit in electrical vehicles using solar power means that the automatic charge of the battery is done by use of solar panel. This gives the brief description of the methodology happened in the entire project.
Single Phase Online UPS Employing ACT with Power Factor Corrected Rectifierijsrd.com
High quality and availability of electrical power are now strategic requirements for all sectors of the economy. A breakdown can endanger the smooth running of a company and generate considerable financial costs. Failure of an electrical supply and electrical installation can be a serious human risk, for the operators as well as for the users. Blackouts, brownouts, voltage surges, voltage spikes, harmonics are common day-to-day power problems. Due to these problems we may not get clean power supply. But solutions do exists. Among these solutions, UPS is one of the most commonly used today. An Uninterruptible Power Supply, or UPS, is an electronic device that provides an alternative electric power supply to connected electronic equipment when the primary power source is not available. UPS design at communication center needs highest reliability and maximum availability. UPS's half cost is dependent on Battery. So it is more important to consider the battery life. Battery life mainly depends on three factors: Rate of discharge, charging current, temperature. We cannot control the rate of discharge. We can control only charging current and temperature factors. Using this concept how battery's life can be increased it is illustrated in this paper. With additional voltage and temperature sensor each battery block can be monitored individually.
Design and Construction of Automatic Three Phase Power System Selectoriosrjce
The automatic three phase power system selector was designed and constructed. The device
automatically switches over to the alternative phase that has current when there is power outage or extremely
low current in the phase which the load is connected without the power being off. The selector links the load and
the other phases and relay switches allowing the usage of the remaining phases where there is outage on the
mains source without disturbing or interrupting the load. It maintains constant power supply to the load by
automatically activating the phases when the need arises. This safeguards the electronics system from being
damaged and burnout as a result of voltage instability, collapse, insistent outages which are paramount in
under developed and developing countries
BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS) IN ELECTRIC VEHICLESBhagavathyP
Introduction
Why we need BMS?
General function of BMS
Block diagram of BMS
BMS architecture
Battery pack – Voltage, Current, Temperature and Isolation sensing
HV contactor control
BMS communications interface
Estimation of energy and power and SOC
Methods to find SOC
Cell Balancing
Relationship between SOC and DOD
Interleaved Boost Converter Fed with PV for Induction Motor/Agricultural Appl...IAES-IJPEDS
In present Electricity market Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are gaining much importance. The most common Renewable Energy Sources are Photo voltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC) and wind energy systems, out of these three PV systems PV system can implemented in most of the locations. Due to the power cuts and power disturbances in Distribution systems agriculture application is concentrated on PV based Energy system. The use of PV system is increasing day by day in agriculture application, due to their ease of control and flexibility. PV Electrification schemes also involves various subsidies in government national and international donors. Especially in Agriculture field by use of PV one can achieve higher subsidy. The output of PV system is low voltage DC to have high efficiency. The motors used in agriculture field are Induction Motors (IM) fed from Three phase AC supply, to boost the PV output we need a high voltage gain boost converter along with PWM inverter to Induction motor drive. Out of various DC-DC converter configurations interleaved boost converter is gaining much attention, due to its reduction in size and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). In this work we are proposing a PV fed interleaved boost converter with PWM inverter for agriculture applications. The design process of interleaved boost converter is explain detail and compared with existing boost converter. A 10 KW Power rating is choosing for the Induction motor drive and design calculations are carried out. A MATLAB/SIMULINK based model is developed for boost and interleaved boost converter and simulation results are presented, finally a scaled down hardware circuit design for interleaved boost converter and results are presented.
Benefits: 20-30% extra energy, Ease of Installation & Expandable, No Single Point of Failure, Improved Safety, Low Space & No Heating, Longer Life, Silent
Electrical Power Distribution System (ArnabNandi_WBSEDCL)Arnab Nandi
This project report has been prepared in fulfillment of Industrial Training carried out after 6th Semester of B.Tech course. The industrial training was conducted at various sub-stations and supply offices under Serampore Division of West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Ltd. (WBSEDCL) from 16.07.2016 to 30.07.2016.
The blend of learning and knowledge acquired during my visit to the sub stations and supply offices is presented in this project report.
Implementation of Solar Powered BLDC Motor Driveijsrd.com
Renewable energy sources are being increasingly implemented in many applications due to the growing concern of environmental pollution. The PV (Photovoltaic) system appears to be most promising one because it is environmentally clean in nature and it directly converts solar energy into electrical energy. This paper presents the FPGA (Field programmable gate array) based speed control of PMBLDC (Permanent magnet Brushless DC) motor & this BLDC motor is driven by the solar energy. The solar panel is used to obtain the energy needed to run BLDC motor. The voltage obtained from solar panel is stored in battery due to the non-constant nature of solar energy. The voltage from battery is not sufficient to run BLDC motor & hence boost converter is used to boost the voltage required to run BLDC motor. Commutation is implemented on FPGA. FPGA based speed control scheme reduces the complexity of motor control hardware & in turn boost the demand for mobile applications.
This paper presents the analysis, modeling and control of a grid connected photovoltaic generation system. The model contains a detailed representation of the solar array, grid side multilevel neutral point clamped voltage source inverter. Fuzzy logic controller for the maximum power point tracking of a photovoltaic system under variable temperature and insulation conditions is discussed. The PQ control approach has been presented for the multilevel inverter. One of the most common control strategies structures applied to decentralized power generator is based on power direct control employing a controller for the dc link voltage and a controller to regulate the injected current to the utility network. The proposed models were implemented in Matlab/Simulink.
Design and Construction of Automatic Three Phase Power System Selectoriosrjce
The automatic three phase power system selector was designed and constructed. The device
automatically switches over to the alternative phase that has current when there is power outage or extremely
low current in the phase which the load is connected without the power being off. The selector links the load and
the other phases and relay switches allowing the usage of the remaining phases where there is outage on the
mains source without disturbing or interrupting the load. It maintains constant power supply to the load by
automatically activating the phases when the need arises. This safeguards the electronics system from being
damaged and burnout as a result of voltage instability, collapse, insistent outages which are paramount in
under developed and developing countries
BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS) IN ELECTRIC VEHICLESBhagavathyP
Introduction
Why we need BMS?
General function of BMS
Block diagram of BMS
BMS architecture
Battery pack – Voltage, Current, Temperature and Isolation sensing
HV contactor control
BMS communications interface
Estimation of energy and power and SOC
Methods to find SOC
Cell Balancing
Relationship between SOC and DOD
Interleaved Boost Converter Fed with PV for Induction Motor/Agricultural Appl...IAES-IJPEDS
In present Electricity market Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are gaining much importance. The most common Renewable Energy Sources are Photo voltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC) and wind energy systems, out of these three PV systems PV system can implemented in most of the locations. Due to the power cuts and power disturbances in Distribution systems agriculture application is concentrated on PV based Energy system. The use of PV system is increasing day by day in agriculture application, due to their ease of control and flexibility. PV Electrification schemes also involves various subsidies in government national and international donors. Especially in Agriculture field by use of PV one can achieve higher subsidy. The output of PV system is low voltage DC to have high efficiency. The motors used in agriculture field are Induction Motors (IM) fed from Three phase AC supply, to boost the PV output we need a high voltage gain boost converter along with PWM inverter to Induction motor drive. Out of various DC-DC converter configurations interleaved boost converter is gaining much attention, due to its reduction in size and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). In this work we are proposing a PV fed interleaved boost converter with PWM inverter for agriculture applications. The design process of interleaved boost converter is explain detail and compared with existing boost converter. A 10 KW Power rating is choosing for the Induction motor drive and design calculations are carried out. A MATLAB/SIMULINK based model is developed for boost and interleaved boost converter and simulation results are presented, finally a scaled down hardware circuit design for interleaved boost converter and results are presented.
Benefits: 20-30% extra energy, Ease of Installation & Expandable, No Single Point of Failure, Improved Safety, Low Space & No Heating, Longer Life, Silent
Electrical Power Distribution System (ArnabNandi_WBSEDCL)Arnab Nandi
This project report has been prepared in fulfillment of Industrial Training carried out after 6th Semester of B.Tech course. The industrial training was conducted at various sub-stations and supply offices under Serampore Division of West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Ltd. (WBSEDCL) from 16.07.2016 to 30.07.2016.
The blend of learning and knowledge acquired during my visit to the sub stations and supply offices is presented in this project report.
Implementation of Solar Powered BLDC Motor Driveijsrd.com
Renewable energy sources are being increasingly implemented in many applications due to the growing concern of environmental pollution. The PV (Photovoltaic) system appears to be most promising one because it is environmentally clean in nature and it directly converts solar energy into electrical energy. This paper presents the FPGA (Field programmable gate array) based speed control of PMBLDC (Permanent magnet Brushless DC) motor & this BLDC motor is driven by the solar energy. The solar panel is used to obtain the energy needed to run BLDC motor. The voltage obtained from solar panel is stored in battery due to the non-constant nature of solar energy. The voltage from battery is not sufficient to run BLDC motor & hence boost converter is used to boost the voltage required to run BLDC motor. Commutation is implemented on FPGA. FPGA based speed control scheme reduces the complexity of motor control hardware & in turn boost the demand for mobile applications.
This paper presents the analysis, modeling and control of a grid connected photovoltaic generation system. The model contains a detailed representation of the solar array, grid side multilevel neutral point clamped voltage source inverter. Fuzzy logic controller for the maximum power point tracking of a photovoltaic system under variable temperature and insulation conditions is discussed. The PQ control approach has been presented for the multilevel inverter. One of the most common control strategies structures applied to decentralized power generator is based on power direct control employing a controller for the dc link voltage and a controller to regulate the injected current to the utility network. The proposed models were implemented in Matlab/Simulink.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.