This document describes a study that evaluated the effect of friction stir welding parameters on the mechanical properties of joints between dissimilar aluminum alloys AA 6061 and AA 6082. Friction stir welding was performed on specimens with varying rotational speeds and traverse speeds. The welded joints were then tested for hardness, tensile strength, and other mechanical properties. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the influence of the different welding parameters on mechanical performance. The goal was to develop mathematical models to optimize the friction stir welding parameters to achieve desired mechanical properties when joining these two aluminum alloys.
Design and Experimental study of Friction stir welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy for...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and experimental study of friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy. The goal is to optimize welding parameters using a lathe machine. FSW is a solid-state welding process that joins metals without melting. The tool geometry and process parameters significantly impact weld quality. Experiments were conducted using different tool profiles and transverse speeds on AA6061 aluminum alloy plates of varying thickness on a lathe machine. Numerical simulations were also performed to model the thermal and mechanical effects of FSW. The simulations showed temperature distributions and deformation patterns during welding. Overall, the study aimed to understand how tool design and process parameters affect the mechanical properties and quality of FSW aluminum welds.
An Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Weldi...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of friction stir welding of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 and brass IS319 using EN19 tools with circular and taper profiles. Friction stir welding is a solid-state joining process that generates heat through friction between the rotating tool and workpieces.
The experiment was conducted on a milling machine using EN19 tools with circular and taper profiles to weld aluminum and brass plates. The welded joints were tested for tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness. The taper profile tool achieved a tensile strength of 108.5 N/mm2, yield strength of 76.05 N/mm2, and Vickers hardness of 51.73 HV. The circular
Review paper on friction stir welding of various materialIRJET Journal
The document reviews friction stir welding (FSW), a solid-state welding technique invented in 1991. It discusses how FSW works, common materials welded, key process parameters like rotational speed and welding speed, and their effects on weld strength and microstructure. Several case studies are presented that examined how varying process parameters impacted tensile strength when welding materials like aluminum alloys, steel, and polymers. The conclusion states that FSW is well-suited for welding aluminum alloys and efforts are ongoing to weld higher-temperature materials and dissimilar metals using this technique.
Analytical Investigation and Comparison on Performance of Ss316, Ss440c and T...IJERA Editor
Theoretical analysis for performance studies of SS316, SS44OC and Titanium Alloy used as a cutting tool is presented in this paper. Tool temperature, tools wear and life of the tool is investigated analytically. These theoretical values are compared with the experimental studies conducted by the author. The values obtained from experimental studies are comparable with analytical values and variation is the correlation between theoretical and experimental values is of the order of 15%.
Experimental Investigations of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) on Al 6061 : A Cas...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloy 6061. The study used a milling machine to conduct FSW trials with different tool pin profiles at various welding parameters. Initial trials failed due to tool breakage. Failure analysis found the main causes were tool material, rpm, and tool profile/vibrations. Modifying the tool to a tapered, threaded pin profile and increasing rpm to 1200 led to a successful weld with tensile strength of 66MPa, demonstrating FSW is possible on conventional machine tools. The study explored using FSW to join common aluminum alloys for applications like automotive and construction.
Study of Simulated Temperature of Butt Joint during Friction Stir Welding Of ...IJERA Editor
Friction stir welding (FSW) is one of the latest welding technology that utilizes a special tool for generation of frictional heat in the work piece by its rotation due to which joining occurs without melting of metal. For this reason friction stir welding lies under the category of solid state joining. A part from experimental work, there is large space to work on simulation of FSW by using simulation tools. In the present paper, simulation of friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA-6061 is done by using HyperWeld module of Altair HyperWorks. The virtual experiment of friction stir welding is conducted for variable tool rotational speeds with constant travelling speed and study of simulation results of variation in temperature distribution along the weld line of butt joint is done. The results of simulation shows that the temperature is symmetrically distributed along the weld line. It is observed that the maximum temperature along the weld line increases with the increase in rotational speed. It is also observed that the temperature at advancing side is greater that retreating side.
The document reviews research on thermal, thermo-mechanical, and thermal stress distribution during friction stir welding (FSW). Several studies have used experimental, theoretical, numerical, and analytical methods to analyze temperature distribution, heat generation, residual stresses, and other thermal effects during FSW. Finite element modeling has been widely used to model thermal phenomena and compare results to experimental data. The research shows that temperature, heat input, and process parameters significantly impact weld properties. Understanding thermal effects is important for optimizing FSW parameters and conditions.
Finite element modeling and bending stress analysis of non standard spur geareSAT Journals
Abstract Gears are toothed wheels, transmitting power and motion from one shaft to another by means of successive engagement of teeth. Having a higher degree of reliability, compactness, high velocity ratio and finally able to transmit motion at a very low velocity, gears are gaining importance as the most efficient means for transmitting power. A gearing system is susceptible to problems such as interference, backlash and undercut. The contact portions of tooth profiles that are not conjugate is called interference. Furthermore due to interference and in the absence of undercut, the involute tip or face of the driven gear tends to dig out the non-involute flank of the driver. The response of a spur gear and its wear is an engineering problem that has not been completely overcome yet. With the perspective of overcoming such defects and for increase the efficiency of gearing system, the use of a non-standard spur gear i.e., an asymmetric spur gear having different pressure angles for drive and coast side of the tooth comes into picture. This paper emphasis on the generation of an asymmetric spur gear tooth using modeling software and bending stress at the root of Asymmetric spur gear tooth is estimated by finite element analysis using ANSYS software and results were compared with the standard spur gear tooth. Keywords: Asymmetric spur gear, Bending stress, Finite element method, Pressure angle
Design and Experimental study of Friction stir welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy for...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and experimental study of friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy. The goal is to optimize welding parameters using a lathe machine. FSW is a solid-state welding process that joins metals without melting. The tool geometry and process parameters significantly impact weld quality. Experiments were conducted using different tool profiles and transverse speeds on AA6061 aluminum alloy plates of varying thickness on a lathe machine. Numerical simulations were also performed to model the thermal and mechanical effects of FSW. The simulations showed temperature distributions and deformation patterns during welding. Overall, the study aimed to understand how tool design and process parameters affect the mechanical properties and quality of FSW aluminum welds.
An Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Weldi...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of friction stir welding of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 and brass IS319 using EN19 tools with circular and taper profiles. Friction stir welding is a solid-state joining process that generates heat through friction between the rotating tool and workpieces.
The experiment was conducted on a milling machine using EN19 tools with circular and taper profiles to weld aluminum and brass plates. The welded joints were tested for tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness. The taper profile tool achieved a tensile strength of 108.5 N/mm2, yield strength of 76.05 N/mm2, and Vickers hardness of 51.73 HV. The circular
Review paper on friction stir welding of various materialIRJET Journal
The document reviews friction stir welding (FSW), a solid-state welding technique invented in 1991. It discusses how FSW works, common materials welded, key process parameters like rotational speed and welding speed, and their effects on weld strength and microstructure. Several case studies are presented that examined how varying process parameters impacted tensile strength when welding materials like aluminum alloys, steel, and polymers. The conclusion states that FSW is well-suited for welding aluminum alloys and efforts are ongoing to weld higher-temperature materials and dissimilar metals using this technique.
Analytical Investigation and Comparison on Performance of Ss316, Ss440c and T...IJERA Editor
Theoretical analysis for performance studies of SS316, SS44OC and Titanium Alloy used as a cutting tool is presented in this paper. Tool temperature, tools wear and life of the tool is investigated analytically. These theoretical values are compared with the experimental studies conducted by the author. The values obtained from experimental studies are comparable with analytical values and variation is the correlation between theoretical and experimental values is of the order of 15%.
Experimental Investigations of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) on Al 6061 : A Cas...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloy 6061. The study used a milling machine to conduct FSW trials with different tool pin profiles at various welding parameters. Initial trials failed due to tool breakage. Failure analysis found the main causes were tool material, rpm, and tool profile/vibrations. Modifying the tool to a tapered, threaded pin profile and increasing rpm to 1200 led to a successful weld with tensile strength of 66MPa, demonstrating FSW is possible on conventional machine tools. The study explored using FSW to join common aluminum alloys for applications like automotive and construction.
Study of Simulated Temperature of Butt Joint during Friction Stir Welding Of ...IJERA Editor
Friction stir welding (FSW) is one of the latest welding technology that utilizes a special tool for generation of frictional heat in the work piece by its rotation due to which joining occurs without melting of metal. For this reason friction stir welding lies under the category of solid state joining. A part from experimental work, there is large space to work on simulation of FSW by using simulation tools. In the present paper, simulation of friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA-6061 is done by using HyperWeld module of Altair HyperWorks. The virtual experiment of friction stir welding is conducted for variable tool rotational speeds with constant travelling speed and study of simulation results of variation in temperature distribution along the weld line of butt joint is done. The results of simulation shows that the temperature is symmetrically distributed along the weld line. It is observed that the maximum temperature along the weld line increases with the increase in rotational speed. It is also observed that the temperature at advancing side is greater that retreating side.
The document reviews research on thermal, thermo-mechanical, and thermal stress distribution during friction stir welding (FSW). Several studies have used experimental, theoretical, numerical, and analytical methods to analyze temperature distribution, heat generation, residual stresses, and other thermal effects during FSW. Finite element modeling has been widely used to model thermal phenomena and compare results to experimental data. The research shows that temperature, heat input, and process parameters significantly impact weld properties. Understanding thermal effects is important for optimizing FSW parameters and conditions.
Finite element modeling and bending stress analysis of non standard spur geareSAT Journals
Abstract Gears are toothed wheels, transmitting power and motion from one shaft to another by means of successive engagement of teeth. Having a higher degree of reliability, compactness, high velocity ratio and finally able to transmit motion at a very low velocity, gears are gaining importance as the most efficient means for transmitting power. A gearing system is susceptible to problems such as interference, backlash and undercut. The contact portions of tooth profiles that are not conjugate is called interference. Furthermore due to interference and in the absence of undercut, the involute tip or face of the driven gear tends to dig out the non-involute flank of the driver. The response of a spur gear and its wear is an engineering problem that has not been completely overcome yet. With the perspective of overcoming such defects and for increase the efficiency of gearing system, the use of a non-standard spur gear i.e., an asymmetric spur gear having different pressure angles for drive and coast side of the tooth comes into picture. This paper emphasis on the generation of an asymmetric spur gear tooth using modeling software and bending stress at the root of Asymmetric spur gear tooth is estimated by finite element analysis using ANSYS software and results were compared with the standard spur gear tooth. Keywords: Asymmetric spur gear, Bending stress, Finite element method, Pressure angle
IRJET- Development of Special Tool with Fixture for Process Optimization ...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes the development of a specialized tool and fixture for cutting hex key holes.
2) The tool is designed using CAD software based on key hole dimensions and analyzed using classical techniques validated by finite element analysis.
3) The tool allows hex key holes to be cut on a lathe in a rotary broaching process, decreasing machining costs by 20 times and production time by 10 times while maintaining quality.
Experimental Analysis to Optimize the Process Parameter of Friction Stir Weld...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental analysis to optimize the process parameters of friction stir welding (FSW) for aluminum alloy AA6082. The researchers conducted FSW experiments using different combinations of tool rotation speed, tilt angle, and welding speed. Tensile strength results of the welded joints were analyzed using Taguchi methods and particle swarm optimization to determine the optimal parameter settings. Specifically, a central composite design was used with three factors at three levels each to evaluate the effects of the FSW parameters on tensile strength. The goal of the research was to develop relationships between FSW variables and tensile/yield strength and identify the best settings for maximizing strength in single and multi-pass welds of AA6082 aluminum alloy.
IRJET- Review Paper on of Single Point Cutting Tool with Taguchi Robust ApproachIRJET Journal
This document presents a review paper on simulating a single point cutting tool process using the Taguchi robust design approach. It discusses using finite element modeling (FEM) software to numerically simulate the turning process and analyze three input factors (depth of cut, cutting speed, and rack angle) and two responses (stress and strain). The Taguchi design of experiments technique is used to develop relationships between factors and responses. Regression modeling is then used to develop equations relating the input parameters to output results. Previous research on measuring cutting temperatures, forces, and modeling metal cutting processes is also reviewed to provide context and validate the current study's approach.
IRJET- Optimization Machining Parameters in a Turning Operation of Steels to ...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study to optimize machining parameters during turning operations of different steel grades to minimize surface roughness and temperature. The study uses Taguchi methodology to determine the effects of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on temperature, hardness, and surface roughness. Experiments were conducted turning EN8 steel, mild steel, and OHNS steel using tungsten and cemented carbide inserts. Results from Taguchi analysis and ANOVA showed that cutting speed has the most significant impact on surface roughness and hardness, while depth of cut alone significantly impacts temperature. The optimum parameters were identified to minimize surface roughness and temperature for the different materials.
Optimization of FSW Process Parameter to Achieve Maximum Tensile Strength of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experiment that aimed to optimize friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters to achieve maximum tensile strength in aluminum alloy AA6061 welds. The researchers conducted experiments using different tool rotation speeds, tool travel speeds, and tool tilt angles as welding parameters based on a Taguchi experimental design. Tensile tests on the welded specimens showed that ultimate tensile strength was highest at 2000 rpm, 1500 mm/min travel speed, and 0 degree tilt angle. Analysis of variance was used to determine the relative importance of each parameter, finding that tool rotational speed had the greatest influence on tensile strength.
An Experimental Analysis and Optimization of Process Parameters on Friction S...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that used Taguchi methods to optimize process parameters for friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA6061-T6 and AA6951-T6. The researchers conducted experiments using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to examine the effects of rotational speed, welding speed, and tool tilt angle on the tensile strength of the welded joints. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratios were used to analyze the results and identify the optimal levels for each parameter to maximize tensile strength. The researchers found that rotational speed had the greatest influence on tensile strength, followed by welding speed, with tool tilt angle having the smallest effect.
Investigation on Properties of Structural Steel Joints using Arc and MIG Weld...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the properties of structural steel joints welded using arc and MIG welding processes. Mild steel plates of varying thicknesses were welded using both processes. Samples from the welded joints underwent tensile testing, impact testing, hardness testing, and microscopic analysis to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties. The investigation found that MIG welding joints produced higher mechanical properties than arc welding joints when joining mild steel plates. V-shaped joints also performed better than square butt joints.
Effect of various process parameters on friction stir welded jointeSAT Journals
Abstract Pure and ZnS added ADP (ammonium dihydrogen phosphate) single crystals have been grown at room temperature by the free evaporation method. A total of six crystals have been grown and characterized structurally, chemically, thermally, optically, mechanically and electrically by using the suitable standard methods. Results obtained indicate that the impurity molecules have entered into the ADP crystal matrix. ZnS addition is found to increase the SHG efficiency significantly. All the grown crystals exhibit good optical transmission in the entire visible region. Results of AC and DC electrical measurements indicate a normal dielectric behaviour for all the six crystals grown. The electrical parameters, viz., DC electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor and AC electrical conductivity are found to increase with the increase in temperature. The optical, mechanical and electrical parameters are found to vary nonlinearly with the impurity (ZnS) concentration. Keywords: ADP crystal, Crystal growth, Doped crystals, Physical properties, X-ray diffraction.
Review of Effect of Tool Nose Radius on Cutting Force and Surface RoughnessIRJET Journal
This document reviews the effect of tool nose radius on cutting force and surface roughness in machining processes. It summarizes several previous studies that have examined how tool nose radius influences factors like surface finish, tool wear, cutting forces, heat generation, and residual stresses. The studies found that larger tool nose radii generally produce finer surface finishes but greater tool wear. Increasing nose radius also tends to increase cutting forces but decrease surface roughness. The document aims to further evaluate how nose radius affects cutting force, tool wear, and residual stresses in metal turning.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Review Paper on Friction Stir Welding and its Impact on EnvironmentIRJET Journal
This document reviews friction stir welding (FSW), a solid-state welding technique invented in 1991. FSW involves plunging a rotating tool with a shoulder and pin into aluminum or other metal workpieces to generate frictional heat and plasticize the metals, joining them below their melting points. Key benefits of FSW include high weld quality, low distortion, no shielding gas or filler wire needed, and it is more environmentally friendly than arc welding. Process parameters like tool geometry, rotation speed, and pressure influence the weld microstructure and properties. FSW has applications in industries like aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IRJET- Simulation of Turning with Finite Element Thermal Modeling of Aerospac...IRJET Journal
This document discusses finite element modeling and simulation of machining Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V using DEFORM 10.2 software. Titanium alloys are difficult to machine due to high temperatures generated and tendency to weld to cutting tools. The study aims to model temperature distribution on the tool during turning. A detailed methodology for modeling and simulation is presented, including defining tool and workpiece properties in the preprocessing step to set up boundary conditions and simulate the machining process. The results from simulation can provide insight into tool temperature, forces, tool wear and life to optimize machining of this important aerospace alloy.
Experimental investigation of tool wear in turning of inconel718 material rev...EditorIJAERD
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into tool wear during turning of Inconel718 material. It reviews the effects of various cutting conditions, tool geometries, and tool treatments on tool wear and other output parameters like cutting force, temperature, vibration, power consumption, surface roughness, and material removal rate. The goal is to analyze tool wear based on literature to optimize machining of Inconel718 using a CNC machine. Various studies investigating factors like cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, tool material, and cooling conditions are summarized to reduce tool wear during machining of this difficult-to-cut alloy.
The document discusses finite element analysis (FEA) to model temperature distribution during the turning process. It begins with an introduction to turning and FEA modeling of machining processes. It then discusses heat generation zones in turning and methods for measuring temperatures, including thermocouples and pyrometers. The literature review covers previous research using FEA to study temperature, forces, stresses and strains in machining. The goal of the research is to develop an FEA simulation model to determine temperature distributions under different cutting conditions and tool materials.
Optimization of Surface Roughness Parameters in Turning EN1A Steel on a CNC L...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experiment to optimize surface roughness parameters when turning EN1A steel on a CNC lathe with coolant. The experiment uses Taguchi methods to design the experiment with three factors (cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut) at three levels each, for a total of nine experiments. Analysis of variance is used to analyze the results and determine that feed rate has the highest contribution to surface roughness at 68.56%, followed by cutting speed at 18.98% and depth of cut at 12.46%. Regression and general linear models are developed to model the relationship between the input and output parameters. The results provide optimal cutting conditions and are useful for manufacturing industries to improve surface finish.
IRJET- Friction Stir Welding of AA5052& AA6061 Aluminium Alloy by using T...IRJET Journal
This document discusses friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA5052 and AA6061 using Taguchi methods to optimize welding parameters. AA5052 and AA6061 plates were welded using various tool rotational speeds, transverse feeds, and tilt angles. Tensile testing showed the highest strength of 211MPa occurred with a rotational speed of 700rpm, transverse feed of 110mm/min, and tilt angle of 2 degrees. Taguchi analysis identified tilt angle as the most important parameter, with increased tilt angle improving tensile strength and elongation. Overall, friction stir welding was able to successfully join the dissimilar aluminum alloys.
Effect of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welded Joint for Similar Alumin...IJERA Editor
This document discusses optimizing the process parameters for friction stir welding (FSW) of similar aluminum alloy H30. Experiments were conducted using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array with rotational speed, travel speed, and axial force as parameters. Tensile tests found strengths ranged from 32-80 MPa. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratios identified axial force as the most significant parameter, with a strength-optimized level of 6000N. Rotational speed of 1600 RPM and travel speed of 20 mm/min also improved strength. The study aims to determine optimum parameters for high strength FSW joints of aluminum alloy H30.
IRJET- Prediction of Angular Distortion in TIG Welded Stainless Steel 202 She...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that developed a mathematical model to predict angular distortion in TIG welded stainless steel 202 sheets. The study investigated the effects of welding current, welding speed, and torch angle on angular distortion. Experiments were conducted according to a central composite design and used to develop a regression model relating the input parameters to angular distortion. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found the model to be significant and adequate. The developed model can predict angular distortion within the range of input parameters and help minimize distortion in automated welding applications. Graphs show relationships between each input parameter and angular distortion.
Finite Element Analysis of Single Point Cutting ToolIRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of a single point cutting tool. Experimental measurements were taken of the temperature at the tool tip during machining operations at different cutting speeds and depths of cut. The tool-work thermocouple technique was used to measure the temperature. Finite element modeling and analysis was performed on a single point cutting tool modeled in CATIA and analyzed in ANSYS. Both analytical calculations and finite element analysis were used to determine stresses on the cutting tool. The results found that temperature and stresses at the tool tip increased with increasing cutting speed and depth of cut. Stresses from finite element analysis matched closely with those calculated analytically.
Experimental Investigation for Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy Al 60...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum alloy Al 6061 joints considering different friction stir welding parameters. Specifically, it examines the effects of tool shape (taper or threaded), welding speed, and feed rate on the tensile strength, impact toughness, and microhardness of the welded joints. Experiments were conducted according to a Taguchi L8 orthogonal array design of experiments. Results indicated that welding speed had the greatest influence on tensile strength, feed rate most influenced impact toughness and microhardness, and the optimal parameters were a taper tool, 600 RPM welding speed, and 40 mm/min feed rate. These parameters produced joints with maximum mechanical property strengths.
This document summarizes a study on the tensile behavior of aluminum plates welded using friction stir welding. Various welding parameters like rotational speed, welding speed, and pin diameter were experimented with to weld an aluminum alloy. Mathematical models were developed using a statistical design of experiments approach to understand the effects of the parameters on tensile strength. It was found that tensile strength decreases with increasing rotational speed, increases with increasing welding speed, and decreases with increasing pin diameter. The maximum tensile strength was achieved at low rotational speed and high welding speed. Regression models for tensile strength were developed and validated to be adequate predictors within 95% confidence level.
IRJET- Development of Special Tool with Fixture for Process Optimization ...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes the development of a specialized tool and fixture for cutting hex key holes.
2) The tool is designed using CAD software based on key hole dimensions and analyzed using classical techniques validated by finite element analysis.
3) The tool allows hex key holes to be cut on a lathe in a rotary broaching process, decreasing machining costs by 20 times and production time by 10 times while maintaining quality.
Experimental Analysis to Optimize the Process Parameter of Friction Stir Weld...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental analysis to optimize the process parameters of friction stir welding (FSW) for aluminum alloy AA6082. The researchers conducted FSW experiments using different combinations of tool rotation speed, tilt angle, and welding speed. Tensile strength results of the welded joints were analyzed using Taguchi methods and particle swarm optimization to determine the optimal parameter settings. Specifically, a central composite design was used with three factors at three levels each to evaluate the effects of the FSW parameters on tensile strength. The goal of the research was to develop relationships between FSW variables and tensile/yield strength and identify the best settings for maximizing strength in single and multi-pass welds of AA6082 aluminum alloy.
IRJET- Review Paper on of Single Point Cutting Tool with Taguchi Robust ApproachIRJET Journal
This document presents a review paper on simulating a single point cutting tool process using the Taguchi robust design approach. It discusses using finite element modeling (FEM) software to numerically simulate the turning process and analyze three input factors (depth of cut, cutting speed, and rack angle) and two responses (stress and strain). The Taguchi design of experiments technique is used to develop relationships between factors and responses. Regression modeling is then used to develop equations relating the input parameters to output results. Previous research on measuring cutting temperatures, forces, and modeling metal cutting processes is also reviewed to provide context and validate the current study's approach.
IRJET- Optimization Machining Parameters in a Turning Operation of Steels to ...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study to optimize machining parameters during turning operations of different steel grades to minimize surface roughness and temperature. The study uses Taguchi methodology to determine the effects of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on temperature, hardness, and surface roughness. Experiments were conducted turning EN8 steel, mild steel, and OHNS steel using tungsten and cemented carbide inserts. Results from Taguchi analysis and ANOVA showed that cutting speed has the most significant impact on surface roughness and hardness, while depth of cut alone significantly impacts temperature. The optimum parameters were identified to minimize surface roughness and temperature for the different materials.
Optimization of FSW Process Parameter to Achieve Maximum Tensile Strength of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experiment that aimed to optimize friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters to achieve maximum tensile strength in aluminum alloy AA6061 welds. The researchers conducted experiments using different tool rotation speeds, tool travel speeds, and tool tilt angles as welding parameters based on a Taguchi experimental design. Tensile tests on the welded specimens showed that ultimate tensile strength was highest at 2000 rpm, 1500 mm/min travel speed, and 0 degree tilt angle. Analysis of variance was used to determine the relative importance of each parameter, finding that tool rotational speed had the greatest influence on tensile strength.
An Experimental Analysis and Optimization of Process Parameters on Friction S...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that used Taguchi methods to optimize process parameters for friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA6061-T6 and AA6951-T6. The researchers conducted experiments using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to examine the effects of rotational speed, welding speed, and tool tilt angle on the tensile strength of the welded joints. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratios were used to analyze the results and identify the optimal levels for each parameter to maximize tensile strength. The researchers found that rotational speed had the greatest influence on tensile strength, followed by welding speed, with tool tilt angle having the smallest effect.
Investigation on Properties of Structural Steel Joints using Arc and MIG Weld...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the properties of structural steel joints welded using arc and MIG welding processes. Mild steel plates of varying thicknesses were welded using both processes. Samples from the welded joints underwent tensile testing, impact testing, hardness testing, and microscopic analysis to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties. The investigation found that MIG welding joints produced higher mechanical properties than arc welding joints when joining mild steel plates. V-shaped joints also performed better than square butt joints.
Effect of various process parameters on friction stir welded jointeSAT Journals
Abstract Pure and ZnS added ADP (ammonium dihydrogen phosphate) single crystals have been grown at room temperature by the free evaporation method. A total of six crystals have been grown and characterized structurally, chemically, thermally, optically, mechanically and electrically by using the suitable standard methods. Results obtained indicate that the impurity molecules have entered into the ADP crystal matrix. ZnS addition is found to increase the SHG efficiency significantly. All the grown crystals exhibit good optical transmission in the entire visible region. Results of AC and DC electrical measurements indicate a normal dielectric behaviour for all the six crystals grown. The electrical parameters, viz., DC electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor and AC electrical conductivity are found to increase with the increase in temperature. The optical, mechanical and electrical parameters are found to vary nonlinearly with the impurity (ZnS) concentration. Keywords: ADP crystal, Crystal growth, Doped crystals, Physical properties, X-ray diffraction.
Review of Effect of Tool Nose Radius on Cutting Force and Surface RoughnessIRJET Journal
This document reviews the effect of tool nose radius on cutting force and surface roughness in machining processes. It summarizes several previous studies that have examined how tool nose radius influences factors like surface finish, tool wear, cutting forces, heat generation, and residual stresses. The studies found that larger tool nose radii generally produce finer surface finishes but greater tool wear. Increasing nose radius also tends to increase cutting forces but decrease surface roughness. The document aims to further evaluate how nose radius affects cutting force, tool wear, and residual stresses in metal turning.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Review Paper on Friction Stir Welding and its Impact on EnvironmentIRJET Journal
This document reviews friction stir welding (FSW), a solid-state welding technique invented in 1991. FSW involves plunging a rotating tool with a shoulder and pin into aluminum or other metal workpieces to generate frictional heat and plasticize the metals, joining them below their melting points. Key benefits of FSW include high weld quality, low distortion, no shielding gas or filler wire needed, and it is more environmentally friendly than arc welding. Process parameters like tool geometry, rotation speed, and pressure influence the weld microstructure and properties. FSW has applications in industries like aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IRJET- Simulation of Turning with Finite Element Thermal Modeling of Aerospac...IRJET Journal
This document discusses finite element modeling and simulation of machining Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V using DEFORM 10.2 software. Titanium alloys are difficult to machine due to high temperatures generated and tendency to weld to cutting tools. The study aims to model temperature distribution on the tool during turning. A detailed methodology for modeling and simulation is presented, including defining tool and workpiece properties in the preprocessing step to set up boundary conditions and simulate the machining process. The results from simulation can provide insight into tool temperature, forces, tool wear and life to optimize machining of this important aerospace alloy.
Experimental investigation of tool wear in turning of inconel718 material rev...EditorIJAERD
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into tool wear during turning of Inconel718 material. It reviews the effects of various cutting conditions, tool geometries, and tool treatments on tool wear and other output parameters like cutting force, temperature, vibration, power consumption, surface roughness, and material removal rate. The goal is to analyze tool wear based on literature to optimize machining of Inconel718 using a CNC machine. Various studies investigating factors like cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, tool material, and cooling conditions are summarized to reduce tool wear during machining of this difficult-to-cut alloy.
The document discusses finite element analysis (FEA) to model temperature distribution during the turning process. It begins with an introduction to turning and FEA modeling of machining processes. It then discusses heat generation zones in turning and methods for measuring temperatures, including thermocouples and pyrometers. The literature review covers previous research using FEA to study temperature, forces, stresses and strains in machining. The goal of the research is to develop an FEA simulation model to determine temperature distributions under different cutting conditions and tool materials.
Optimization of Surface Roughness Parameters in Turning EN1A Steel on a CNC L...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experiment to optimize surface roughness parameters when turning EN1A steel on a CNC lathe with coolant. The experiment uses Taguchi methods to design the experiment with three factors (cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut) at three levels each, for a total of nine experiments. Analysis of variance is used to analyze the results and determine that feed rate has the highest contribution to surface roughness at 68.56%, followed by cutting speed at 18.98% and depth of cut at 12.46%. Regression and general linear models are developed to model the relationship between the input and output parameters. The results provide optimal cutting conditions and are useful for manufacturing industries to improve surface finish.
IRJET- Friction Stir Welding of AA5052& AA6061 Aluminium Alloy by using T...IRJET Journal
This document discusses friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA5052 and AA6061 using Taguchi methods to optimize welding parameters. AA5052 and AA6061 plates were welded using various tool rotational speeds, transverse feeds, and tilt angles. Tensile testing showed the highest strength of 211MPa occurred with a rotational speed of 700rpm, transverse feed of 110mm/min, and tilt angle of 2 degrees. Taguchi analysis identified tilt angle as the most important parameter, with increased tilt angle improving tensile strength and elongation. Overall, friction stir welding was able to successfully join the dissimilar aluminum alloys.
Effect of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welded Joint for Similar Alumin...IJERA Editor
This document discusses optimizing the process parameters for friction stir welding (FSW) of similar aluminum alloy H30. Experiments were conducted using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array with rotational speed, travel speed, and axial force as parameters. Tensile tests found strengths ranged from 32-80 MPa. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratios identified axial force as the most significant parameter, with a strength-optimized level of 6000N. Rotational speed of 1600 RPM and travel speed of 20 mm/min also improved strength. The study aims to determine optimum parameters for high strength FSW joints of aluminum alloy H30.
IRJET- Prediction of Angular Distortion in TIG Welded Stainless Steel 202 She...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that developed a mathematical model to predict angular distortion in TIG welded stainless steel 202 sheets. The study investigated the effects of welding current, welding speed, and torch angle on angular distortion. Experiments were conducted according to a central composite design and used to develop a regression model relating the input parameters to angular distortion. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found the model to be significant and adequate. The developed model can predict angular distortion within the range of input parameters and help minimize distortion in automated welding applications. Graphs show relationships between each input parameter and angular distortion.
Finite Element Analysis of Single Point Cutting ToolIRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of a single point cutting tool. Experimental measurements were taken of the temperature at the tool tip during machining operations at different cutting speeds and depths of cut. The tool-work thermocouple technique was used to measure the temperature. Finite element modeling and analysis was performed on a single point cutting tool modeled in CATIA and analyzed in ANSYS. Both analytical calculations and finite element analysis were used to determine stresses on the cutting tool. The results found that temperature and stresses at the tool tip increased with increasing cutting speed and depth of cut. Stresses from finite element analysis matched closely with those calculated analytically.
Experimental Investigation for Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy Al 60...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum alloy Al 6061 joints considering different friction stir welding parameters. Specifically, it examines the effects of tool shape (taper or threaded), welding speed, and feed rate on the tensile strength, impact toughness, and microhardness of the welded joints. Experiments were conducted according to a Taguchi L8 orthogonal array design of experiments. Results indicated that welding speed had the greatest influence on tensile strength, feed rate most influenced impact toughness and microhardness, and the optimal parameters were a taper tool, 600 RPM welding speed, and 40 mm/min feed rate. These parameters produced joints with maximum mechanical property strengths.
This document summarizes a study on the tensile behavior of aluminum plates welded using friction stir welding. Various welding parameters like rotational speed, welding speed, and pin diameter were experimented with to weld an aluminum alloy. Mathematical models were developed using a statistical design of experiments approach to understand the effects of the parameters on tensile strength. It was found that tensile strength decreases with increasing rotational speed, increases with increasing welding speed, and decreases with increasing pin diameter. The maximum tensile strength was achieved at low rotational speed and high welding speed. Regression models for tensile strength were developed and validated to be adequate predictors within 95% confidence level.
Various Parameter Effects on Friction Stir Welding- A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews the effects of various parameters on friction stir welding. It summarizes research that has studied how welding parameters like rotational speed, travel speed, tool geometry, and plunge depth impact the quality of friction stir welds. The document also reviews studies on double-sided friction stir welding and how parameters like shoulder diameter and plunge depth influence mechanical properties of the welded joints. Overall, the review examines how process parameters can be optimized in friction stir welding to produce welds without defects and with improved mechanical properties.
SolidCAM iMachining technology positive effects on cutting tool life during m...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the effects of using SolidCAM iMachining technology on tool wear during machining of stainless steel AISI 304. Key findings include:
1) Tool life was increased significantly, with a tool expected to last 200-300 minutes instead lasting around 1000 minutes with minimal dimensional changes in the workpiece.
2) Dimensions of machined parts were measured after machining sets of 20 pieces and found to remain within tolerance limits.
3) Tool wear analysis found some initial chipping but the engaged cutting edge showed no significant wear features, attributed to use of an appropriate AlTiN+ coating.
TENSILE BEHAVIOUR OF ALUMINIUM PLATES (5083) WELDED BY FRICTION STIR WELDING IAEME Publication
Using arc welding, gas welding and other welding process, it is very difficult to weld the aluminum alloys. Friction stir welding, on the other hand, can be used to join most Al alloys and
better surface finishing is achieved. Although the work piece does heat up during friction stir weld, the temperature does not reach the melting point.
Studies on Machining Parameters of Hot Machining Process using Aisi4140 MaterialIRJET Journal
This document describes a study on optimizing machining parameters for hot machining of AISI 4140 material. The study uses Taguchi design of experiments to analyze the effects of speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and temperature on surface roughness and material removal rate. An L9 orthogonal array experiment is conducted with the four parameters each at three levels (low, medium, high). The results show that feed rate has the strongest effect on surface roughness, followed by depth of cut. Cutting speed has an insignificant effect. The interaction of feed rate and depth of cut is also significant due to surface hardening of the material. Minitab software is used to analyze the experimental data through signal-to-noise ratios and
EFFECT OF TiO2 NANOPARTICLES ON FRICTION STIR WELDED JOINTS OF AA8011 ALUMINI...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study investigating the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on friction stir welded joints of AA8011 aluminum alloy. AA8011 aluminum alloy plates were friction stir welded with TiO2 nanoparticles added to the weld groove before welding. Various welding parameters were varied to evaluate their effect on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded joints. Tensile tests, impact tests, and microhardness tests were performed on the welded joints and results were compared to published data. The maximum tensile strength and impact value obtained were 52.98 MPa and 5.0 joules, respectively, at a rotational speed of 1400 RPM and welding speed of 25mm/min.
Optimization of resistance spot welding process parameters of AISI 304l and A...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research that optimized resistance spot welding process parameters for joining AISI 304L stainless steel and AISI 1020 carbon steel. The researchers investigated the effects of welding current, pressure, weld time, and hold time on tensile strength and nugget diameter using Taguchi methods. Analysis of variance found that welding current had the strongest influence on response variables. Optimization revealed that maximum tensile strength and minimum nugget diameter were achieved with a current of 10kA, pressure of 4 bars, weld time of 10 cycles, and hold time of 25 cycles. In conclusion, welding current was the most significant factor affecting joint quality.
IRJET - Characteristics of Butt Joint Produced by Friction Stir Welding ProcessIRJET Journal
The document discusses characteristics of butt joints produced using friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys. It investigates the effects of various FSW process parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded joints. Specifically, it examines rotational speed, transverse speed, and tool geometry. Joints of aluminum alloy AA5083 were welded and tested in tension, hardness, impact, and corrosion to analyze properties. The results showed that process parameters significantly affected the weld strength and microstructure. Defect-free joints with optimal mechanical properties could be produced using appropriate FSW conditions.
The document summarizes research on predicting heat flow in friction stir welded aluminum alloy 1100. Experiments were conducted using a full factorial design to study the effects of tool rotational speed, weld speed, and tool pin diameter on temperature at the weld nugget and heat affected zone. Mathematical models were developed using regression analysis and checked for adequacy. An artificial neural network model was also developed and results compared to experimental values and the regression model. Microstructural analysis was performed to study effects of process variables on microstructure.
IRJET- Improving the Performance of M42 Twist Drill ToolIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experiment to optimize the heat treatment process and improve the performance of M42 twist drill tools. The experiment tested different materials, heat treatment cycles, spindle speeds, and point angles. Testing found that M42 material exhibited the lowest wear and temperature, making it the best material. Further testing determined that a point angle of 118 degrees and spindle speed of 750 RPM provided the best performance. In total, the experiment aimed to optimize the drill tool design and heat treatment process to improve tool life, hardness, and reduce costs.
Joining of Al(6061-T6) and Brass(IS319) by using EN19 Circular Profile Tool t...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on joining aluminum alloy Al6061-T6 and brass alloy IS319 through friction stir spot welding (FSSW) using an EN19 circular profile tool. Key findings include:
- FSSW was used to join Al6061-T6 to IS319 specimens and IS319 to Al6061-T6 specimens in lap joint configuration. The IS319 to Al6061-T6 joint showed better results.
- Process parameters like rotational speed of 900 RPM, feed rate of 38mm/min, and depth of cut of 3.5mm were used.
- Chemical compositions, mechanical properties, and microstructures of the aluminum, brass, and EN19 steel tool
This document discusses an experimental study that evaluated the electro-mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum/copper bimetallic lap joints. Aluminum and copper plates were joined using friction stir welding and their mechanical and electrical properties were tested by varying parameters like rotational speed, welding speed, and tool tilting angle. Eight experiments were conducted according to a design matrix and the resulting joints were tested for tensile shear strength. The maximum tensile shear strength obtained was 70 MPa. Hardness was found to be uniform throughout the joints and electrical resistance was negligible under manufacturing conditions.
IRJET-Optimization of Machining Parameters Affecting Metal Removal Rate of Al...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing machining parameters to increase the metal removal rate in dry end milling of aluminum alloy 6082. The machining parameters investigated are spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Experiments were performed using a Taguchi design of experiments with the parameters tested at three levels. The experimental data was analyzed using Minitab software to identify the most significant factor affecting metal removal rate. The goal is to determine the optimal settings of the machining parameters to maximize productivity during end milling of aluminum alloy 6082.
IRJET - Mechanical and Wear Properties of Friction Stir Welding of Alumin...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on friction stir welding of aluminum alloys. It discusses how friction stir welding was used to join aluminum alloy plates using varying process parameters like rotational speed and transverse speed. Mechanical properties of the welded joints like tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength were evaluated. Microstructure of the joints was analyzed with microscopes. Wear properties were also assessed. The optimal welding parameters were determined to be a tapered cylindrical tool at 560 rpm, which produced joints with the highest tensile strength and lowest defects.
IRJET- Selection for Better and Increased Tool Life by the Use of HSS Cutting...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the optimal cutting parameters for maximum tool life when machining mild steel and aluminum with HSS cutting tools under dry conditions. Experiments were conducted using different spindle speeds, cutting speeds, and feed rates to determine their effects on depth of cut and tool life. Results showed that higher spindle speeds and feeds decreased tool life for both materials. Mild steel provided longer tool life than aluminum. The study aimed to identify cutting conditions for improved tool life by selecting appropriate workpiece and cutting tool materials along with suitable feed rates and lower cutting speeds.
Review on Effect of Process Parameters - Friction Stir Welding ProcessIRJET Journal
This document reviews the effect of process parameters, specifically tool rotation speed and welding speed, on the properties of friction stir welded joints. It summarizes findings from previous studies that have investigated how these parameters influence tensile strength, microstructure, and microhardness of welded aluminum alloys. The key findings are that increasing tool rotation speed generally leads to higher heat input which can improve tensile strength and ductility up to a point, but also promotes grain growth. Faster welding speeds decrease heat input and grain size. Overall, an optimal combination of tool rotation and welding speeds is needed to achieve desirable mechanical properties and microstructure in friction stir welded joints.
Experimental Analysis to Optimize parameters of Friction Stir Welding of Alum...IJSRD
This document summarizes research on optimizing parameters for friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys. It first provides background on FSW and discusses how parameters like tool rotation speed, tilt angle, and travel speed affect weld strength. The document then reviews several other studies investigating these parameters. One study found that a tool rotation speed of 900 rpm, travel speed of 75 mm/min, and axial force of 3 kN produced the highest tensile strength for an aluminum alloy. Another identified tilt angle as the most influential parameter for weld strength. Finally, the document describes using the Taguchi method to optimize FSW parameters for aluminum alloy, identifying tilt angle as most significant. It concludes that tool rotation speed, travel
Optimisation of Process parameter for Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium allo...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates the tensile properties of friction stir welding (FSW) butt joints of aluminum alloys. Three process parameters - spindle speed, welding speed, and plunge depth - were optimized using Taguchi design of experiments. Aluminum alloy 1100 plates were welded using a cylindrical pin tool. Tensile tests were conducted and analyzed using signal-to-noise ratios to determine the optimal parameter levels that yielded maximum tensile strength. The results found that axial force was the most influential parameter, followed by spindle speed and welding speed. The optimum combination was a spindle speed of 1100 rpm, welding speed of 75mm/min, and axial force of 126.09.
IRJET- Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium AlloysIRJET Journal
The document discusses friction stir welding (FSW) as a process for joining aluminum alloys without melting. It describes how FSW works, the experimental setup used to weld different aluminum alloys, and results showing the welded alloys had improved mechanical properties like hardness and tensile strength compared to the original materials or traditional welding techniques. The conclusion is that FSW is an effective and environmentally friendly way to join difficult-to-weld materials like aluminum alloys.
Similar to IRJET- Design and Analysis of Friction Stir Welding using Dissimilar Alloys (AA 6061 and AA 6082) Aluminum Alloys (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.