This document discusses the design of an improved raisin sorting machine. It aims to address limitations of current machines, which have a low sorting capacity of 2 tonnes/hour, improper cleaning, and failure of connecting rods that guide vibratory sieves due to fluctuating loads. The document provides background on raisin production worldwide and in India. It then reviews literature on raisin quality criteria, vibrating feeder design, and automated sorting systems. The proposed new design aims to improve sorting capacity, cleaning, and durability of components like connecting rods.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Coconut Deshelling MachineIRJET Journal
The document reviews several designs for coconut de-shelling machines. It summarizes 7 different designs:
1. A machine with two cutters mounted on a shared shaft with gear drive that can de-shell 300 coconuts per hour.
2. A power-operated machine that can de-shell 200 nuts or 400 cups per batch in 4 minutes, 4 times faster than manual methods.
3. A semi-automatic young coconut cutting machine that can cut 480 fruits per hour at a cost of $2.63 per 1000 fruits.
4. A motorized groundnut sheller that can shell 78% of nuts and has a throughput of 345.4kg per hour.
IRJET-Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Agro SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multipurpose agricultural robot. The robot is intended to perform operations like automatic seeding and digging. It uses a microcontroller to wirelessly control operations. Sensors are also included to monitor soil moisture. The robot aims to reduce labor costs and improve crop yields. It was created by a group of five students and their professor to develop an affordable solution that can perform multiple agricultural functions automatically.
Review Paper on Semi Automatic Chips MachineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and development of a semi-automatic potato chips machine. The machine uses a slicing wheel with sharp blades powered by a 1/12 HP electric motor to cut potatoes into uniform 2mm thick slices at a rate of 60kg per hour. Potatoes are fed into two cylinders and drop onto the rotating slicing wheel to be cut. The key components are the slicing wheel, V-belt power transmission system, cylinders, and electric motor. The design aims to provide a low-cost, simple machine for small-scale potato chip production.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of CocobotIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a coconut harvesting robot called COCOBOT. COCOBOT uses two main mechanisms: 1) a climbing mechanism that allows it to climb coconut trees using a rectangular chassis with motorized wheels and springs for grip, and 2) a harvesting mechanism consisting of a three-degree-of-freedom robotic arm with a four-jawed gripper controlled by a wireless camera to harvest mature coconuts. The entire robot is controlled remotely from the ground using a control unit and remote control. The robot was designed to address the challenges of conventional coconut harvesting which requires skilled climbers to scale tall trees by hand.
This document summarizes a research paper on the design and advantages of a multi-seed sowing machine. It begins by discussing how traditional sowing methods are labor intensive and inconsistent. It then describes the key parts of the proposed machine, which includes a wheel and pulley system to power seed dispersal, a gear arrangement to control seed spacing, discs with holes to release seeds, and adjustable furrows. The machine is designed to efficiently plant multiple crop seeds simultaneously while controlling row spacing, seed spacing, and fertilizer placement. It reduces labor needs and costs compared to traditional sowing methods. In conclusion, the machine provides improvements in seed and fertilizer utilization with minimal loss.
Fabrication of Multi-Purpose Variable Length Plucking/Cutting MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose variable length plucking/cutting machine. The machine consists of multiple hollow cylinders that slide inside one another via a pulley system powered by an electric motor, allowing the device to extend to different heights. A high speed motor powers a multi-point cutting tool mounted on the top cylinder to cut branches or pluck coconuts from trees. The machine is mounted on a wheeled framework for portability between trees. It aims to provide a safer and more efficient alternative to manually climbing trees and harvesting crops.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology about developing an advanced autonomous agricultural system. The system involves a robotic vehicle with four wheels and sensors that can cultivate farmland automatically by considering specific rows and columns at a fixed distance depending on the crop. The vehicle uses infrared sensors to detect obstacles and determine when it has reached the end of a row. A microcontroller interfaces with the sensors and motors to control the vehicle's movement and an automated seeding mechanism. The goal is to create a precise, energy-efficient system to reduce labor needs for agricultural processes like plowing, seeding, and weeding.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Cocoa Pod Splitting and Bean Extraction ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a cocoa pod splitting and bean extraction machine. It aims to simplify the process of removing beans from cocoa pods, which is currently done manually requiring significant human labor. The machine was designed to be operated manually, constructed from locally available materials to keep costs low, and easy to assemble/disassemble so it can be shared among farmers. Components of the machine like the frame, bearing, spring, and cutting/extracting tools are modeled. The working mechanism involves placing the cocoa pod in a holder, using the handle to cut open the pod with a knife, then pressing the handle to push a tool that extracts the beans. The design of a spring used in the machine is also detailed. The
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Coconut Deshelling MachineIRJET Journal
The document reviews several designs for coconut de-shelling machines. It summarizes 7 different designs:
1. A machine with two cutters mounted on a shared shaft with gear drive that can de-shell 300 coconuts per hour.
2. A power-operated machine that can de-shell 200 nuts or 400 cups per batch in 4 minutes, 4 times faster than manual methods.
3. A semi-automatic young coconut cutting machine that can cut 480 fruits per hour at a cost of $2.63 per 1000 fruits.
4. A motorized groundnut sheller that can shell 78% of nuts and has a throughput of 345.4kg per hour.
IRJET-Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Agro SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multipurpose agricultural robot. The robot is intended to perform operations like automatic seeding and digging. It uses a microcontroller to wirelessly control operations. Sensors are also included to monitor soil moisture. The robot aims to reduce labor costs and improve crop yields. It was created by a group of five students and their professor to develop an affordable solution that can perform multiple agricultural functions automatically.
Review Paper on Semi Automatic Chips MachineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and development of a semi-automatic potato chips machine. The machine uses a slicing wheel with sharp blades powered by a 1/12 HP electric motor to cut potatoes into uniform 2mm thick slices at a rate of 60kg per hour. Potatoes are fed into two cylinders and drop onto the rotating slicing wheel to be cut. The key components are the slicing wheel, V-belt power transmission system, cylinders, and electric motor. The design aims to provide a low-cost, simple machine for small-scale potato chip production.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of CocobotIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a coconut harvesting robot called COCOBOT. COCOBOT uses two main mechanisms: 1) a climbing mechanism that allows it to climb coconut trees using a rectangular chassis with motorized wheels and springs for grip, and 2) a harvesting mechanism consisting of a three-degree-of-freedom robotic arm with a four-jawed gripper controlled by a wireless camera to harvest mature coconuts. The entire robot is controlled remotely from the ground using a control unit and remote control. The robot was designed to address the challenges of conventional coconut harvesting which requires skilled climbers to scale tall trees by hand.
This document summarizes a research paper on the design and advantages of a multi-seed sowing machine. It begins by discussing how traditional sowing methods are labor intensive and inconsistent. It then describes the key parts of the proposed machine, which includes a wheel and pulley system to power seed dispersal, a gear arrangement to control seed spacing, discs with holes to release seeds, and adjustable furrows. The machine is designed to efficiently plant multiple crop seeds simultaneously while controlling row spacing, seed spacing, and fertilizer placement. It reduces labor needs and costs compared to traditional sowing methods. In conclusion, the machine provides improvements in seed and fertilizer utilization with minimal loss.
Fabrication of Multi-Purpose Variable Length Plucking/Cutting MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose variable length plucking/cutting machine. The machine consists of multiple hollow cylinders that slide inside one another via a pulley system powered by an electric motor, allowing the device to extend to different heights. A high speed motor powers a multi-point cutting tool mounted on the top cylinder to cut branches or pluck coconuts from trees. The machine is mounted on a wheeled framework for portability between trees. It aims to provide a safer and more efficient alternative to manually climbing trees and harvesting crops.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology about developing an advanced autonomous agricultural system. The system involves a robotic vehicle with four wheels and sensors that can cultivate farmland automatically by considering specific rows and columns at a fixed distance depending on the crop. The vehicle uses infrared sensors to detect obstacles and determine when it has reached the end of a row. A microcontroller interfaces with the sensors and motors to control the vehicle's movement and an automated seeding mechanism. The goal is to create a precise, energy-efficient system to reduce labor needs for agricultural processes like plowing, seeding, and weeding.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Cocoa Pod Splitting and Bean Extraction ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a cocoa pod splitting and bean extraction machine. It aims to simplify the process of removing beans from cocoa pods, which is currently done manually requiring significant human labor. The machine was designed to be operated manually, constructed from locally available materials to keep costs low, and easy to assemble/disassemble so it can be shared among farmers. Components of the machine like the frame, bearing, spring, and cutting/extracting tools are modeled. The working mechanism involves placing the cocoa pod in a holder, using the handle to cut open the pod with a knife, then pressing the handle to push a tool that extracts the beans. The design of a spring used in the machine is also detailed. The
This document describes an automatic seed sowing robot developed by students at SVERI's College of Engineering in India. The robot uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller to control DC motors powered by a 12V battery that drive wheels and move the robot. An IR sensor detects any obstacles in front of the robot. A rotating seed drum dispenses seeds that fall through a bucket system to be planted at the desired depth. The robot aims to reduce human labor and increase efficiency in the seed planting process compared to manual methods. It is expected to smoothly sow seeds in rows without waste by detecting obstacles and signaling when planting is complete.
A Review on Sugarcane Harvesting and Thresher MachineriesIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of sugarcane harvesting and threshing machinery. It discusses the importance of sugarcane production in India and the need for efficient harvesting machines due to labor shortages. The paper reviews an existing small-scale sugarcane harvester and threshing mechanism. Modifications were made to address issues identified during testing, such as reducing leaves extracted with the sugarcane. The updated harvester and thresher design aims to increase productivity, reduce labor costs, and make the harvesting process more efficient overall.
The document describes the design and evaluation of a corn sheller machine. It discusses how existing corn de-husking methods are not effective for small Indian farmers. The designed machine uses a DC motor to rotate sharp cutting blades that remove corn kernels from cobs as they are fed through. An evaluation of the machine found it was able to shell 20kg of corn in under 3 minutes with a threshing efficiency of 78.93% and separation efficiency of 56.06%. The machine was concluded to satisfactorily shell corn and could process about 1 tonne per 9 hour shift, providing an innovative solution for efficient corn processing by small Indian farmers.
IRJET- Design and Development of Rice Transplanting MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and development of a rice transplanting machine. It aims to address the labor-intensive nature of rice transplantation which is typically done manually. The machine was designed to reduce labor costs for small-scale farmers and increase transplanting efficiency. It utilizes a ground wheel, sprockets, chains, planting mechanism and adjustable handle to transplant rice seedlings. The machine is intended to transplant rice in a 2-row configuration and can transplant up to 2-3 acres of land, requiring less labor than traditional manual methods. Validation testing found that the machine can reduce transplanting time by 3-4 hours compared to 30 manual laborers and requires less skilled operation.
IRJET- Fabrication of Tea Leaf Grinning MachineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the fabrication of a tea leaf grinding machine designed to help small tea growers. It discusses how small tea growers currently depend on large factories due to the high costs of setting up their own processing facilities. The proposed machine uses a conveyor belt, hopper, orthodox roller, and heated drum to grind and dry tea leaves. It is intended to provide a lower-cost alternative for small growers to process tea leaves into dust on their own farms. The document describes the design process, including literature review, problem identification, methodology, feasibility analysis, and CAD modeling to develop the machine. It concludes the tea leaf grinding machine meets the goal of aiding small tea growers in an affordable manner.
IRJET- Automatic Farming Robot for Smart and Effective CultivationIRJET Journal
1. The document describes an automatic farming robot designed to perform agricultural tasks like sowing seeds, watering plants, and removing weeds autonomously.
2. The robot uses a Cartesian coordinate system with a gantry that moves along the x-axis and a cross-slide that moves along the y-axis to position different farming tools mounted on a universal tool mount.
3. The farming tools include a seeder, seed injector, watering nozzle, and soil moisture sensor that can be automatically switched to perform various tasks under microcontroller control from a mobile phone app.
Assessment of pedal operated maize thresher for rural dwellersiaemedu
The document summarizes the development and assessment of a pedal-operated maize thresher designed for rural farmers. It discusses traditional maize threshing methods, the design of the improved thresher including its threshing unit and chain/sprocket drive system, and how the thresher was tested. The thresher was found to be able to shell 81.03kg/hour of maize compared to only 25.00kg/hour using traditional hand methods, with a threshing efficiency of 86.6%.
Design, development and fabrication of a low cost corn deseeding machineeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Automatic Seed Drill for Finger Millet based Intercropping SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of an automatic seed drill for finger millet-based intercropping systems. The seed drill was designed to precisely sow finger millet and pigeon pea seeds with uniform depth and spacing. It has separate seed boxes and gears to dispense each type of seed. As the ground wheel rotates, it turns gears that pick seeds from the boxes and drop them through pipes into furrows opened by attached blades. The seed drill aims to assist small farmers by reducing labor and improving sowing efficiency and crop yields compared to manual methods.
Review Paper on Solar Power Operated Sugarcane Harvesting MachineIRJET Journal
This document presents a review paper on a solar-powered sugarcane harvesting machine designed by students in India. It discusses the design and components of the machine, which includes a brushless DC motor powered by batteries charged via solar panels to drive cutting blades. The machine aims to reduce labor needs for sugarcane harvesting. It reviews previous research on sugarcane harvesting and properties to inform the design. The components of the machine include the motor, solar panels, batteries, bevel gears, belt drive, and steel saw cutters. It is presented as a low-cost and eco-friendly alternative to manual harvesting that can benefit small-scale farmers.
Study of Multiple Seed Planting MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a manually operated multiple seed planting machine. It aims to reduce labor costs and make the seed planting process easier. The machine is designed to simultaneously dig holes in the soil, place seeds at uniform distances, and cover the seeds - replacing traditional manual seeding. It uses gear ratios and sprockets to space seeds accurately. Adjustable handles and bars allow for different operator heights. Researchers conclude it reduces the time and labor needed for cotton seed planting by over 80% compared to manual methods. The machine has potential to be improved further to reduce costs and perform additional tasks like fertilizing or spraying.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Mutipurpose Manually Operated System for Agr...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and fabrication of a manually operated, multipurpose system for agricultural purposes. The system was designed to address issues with traditional farming methods in India, which are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and cannot meet growing demands. The new system can simultaneously sow seeds and fertilizer at uniform depths and distances, improving efficiency. It is intended to be affordable and suitable for small-scale farmers. The document reviews different existing farm machines and identifies limitations before detailing the design of the new system, which includes components like a chain and sprocket mechanism to control seed spacing. Testing showed the new system can satisfactorily meet farmer needs with improved performance over traditional methods.
Rural Transformation through Farm Mechanization: Custom Hiring of Combined Ha...ICRISAT
The document analyzes the use of custom hiring of combined harvesters by smallholder farmers in Madhya Pradesh, India. It finds that the practice has led to increased farm mechanization, profitability, and efficiency by allowing farmers to intensify crops like soybean and wheat without being hindered by high machinery costs. A case study shows that hiring a combined harvester saves farmers time and labor while increasing yields, though it also results in some grain and straw losses. The widespread adoption of combined harvesters has been facilitated by changes in rural labor markets, government subsidies, and custom hiring services that make the machinery accessible to small farms.
“Design and Fabrication of Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator Machine”IJMERJOURNAL
1) The document describes the design and fabrication of a pedal-operated groundnut decorticator machine. It aims to provide small farmers a low-cost option for shelling groundnuts compared to manual methods.
2) The machine uses a quick return mechanism with a rubber pad fitted to a shaft to gently crush and shell groundnuts. In trials, it achieved an output of 49 kg/hour, higher than manual methods.
3) Analysis found the machine achieved 59.1% decortication efficiency and 9.29% mechanical damage to kernels, demonstrating it is an effective and higher output alternative to hand shelling for small farmers.
This document describes the design and development of a rice seed separation machine. The machine was designed to efficiently separate rice seeds from foreign materials like stones, straw, and other seed varieties. It uses mesh screens of different sizes to separate materials by size. Rice is fed onto an upper mesh which separates the seeds, while a fan blows away lighter waste materials. Clean rice seeds are then separated on a lower mesh. The machine aims to provide farmers an affordable alternative to manual separation methods, reducing time, effort and costs while increasing seed purity levels up to 95%. It has potential future improvements like powering mechanisms to reduce human effort and improving material removal.
This document summarizes a student presentation on an automatic seed sowing robot. The robot was designed to reduce human labor and increase crop yields in farming. It uses a battery-powered motor and chain drive system to sow seeds automatically as it moves. The main components include a battery, seed storage tank, seed sowing disc, and wheels. The objectives were to create an affordable, easy-to-use robot for Indian farmers to simplify the seed sowing process. It was designed using inexpensive, locally available materials to keep costs low.
Design and Fabrication of Seed Sowing MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a manually-operated seed sowing machine. The machine aims to reduce farmers' efforts during planting and increase efficiency. It can plant different seed types and sizes, and vary the spacing between seeds. The machine is made from inexpensive raw materials. It has a simple design for easy use by unskilled farmers. Key components include a seed storage tank, seed sowing disc, seed bucket, and structural frame connected to battery-powered wheels. The disc meters seeds such that one seed is dropped for each wheel rotation. The machine allows uniform planting depth and spacing, improving germination rates and yields. It saves time over manual sowing and reduces labor requirements.
IRJET- Smart System for Sorting Defective Parts and Distribution Line using PLCIRJET Journal
The document describes a smart system for sorting defective parts using a programmable logic controller (PLC). Reed switches are used as sensors to detect objects on conveyor belts and send signals to the PLC. Based on object height, the PLC controls DC motors to rotate belts and a pusher arm to sort objects into bins. This automated system reduces manual labor, increases sorting accuracy, and improves production efficiency compared to existing solutions. It is intended for use in small-scale industries to provide a low-cost sorting solution.
This document summarizes an article about developing an advanced agricultural robot system. Key points:
1) The system includes a robotic vehicle with four wheels controlled by DC motors and a microcontroller. Infrared sensors are used for obstacle detection.
2) The vehicle is designed to autonomously cultivate crops by considering specific rows and columns at a fixed distance depending on the crop type.
3) Experimental results show the vehicle's speed depends on soil moisture levels, and simulations demonstrate the use of feedback control to reduce sensitivity of motor speed to load variations.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Seed Sowing MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a manually operated seed sowing machine. It aims to address issues with traditional sowing methods, which are costly and labor-intensive for small farmers. The machine was designed to uniformly place seeds in rows at a controlled depth and spacing. Key components include a hopper, frame, furrow opener, and seed tube. Design calculations were performed to analyze forces on components. The machine offers advantages like reduced costs, labor needs, and improved plant germination compared to traditional sowing methods.
Novel Approach for Automatic Seed Sowing MachineIRJET Journal
This document presents a novel approach for an automatic seed sowing machine. It aims to integrate automation into the agriculture sector to reduce human effort and time taken for manual seed sowing. The proposed system uses mechanisms for selecting different seed types and an IR sensor for obstacle detection. It was tested in fields and showed reliability. The system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller and relays to control DC motors based on the seed type selected by the user. It aims to offer farmers an affordable and effective automatic seed sowing alternative to traditional manual methods.
1. This document describes a coconut dehusking machine designed to remove the husk from coconuts more efficiently than traditional manual methods.
2. The machine uses two rotating shafts with spikes that peel the husk off as the coconut passes between them. It is powered by a single-phase motor for lower costs than other motor types.
3. The goal is to speed up processing time and reduce labor needs for businesses that peel coconuts commercially. Introducing the affordable machine could help farmers and help address the lack of skilled labor for manual dehusking.
This document describes an automatic seed sowing robot developed by students at SVERI's College of Engineering in India. The robot uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller to control DC motors powered by a 12V battery that drive wheels and move the robot. An IR sensor detects any obstacles in front of the robot. A rotating seed drum dispenses seeds that fall through a bucket system to be planted at the desired depth. The robot aims to reduce human labor and increase efficiency in the seed planting process compared to manual methods. It is expected to smoothly sow seeds in rows without waste by detecting obstacles and signaling when planting is complete.
A Review on Sugarcane Harvesting and Thresher MachineriesIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of sugarcane harvesting and threshing machinery. It discusses the importance of sugarcane production in India and the need for efficient harvesting machines due to labor shortages. The paper reviews an existing small-scale sugarcane harvester and threshing mechanism. Modifications were made to address issues identified during testing, such as reducing leaves extracted with the sugarcane. The updated harvester and thresher design aims to increase productivity, reduce labor costs, and make the harvesting process more efficient overall.
The document describes the design and evaluation of a corn sheller machine. It discusses how existing corn de-husking methods are not effective for small Indian farmers. The designed machine uses a DC motor to rotate sharp cutting blades that remove corn kernels from cobs as they are fed through. An evaluation of the machine found it was able to shell 20kg of corn in under 3 minutes with a threshing efficiency of 78.93% and separation efficiency of 56.06%. The machine was concluded to satisfactorily shell corn and could process about 1 tonne per 9 hour shift, providing an innovative solution for efficient corn processing by small Indian farmers.
IRJET- Design and Development of Rice Transplanting MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and development of a rice transplanting machine. It aims to address the labor-intensive nature of rice transplantation which is typically done manually. The machine was designed to reduce labor costs for small-scale farmers and increase transplanting efficiency. It utilizes a ground wheel, sprockets, chains, planting mechanism and adjustable handle to transplant rice seedlings. The machine is intended to transplant rice in a 2-row configuration and can transplant up to 2-3 acres of land, requiring less labor than traditional manual methods. Validation testing found that the machine can reduce transplanting time by 3-4 hours compared to 30 manual laborers and requires less skilled operation.
IRJET- Fabrication of Tea Leaf Grinning MachineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the fabrication of a tea leaf grinding machine designed to help small tea growers. It discusses how small tea growers currently depend on large factories due to the high costs of setting up their own processing facilities. The proposed machine uses a conveyor belt, hopper, orthodox roller, and heated drum to grind and dry tea leaves. It is intended to provide a lower-cost alternative for small growers to process tea leaves into dust on their own farms. The document describes the design process, including literature review, problem identification, methodology, feasibility analysis, and CAD modeling to develop the machine. It concludes the tea leaf grinding machine meets the goal of aiding small tea growers in an affordable manner.
IRJET- Automatic Farming Robot for Smart and Effective CultivationIRJET Journal
1. The document describes an automatic farming robot designed to perform agricultural tasks like sowing seeds, watering plants, and removing weeds autonomously.
2. The robot uses a Cartesian coordinate system with a gantry that moves along the x-axis and a cross-slide that moves along the y-axis to position different farming tools mounted on a universal tool mount.
3. The farming tools include a seeder, seed injector, watering nozzle, and soil moisture sensor that can be automatically switched to perform various tasks under microcontroller control from a mobile phone app.
Assessment of pedal operated maize thresher for rural dwellersiaemedu
The document summarizes the development and assessment of a pedal-operated maize thresher designed for rural farmers. It discusses traditional maize threshing methods, the design of the improved thresher including its threshing unit and chain/sprocket drive system, and how the thresher was tested. The thresher was found to be able to shell 81.03kg/hour of maize compared to only 25.00kg/hour using traditional hand methods, with a threshing efficiency of 86.6%.
Design, development and fabrication of a low cost corn deseeding machineeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Automatic Seed Drill for Finger Millet based Intercropping SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of an automatic seed drill for finger millet-based intercropping systems. The seed drill was designed to precisely sow finger millet and pigeon pea seeds with uniform depth and spacing. It has separate seed boxes and gears to dispense each type of seed. As the ground wheel rotates, it turns gears that pick seeds from the boxes and drop them through pipes into furrows opened by attached blades. The seed drill aims to assist small farmers by reducing labor and improving sowing efficiency and crop yields compared to manual methods.
Review Paper on Solar Power Operated Sugarcane Harvesting MachineIRJET Journal
This document presents a review paper on a solar-powered sugarcane harvesting machine designed by students in India. It discusses the design and components of the machine, which includes a brushless DC motor powered by batteries charged via solar panels to drive cutting blades. The machine aims to reduce labor needs for sugarcane harvesting. It reviews previous research on sugarcane harvesting and properties to inform the design. The components of the machine include the motor, solar panels, batteries, bevel gears, belt drive, and steel saw cutters. It is presented as a low-cost and eco-friendly alternative to manual harvesting that can benefit small-scale farmers.
Study of Multiple Seed Planting MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a manually operated multiple seed planting machine. It aims to reduce labor costs and make the seed planting process easier. The machine is designed to simultaneously dig holes in the soil, place seeds at uniform distances, and cover the seeds - replacing traditional manual seeding. It uses gear ratios and sprockets to space seeds accurately. Adjustable handles and bars allow for different operator heights. Researchers conclude it reduces the time and labor needed for cotton seed planting by over 80% compared to manual methods. The machine has potential to be improved further to reduce costs and perform additional tasks like fertilizing or spraying.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Mutipurpose Manually Operated System for Agr...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and fabrication of a manually operated, multipurpose system for agricultural purposes. The system was designed to address issues with traditional farming methods in India, which are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and cannot meet growing demands. The new system can simultaneously sow seeds and fertilizer at uniform depths and distances, improving efficiency. It is intended to be affordable and suitable for small-scale farmers. The document reviews different existing farm machines and identifies limitations before detailing the design of the new system, which includes components like a chain and sprocket mechanism to control seed spacing. Testing showed the new system can satisfactorily meet farmer needs with improved performance over traditional methods.
Rural Transformation through Farm Mechanization: Custom Hiring of Combined Ha...ICRISAT
The document analyzes the use of custom hiring of combined harvesters by smallholder farmers in Madhya Pradesh, India. It finds that the practice has led to increased farm mechanization, profitability, and efficiency by allowing farmers to intensify crops like soybean and wheat without being hindered by high machinery costs. A case study shows that hiring a combined harvester saves farmers time and labor while increasing yields, though it also results in some grain and straw losses. The widespread adoption of combined harvesters has been facilitated by changes in rural labor markets, government subsidies, and custom hiring services that make the machinery accessible to small farms.
“Design and Fabrication of Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator Machine”IJMERJOURNAL
1) The document describes the design and fabrication of a pedal-operated groundnut decorticator machine. It aims to provide small farmers a low-cost option for shelling groundnuts compared to manual methods.
2) The machine uses a quick return mechanism with a rubber pad fitted to a shaft to gently crush and shell groundnuts. In trials, it achieved an output of 49 kg/hour, higher than manual methods.
3) Analysis found the machine achieved 59.1% decortication efficiency and 9.29% mechanical damage to kernels, demonstrating it is an effective and higher output alternative to hand shelling for small farmers.
This document describes the design and development of a rice seed separation machine. The machine was designed to efficiently separate rice seeds from foreign materials like stones, straw, and other seed varieties. It uses mesh screens of different sizes to separate materials by size. Rice is fed onto an upper mesh which separates the seeds, while a fan blows away lighter waste materials. Clean rice seeds are then separated on a lower mesh. The machine aims to provide farmers an affordable alternative to manual separation methods, reducing time, effort and costs while increasing seed purity levels up to 95%. It has potential future improvements like powering mechanisms to reduce human effort and improving material removal.
This document summarizes a student presentation on an automatic seed sowing robot. The robot was designed to reduce human labor and increase crop yields in farming. It uses a battery-powered motor and chain drive system to sow seeds automatically as it moves. The main components include a battery, seed storage tank, seed sowing disc, and wheels. The objectives were to create an affordable, easy-to-use robot for Indian farmers to simplify the seed sowing process. It was designed using inexpensive, locally available materials to keep costs low.
Design and Fabrication of Seed Sowing MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a manually-operated seed sowing machine. The machine aims to reduce farmers' efforts during planting and increase efficiency. It can plant different seed types and sizes, and vary the spacing between seeds. The machine is made from inexpensive raw materials. It has a simple design for easy use by unskilled farmers. Key components include a seed storage tank, seed sowing disc, seed bucket, and structural frame connected to battery-powered wheels. The disc meters seeds such that one seed is dropped for each wheel rotation. The machine allows uniform planting depth and spacing, improving germination rates and yields. It saves time over manual sowing and reduces labor requirements.
IRJET- Smart System for Sorting Defective Parts and Distribution Line using PLCIRJET Journal
The document describes a smart system for sorting defective parts using a programmable logic controller (PLC). Reed switches are used as sensors to detect objects on conveyor belts and send signals to the PLC. Based on object height, the PLC controls DC motors to rotate belts and a pusher arm to sort objects into bins. This automated system reduces manual labor, increases sorting accuracy, and improves production efficiency compared to existing solutions. It is intended for use in small-scale industries to provide a low-cost sorting solution.
This document summarizes an article about developing an advanced agricultural robot system. Key points:
1) The system includes a robotic vehicle with four wheels controlled by DC motors and a microcontroller. Infrared sensors are used for obstacle detection.
2) The vehicle is designed to autonomously cultivate crops by considering specific rows and columns at a fixed distance depending on the crop type.
3) Experimental results show the vehicle's speed depends on soil moisture levels, and simulations demonstrate the use of feedback control to reduce sensitivity of motor speed to load variations.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Seed Sowing MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a manually operated seed sowing machine. It aims to address issues with traditional sowing methods, which are costly and labor-intensive for small farmers. The machine was designed to uniformly place seeds in rows at a controlled depth and spacing. Key components include a hopper, frame, furrow opener, and seed tube. Design calculations were performed to analyze forces on components. The machine offers advantages like reduced costs, labor needs, and improved plant germination compared to traditional sowing methods.
Novel Approach for Automatic Seed Sowing MachineIRJET Journal
This document presents a novel approach for an automatic seed sowing machine. It aims to integrate automation into the agriculture sector to reduce human effort and time taken for manual seed sowing. The proposed system uses mechanisms for selecting different seed types and an IR sensor for obstacle detection. It was tested in fields and showed reliability. The system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller and relays to control DC motors based on the seed type selected by the user. It aims to offer farmers an affordable and effective automatic seed sowing alternative to traditional manual methods.
1. This document describes a coconut dehusking machine designed to remove the husk from coconuts more efficiently than traditional manual methods.
2. The machine uses two rotating shafts with spikes that peel the husk off as the coconut passes between them. It is powered by a single-phase motor for lower costs than other motor types.
3. The goal is to speed up processing time and reduce labor needs for businesses that peel coconuts commercially. Introducing the affordable machine could help farmers and help address the lack of skilled labor for manual dehusking.
This document summarizes the development of a semi-automatic areca nut collecting machine. The machine uses a rotational mechanism with U-shaped cups attached to a chain conveyor to collect dried areca nuts from the ground and transport them into bags. It is intended to make the manual process of collecting dried nuts more efficient by reducing labor needs. The machine is designed to be powered manually without electricity and to be operated by a single person. The document describes the various components of the machine, including the rotational drums, chain drive, bucket elevator, and results of testing the prototype. The overall aim is to provide farmers an affordable option for timely collecting dried areca nuts.
A Review on Design and Fabrication of Groundnut Shelling and Separating Machine.IRJET Journal
This document reviews the design and fabrication of a groundnut shelling and separating machine. It aims to develop a portable machine that is affordable for small-scale farmers. The machine consists of a hopper, crushing chamber, separating chamber, blower, and frame powered by an electric motor. Groundnuts are fed into the hopper and crushed in the chamber to remove the shells, while the blower separates the shells from the seeds. The design is intended to improve efficiency over manual shelling methods while keeping costs low. The machine is meant to benefit farmers by quickly shelling groundnuts while avoiding damage to the seeds.
IRJET- Design & Development of Cashew Nut Scooping MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of an automatic cashew nut scooping machine. It aims to address the labor intensive and inefficient nature of manual cashew nut scooping. The machine uses an electric motor powered impeller to hurl cashew nuts against a fixed wall, scooping them from their shells upon impact. Testing showed the machine achieved a scooping efficiency of 95% and whole kernel recovery rate of 70-75%, significantly outperforming manual scooping. It can process 150kg of nuts per hour compared to the 15kg per day achieved manually. The automatic machine reduces labor costs, improves production rates and efficiency, while eliminating health hazards of manual scooping.
This document discusses different types of feeding systems used in assembly lines to increase production speed and efficiency. It begins with an introduction to automated assembly systems and the importance of the assembly sequence. It then describes four main types of feeding systems: 1) vibratory bowl feeders, which use vibration to orient and feed parts into the assembly line; 2) linear feeders, which convey oriented parts from bowl feeders; 3) step feeders, which can handle bulky parts without vibration; and 4) centrifugal feeders, which use centrifugal force to orient parts. Finally, it discusses the benefits of feeders in industries like automotive, electronics and pharmaceuticals, and concludes that implementing automated feeding systems can enhance utilization, reduce
This document summarizes a student project to automate the assembly of nexus components for mini circuit breakers. The existing manual process takes 15-16 seconds per assembly and produces 6 assemblies per minute. The project aims to use automation techniques like a vibratory bowl feeder, pneumatic press, proximity sensors, and a robotic arm to reduce the cycle time to 5.5 seconds and increase production to 3.5 lakh assemblies per month. The automated system uses 8 stations including component loading, pin feeding, pressing, and unloading stages to sequentially assemble the nexus.
This document describes the design and development of a solar-powered grass cutter. It discusses how current grass cutters require manual labor or electricity, which can be expensive and inefficient. The proposed solar grass cutter uses solar panels to charge a battery, which powers a motor that rotates the cutting blades. It is designed to be low-cost, easy to operate, and reduce reliance on electricity. The document provides details on the various components, including the solar panels, battery, motor, blades, and frame. It discusses the working mechanism where solar energy is converted to electrical energy to power the motor and cut grass. The solar grass cutter is presented as a low-cost and efficient alternative to manual or electric grass cutting tools
The document describes the development of a potato harvesting machine by students at GCOERC in Nashik, India. It aims to reduce the human effort required for potato harvesting compared to manual methods. The machine was designed to separate and transport potatoes with minimum losses and damage within a specific time period. It includes components like a frame, hopper, wheels, shafts, gears and a conveyor system. The working involves a digging share that loosens the potatoes, which are then conveyed and separated from debris before collection. The students conclude that the machine can help reduce labor costs and time required for harvesting potatoes compared to current manual methods.
IRJET-Automation of a Conventional Gas StoveIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a harvesting machine for small-scale farmers with land areas less than 2 acres. A group of engineering students designed a compact machine that can cut up to two rows of soybean plants using cutting blades powered by a 3HP two-stroke petrol engine. The machine also includes a collection mechanism to move the cut crops to one side. Testing showed the cost of harvesting using this machine is considerably less than manual harvesting methods. The design aims to provide an affordable solution for small-scale farmers facing challenges with labor costs and implementation.
Production of Chips of Porang (Amorphophallus Oncophyllus) by Slicing Machin...AM Publications
Chips of porang (amorphophallus oncophyllus) is slice of tubers of porang as a main material for glucomannan flour-making. Glucomannan flour containing high glucomannan is very useful to the food industry, non-food and health. Chips of porang production among the farmers in Magelang, Central Java, still use manual method that resulting low chips quality that does not meet for further processing, namely manufacturing of flour glucomannan. This applied research is intended to design the tubers chips maker with double rotating cutters to produce chips of uniform and the same thickness. The method used is engineering design approach starting from process of machine design, manufacture engine components, and engine performance testing. The result is a slicing machine with rotating cutters for producing chips of porang with the specifications: length dimension: 1000 (mm), width 750 (mm), height 1000 (mm), the weight of the machine: 85 (kg), the drive unit: motor gasoline of 5.5 HP. It was found that best performance of cutting process of the rotating double cutters is at 120 rpm, cutter angle of inclination is of 30o, and production capacity is of 310 kg per hour.
1. The document describes the design of a solar-powered paddy harvester to address issues with traditional manual harvesting such as labor shortages and high costs.
2. The proposed harvester uses a solar panel to charge a battery that powers a DC motor turning a circular blade at high speeds to cut crops. It is designed to be affordable for small farmers and easy to operate.
3. An evaluation of the harvester found that it fulfilled its objectives of being simple, compact, efficient and low-cost while testing showed it performed harvesting functions as expected.
Performance Evaluation of Power Operated Corn-ShellerIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research evaluating the performance of a power-operated corn sheller. The sheller was designed with components like a hopper, cylinder, concave, and chain spikes. It was tested at different motor speeds and moisture contents. The shelling capacity was found to be 973kg/h with a shelling efficiency of 97.37%. Output rate was around 577 kg/h. Performance was compared to traditional hand shelling and found to have much higher productivity and lower operation costs. The power sheller provided an effective mechanized option for corn shelling.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Pedal Operated Maize ShellerIRJET Journal
This document reviews the design and development of a pedal-operated maize sheller. It begins with an introduction to maize/corn as the third most important crop in India. Traditionally, maize is shelled by hand which is time-consuming and inefficient. Existing power-operated shellers require electricity and have high capital costs, making them unsuitable for rural areas. The document then reviews several existing maize sheller designs. It identifies opportunities to improve efficiency and reduce costs. The goal is to develop an affordable pedal-powered sheller suitable for Indian farmers. The document concludes that a pedal-operated design could provide higher productivity than manual shelling while being more accessible to farmers than electric models
IRJET- Design and Developement of Compact Solar Agricultural Harvester using ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a compact solar agricultural harvester using a quick return mechanism. The harvester was created to address the shortage of agricultural laborers in India and the high costs of commercial harvesters that are out of reach for small-scale farmers. The harvester uses a solar panel, cutting blade, gear assembly, battery, and DC motor. It functions as a walk-behind harvester where the motor powers a gearbox and quick return mechanism to convert rotational motion into reciprocating motion of the cutting blade for harvesting crops. The harvester aims to minimize harvesting time and human effort while encouraging the use of renewable energy and reducing pollution.
Multifunctional Agribot using Android for Small PlantationsIRJET Journal
1) Researchers developed an autonomous agricultural robot that can perform multiple farming tasks like plowing, seeding, fertilizer spraying, and crop monitoring through a single vehicle.
2) The robot is controlled using an Android application through Bluetooth and can work automatically or be manually controlled. It aims to reduce labor costs and improve efficiency for small farms.
3) The robot incorporates hardware components like DC motors, sensors and a microcontroller along with software to navigate autonomously and perform different tasks as selected by the user through the mobile app. This allows a single robot to replace multiple farming machines.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ROAD CLEANING AND SCRAP COLLECTING MACHINEIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a road cleaning and scrap collecting machine. A team of students designed the machine to efficiently clean roads and collect scrap using low-cost, easy to acquire materials. The machine features rotating scrubbers powered by a DC motor to clean the road surface. A cleaning brush pushes scrap into a storage tank. It is operated remotely by a button remote to minimize human labor while cleaning. The design aims to provide an affordable alternative to traditional road cleaning methods.
FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC AGRICULTURAL FERTILIZERS SPRAYING MACHINEIRJET Journal
- The document describes the design and fabrication of an automatic agricultural fertilizer spraying machine.
- Key features include a remote-controlled four-wheeled design with a 50-liter pesticide tank and centrifugal pump. The machine can spray fertilizer uniformly on crops from both sides while moving through the field.
- Calculations are shown for the machine's capacity, required motor power, chain drive, shaft design, bearings, nozzles, and battery specifications. The automatic design aims to improve spraying efficiency for farmers.
India has a large and diverse agricultural sector which requires quite effective methods for spraying pesticides at a high rate, in minimal time. In our country India, uttermost agricultural operations are performed manually by farm worker sutilizing hand tools and equipments. The economic upswing and scientifically advancements have lead to greater demand and blooming of machines and devices used in industrial settings. With these changes, there has also been greater synergy between man and machines. Hence, i tis important to modify the present hand tools using ergonomic principles for optimizing of operation, safety and comfort of user.
In this paper we present a multi-purpose agricultural robot to implement precision irrigation, fertilizer addition and de-weeding, apart from continuous monitoring of crop and soil conditions. This will involve efficient utilization of water resources, intensive plant and soil monitoring, condition based use of fertilizers and the ability to work in unstructured environments. Developed agriculture needs to find new ways to improve efficiency.
Similar to IRJET- Analysis of Connecting Rod and Designed Spring of Raisin Sorting Machine (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.