Chips of porang (amorphophallus oncophyllus) is slice of tubers of porang as a main material for glucomannan flour-making. Glucomannan flour containing high glucomannan is very useful to the food industry, non-food and health. Chips of porang production among the farmers in Magelang, Central Java, still use manual method that resulting low chips quality that does not meet for further processing, namely manufacturing of flour glucomannan. This applied research is intended to design the tubers chips maker with double rotating cutters to produce chips of uniform and the same thickness. The method used is engineering design approach starting from process of machine design, manufacture engine components, and engine performance testing. The result is a slicing machine with rotating cutters for producing chips of porang with the specifications: length dimension: 1000 (mm), width 750 (mm), height 1000 (mm), the weight of the machine: 85 (kg), the drive unit: motor gasoline of 5.5 HP. It was found that best performance of cutting process of the rotating double cutters is at 120 rpm, cutter angle of inclination is of 30o, and production capacity is of 310 kg per hour.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Cocoa Pod Splitting and Bean Extraction ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a cocoa pod splitting and bean extraction machine. It aims to simplify the process of removing beans from cocoa pods, which is currently done manually requiring significant human labor. The machine was designed to be operated manually, constructed from locally available materials to keep costs low, and easy to assemble/disassemble so it can be shared among farmers. Components of the machine like the frame, bearing, spring, and cutting/extracting tools are modeled. The working mechanism involves placing the cocoa pod in a holder, using the handle to cut open the pod with a knife, then pressing the handle to push a tool that extracts the beans. The design of a spring used in the machine is also detailed. The
Design, development and fabrication of a low cost corn deseeding machineeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Testing and ergonomically evaluation of tractor mounted and self mounted coco...eSAT Publishing House
This summary provides an overview of the key points from the document:
1. The document discusses the development and testing of a Tractor Mounted and Self Propelled Coconut Climber (TMSPCC) to improve the efficiency of coconut harvesting over traditional manual climbing methods.
2. Ergonomic evaluations were conducted to assess the physiological cost, safety, and ease of operation of the TMSPCC compared to manual climbing. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, and discomfort levels were measured for operators of both methods.
3. Testing results found the TMSPCC to be safer and less physically demanding for operators compared to manual climbing. It was able to harvest 100-120 coconut trees per day
This document describes the design of a rice de-stoner machine. The machine uses two sieves of different sizes to separate rice grains from stones in two stages. Sieve A has openings sized based on the dimensions of rice grains to allow rice but not stones larger than the grains to pass through. Sieve B has even smaller openings that only allow sands and stones smaller than the rice to pass through, fully separating the rice. The sieves are attached to springs and vibrated by a 0.5kW electric motor to facilitate separation. The designed de-stoner is estimated to have an efficiency of 80% and processing capacity of 7.5 tonnes per hour. It is intended for small-scale rural applications
The document describes the development and performance evaluation of a melon shelling and separating machine. The machine uses an attrition shelling method with a hopper, shelling chamber, and separating chamber. The shelling chamber contains an impeller with vanes that rub melons against fixed rods to remove the husks. A blower then separates the chaff from the shelled seeds. Testing showed that moisture content significantly affected shelling and cleaning efficiency, while impeller speed mainly influenced shelling efficiency. The optimal performance was 39.1% shelling efficiency and 70.3% cleaning efficiency at 3.79% moisture and 1200 rpm impeller speed.
IRJET- Design and Development of Corn Chaff Peeling MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a corn chaff peeling machine. It aims to improve existing manual corn peeling techniques which are inefficient and cause damage to corn kernels. The proposed machine uses a rotating shaft with spikes to peel corn placed in a barrel. It is intended to be affordable for small-scale farmers. The document outlines the objectives, methodology, materials used, design calculations for components like the drive shaft and bearings, and principles of operation. The design aims to efficiently peel corn while being low-cost, simple to operate and maintain, and usable with local manufacturing capabilities.
Assessment of pedal operated maize thresher for rural dwellersiaemedu
The document summarizes the development and assessment of a pedal-operated maize thresher designed for rural farmers. It discusses traditional maize threshing methods, the design of the improved thresher including its threshing unit and chain/sprocket drive system, and how the thresher was tested. The thresher was found to be able to shell 81.03kg/hour of maize compared to only 25.00kg/hour using traditional hand methods, with a threshing efficiency of 86.6%.
The document describes the design and evaluation of a corn sheller machine. It discusses how existing corn de-husking methods are not effective for small Indian farmers. The designed machine uses a DC motor to rotate sharp cutting blades that remove corn kernels from cobs as they are fed through. An evaluation of the machine found it was able to shell 20kg of corn in under 3 minutes with a threshing efficiency of 78.93% and separation efficiency of 56.06%. The machine was concluded to satisfactorily shell corn and could process about 1 tonne per 9 hour shift, providing an innovative solution for efficient corn processing by small Indian farmers.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Cocoa Pod Splitting and Bean Extraction ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a cocoa pod splitting and bean extraction machine. It aims to simplify the process of removing beans from cocoa pods, which is currently done manually requiring significant human labor. The machine was designed to be operated manually, constructed from locally available materials to keep costs low, and easy to assemble/disassemble so it can be shared among farmers. Components of the machine like the frame, bearing, spring, and cutting/extracting tools are modeled. The working mechanism involves placing the cocoa pod in a holder, using the handle to cut open the pod with a knife, then pressing the handle to push a tool that extracts the beans. The design of a spring used in the machine is also detailed. The
Design, development and fabrication of a low cost corn deseeding machineeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Testing and ergonomically evaluation of tractor mounted and self mounted coco...eSAT Publishing House
This summary provides an overview of the key points from the document:
1. The document discusses the development and testing of a Tractor Mounted and Self Propelled Coconut Climber (TMSPCC) to improve the efficiency of coconut harvesting over traditional manual climbing methods.
2. Ergonomic evaluations were conducted to assess the physiological cost, safety, and ease of operation of the TMSPCC compared to manual climbing. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, and discomfort levels were measured for operators of both methods.
3. Testing results found the TMSPCC to be safer and less physically demanding for operators compared to manual climbing. It was able to harvest 100-120 coconut trees per day
This document describes the design of a rice de-stoner machine. The machine uses two sieves of different sizes to separate rice grains from stones in two stages. Sieve A has openings sized based on the dimensions of rice grains to allow rice but not stones larger than the grains to pass through. Sieve B has even smaller openings that only allow sands and stones smaller than the rice to pass through, fully separating the rice. The sieves are attached to springs and vibrated by a 0.5kW electric motor to facilitate separation. The designed de-stoner is estimated to have an efficiency of 80% and processing capacity of 7.5 tonnes per hour. It is intended for small-scale rural applications
The document describes the development and performance evaluation of a melon shelling and separating machine. The machine uses an attrition shelling method with a hopper, shelling chamber, and separating chamber. The shelling chamber contains an impeller with vanes that rub melons against fixed rods to remove the husks. A blower then separates the chaff from the shelled seeds. Testing showed that moisture content significantly affected shelling and cleaning efficiency, while impeller speed mainly influenced shelling efficiency. The optimal performance was 39.1% shelling efficiency and 70.3% cleaning efficiency at 3.79% moisture and 1200 rpm impeller speed.
IRJET- Design and Development of Corn Chaff Peeling MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a corn chaff peeling machine. It aims to improve existing manual corn peeling techniques which are inefficient and cause damage to corn kernels. The proposed machine uses a rotating shaft with spikes to peel corn placed in a barrel. It is intended to be affordable for small-scale farmers. The document outlines the objectives, methodology, materials used, design calculations for components like the drive shaft and bearings, and principles of operation. The design aims to efficiently peel corn while being low-cost, simple to operate and maintain, and usable with local manufacturing capabilities.
Assessment of pedal operated maize thresher for rural dwellersiaemedu
The document summarizes the development and assessment of a pedal-operated maize thresher designed for rural farmers. It discusses traditional maize threshing methods, the design of the improved thresher including its threshing unit and chain/sprocket drive system, and how the thresher was tested. The thresher was found to be able to shell 81.03kg/hour of maize compared to only 25.00kg/hour using traditional hand methods, with a threshing efficiency of 86.6%.
The document describes the design and evaluation of a corn sheller machine. It discusses how existing corn de-husking methods are not effective for small Indian farmers. The designed machine uses a DC motor to rotate sharp cutting blades that remove corn kernels from cobs as they are fed through. An evaluation of the machine found it was able to shell 20kg of corn in under 3 minutes with a threshing efficiency of 78.93% and separation efficiency of 56.06%. The machine was concluded to satisfactorily shell corn and could process about 1 tonne per 9 hour shift, providing an innovative solution for efficient corn processing by small Indian farmers.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Seed Sowing MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a manually operated seed sowing machine. It aims to address issues with traditional sowing methods, which are costly and labor-intensive for small farmers. The machine was designed to uniformly place seeds in rows at a controlled depth and spacing. Key components include a hopper, frame, furrow opener, and seed tube. Design calculations were performed to analyze forces on components. The machine offers advantages like reduced costs, labor needs, and improved plant germination compared to traditional sowing methods.
“Design and Fabrication of Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator Machine”IJMERJOURNAL
1) The document describes the design and fabrication of a pedal-operated groundnut decorticator machine. It aims to provide small farmers a low-cost option for shelling groundnuts compared to manual methods.
2) The machine uses a quick return mechanism with a rubber pad fitted to a shaft to gently crush and shell groundnuts. In trials, it achieved an output of 49 kg/hour, higher than manual methods.
3) Analysis found the machine achieved 59.1% decortication efficiency and 9.29% mechanical damage to kernels, demonstrating it is an effective and higher output alternative to hand shelling for small farmers.
This document summarizes a research paper on the design and advantages of a multi-seed sowing machine. It begins by discussing how traditional sowing methods are labor intensive and inconsistent. It then describes the key parts of the proposed machine, which includes a wheel and pulley system to power seed dispersal, a gear arrangement to control seed spacing, discs with holes to release seeds, and adjustable furrows. The machine is designed to efficiently plant multiple crop seeds simultaneously while controlling row spacing, seed spacing, and fertilizer placement. It reduces labor needs and costs compared to traditional sowing methods. In conclusion, the machine provides improvements in seed and fertilizer utilization with minimal loss.
Conceptual design of injection mould tool for main body part of an air inflatoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Problem-solving and ongoing procedure enhancements are key elements to
obtaining quality improvement in business operations. Many process and machine
improvement strategies have been suggested and implemented in organizations, where
define, measure, analysis, improve and control is mostly applied. Here we aimed at
improving the machine productivity of assembly line in a cotton ginning assembly line
in an Industry. The tool which is used to improve the productivity of assembly line are
time study and method study. Based on this, the study provides data of time required
for each assembly processes, sequence of each operations and flow of the product in
assembly line.
The present study has been done at an industry, a leading manufacturer of cotton
ginning machine. The aim of the study is to identify the various problems on the
assembly line which causes unnecessary delay in the operations. The problem is found
in the assembly line and is solved by work study techniques and it is found that cycle
time of bottle neck operation was reduced by 33.05% per trolley
This document describes the design and development of a rubber tire groundnut sheller machine. It provides details on the certificate, submission, contents, introduction, material selection, design, future modifications, project outputs, maintenance, precautions, cost estimation, bibliography and acknowledgements sections of the project report on the rubber tire groundnut sheller. The project aims to design an affordable and easy to build groundnut shelling machine using locally available materials like rubber tire, wire mesh, angle iron etc. to help small farmers and industries shell groundnuts efficiently with minimal resources.
Development and Performance Evaluation of Power Driven ChopperAJASTJournal
Maize and sorghum stalk considered among the most fodder materials in Ethiopia. Therefore the chop machine was adapted and evaluated. The research was conducted at Asella Agricultural Engineering Research Center (AAERC), Arsi Negelle and Zuway Dugda districts to evaluate the machine performance in terms of chopping efficiency, throughput capacity, cutting efficiency and fuel consumption at different speed of cutter shaft. The output of chopper was found to be remarkable achievement. The chopping efficiency was decreased from 97.28 to 92.43 % on maize stalk and 95 to 90.2 % on sorghum stalk as rpm increases from 1150 to 1850 respectively. Throughput capacity of chopper was increases from 8.13 to 12.6 kg/min on maize stalk and 10.26 to 14.5 kg/min on sorghum stalk as rpm increases from 1150 to 1850 respectively. The mean of chopping length and cutting efficiency of 3.5 cm and 96.64 % on maize and also 2.53 cm and 97.63 % on sorghum stalk respectively.
Review paper on “Various aspects of Weeders for Economical Cultivation”IJMER
This document provides a review of various aspects of weeders for economical crop cultivation. It discusses the challenges of manual weeding, including the high labor costs that account for 33% of total cultivation costs. Various weeding equipment, materials, and methods are analyzed, including their advantages and limitations. Key points made include the need for ergonomic design, adjustability, durability, and low cost. The summary discusses improving weeder efficiency while reducing farmer fatigue and expenses.
Innovative concept of coiling machine integrated with rolling mill to replace...eSAT Journals
Abstract: Building Construction Involves Use Of Stirrups To Give Strength To Columns And Beams And Are Widely Used In Various Shapes In Steel Reinforcement. It Is Regular Practice To Make Stirrups On Construction Sites. Existing Engineering Standards Recommend Use Of Continuous Helical Coil For Better Strength Of Structure But It Is Having A Very Rudimentary Level Of Technology. Hence This Work Focuses On Developing A Coiling Machine As An Integrated System Of The Rolling Mill Where The Steel Bars Are Produced. The Integrated Coiling Machine Will Overcome Almost All Problems And Limitations Associated With Manual Stirrup Making And Even Of Semiautomatic And Full Automatic Stirrup Making Machines. This Paper Embarks On Integration Of Stirrup Making Activity With Rolling Mill So As To Take The Advantages Of Plastic Deformation Of Steel At Elevated Temperature, Imbibing The Metallurgical And Mechanical Properties And Eliminating Residual Stresses Compared To Todays Stirrup Making Practices. Key Words: - Stirrup, Rolling Mill, Helical Coil, Coil
Development of Bottle Unscramble MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a bottle unscramble machine. The machine was designed to automatically position bottles vertically on a conveyor belt to increase efficiency and reduce manual labor. It consists of a drum that feeds bottles to a conveyor belt. The belt is rotated via a gearing mechanism connected to a DC motor. As the bottles move on the belt, a wooden scrapper helps guide them into a vertical position. The positioning accuracy of the machine is 95% due to the wooden construction. It has applications in bottle filling and packaging plants to further automate processing. The overall aim was to create an inexpensive and maintenance-free solution to automatically organize bottles on a conveyor line.
Concept Design and Analysis of Low Cost O-Ring Assembly Machine for Adjustabl...AM Publications
This paper deals with the design of low cost O-ring assembly machine for adjustable ball race assembly. The O-ring sub-assembly is used in TAFE (Tractor and Forming Equipment) steering assembly unit. The adjustable ball race contains the O-ring which avoids the leakage of grease applied on the ball race. The main problem was absence of O-ring in the ABR assembly. This is because of the human errors in assembling the O-ring and adjustable ball race. There was no mechanism or the sensors to ensure the presence of O-ring in the assembly. To eliminate the manual error of workers O-ring assembly machine was designed. This paper consists of design, analysis of the O-ring assembly machine.
IRJET- Analysis of Connecting Rod and Designed Spring of Raisin Sorting M...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of an improved raisin sorting machine. It aims to address limitations of current machines, which have a low sorting capacity of 2 tonnes/hour, improper cleaning, and failure of connecting rods that guide vibratory sieves due to fluctuating loads. The document provides background on raisin production worldwide and in India. It then reviews literature on raisin quality criteria, vibrating feeder design, and automated sorting systems. The proposed new design aims to improve sorting capacity, cleaning, and durability of components like connecting rods.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Coconut Deshelling MachineIRJET Journal
The document reviews several designs for coconut de-shelling machines. It summarizes 7 different designs:
1. A machine with two cutters mounted on a shared shaft with gear drive that can de-shell 300 coconuts per hour.
2. A power-operated machine that can de-shell 200 nuts or 400 cups per batch in 4 minutes, 4 times faster than manual methods.
3. A semi-automatic young coconut cutting machine that can cut 480 fruits per hour at a cost of $2.63 per 1000 fruits.
4. A motorized groundnut sheller that can shell 78% of nuts and has a throughput of 345.4kg per hour.
IRJET- Design & Development of Cashew Nut Scooping MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of an automatic cashew nut scooping machine. It aims to address the labor intensive and inefficient nature of manual cashew nut scooping. The machine uses an electric motor powered impeller to hurl cashew nuts against a fixed wall, scooping them from their shells upon impact. Testing showed the machine achieved a scooping efficiency of 95% and whole kernel recovery rate of 70-75%, significantly outperforming manual scooping. It can process 150kg of nuts per hour compared to the 15kg per day achieved manually. The automatic machine reduces labor costs, improves production rates and efficiency, while eliminating health hazards of manual scooping.
A Review on Design and Fabrication of Groundnut Shelling and Separating Machine.IRJET Journal
This document reviews the design and fabrication of a groundnut shelling and separating machine. It aims to develop a portable machine that is affordable for small-scale farmers. The machine consists of a hopper, crushing chamber, separating chamber, blower, and frame powered by an electric motor. Groundnuts are fed into the hopper and crushed in the chamber to remove the shells, while the blower separates the shells from the seeds. The design is intended to improve efficiency over manual shelling methods while keeping costs low. The machine is meant to benefit farmers by quickly shelling groundnuts while avoiding damage to the seeds.
Design & Fabrication of Groundnut Sheller MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a portable groundnut shelling machine. It summarizes:
1) Groundnut shelling is currently done manually or through expensive industrial machines. The designed machine aims to be affordable for domestic use.
2) The machine's main components include a frame, electric motor, roller, V-belt, pulleys, hopper, and fan. Groundnuts are fed into the hopper and shells are cracked between the roller and net. A fan then separates the shells from the nuts.
3) Calculations were done to design the V-belt, pulleys, and other components. The final portable design is intended to reduce shelling time and costs compared to manual methods.
DESIGN AND FE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID COMPOSITE MOTOR CYCLE HELMETAM Publications
This document describes a study that analyzed different materials for use in a hybrid composite motorcycle helmet through finite element analysis. The study aimed to develop a helmet design with superior strength, low weight, and high impact resistance. The existing helmet design was modeled in CAD software. The model was then meshed and analyzed in ANSYS for three materials: polypropylene, polycarbonate, and carbon fiber composite (CFC). The analysis examined deformation, von Mises stress, and strain under loads of 500N and 2000N. Results showed CFC exhibited the lowest deformation and similar stress levels to other materials, but with a higher yield strength of 150MPa, indicating it could provide strength advantages over conventional materials. In conclusion, C
The document describes the development of a potato harvesting machine by students at GCOERC in Nashik, India. It aims to reduce the human effort required for potato harvesting compared to manual methods. The machine was designed to separate and transport potatoes with minimum losses and damage within a specific time period. It includes components like a frame, hopper, wheels, shafts, gears and a conveyor system. The working involves a digging share that loosens the potatoes, which are then conveyed and separated from debris before collection. The students conclude that the machine can help reduce labor costs and time required for harvesting potatoes compared to current manual methods.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design And Development Trolley Operated of Agricultural Multi-nozzle Spray PumpIRJET Journal
1) The document describes the design and development of a trolley-operated agricultural multi-nozzle spray pump. It aims to address the health issues farmers face from long-term manual spraying as well as provide a more efficient option than power-operated methods.
2) The design factors include durability, light weight, compact size, adjustable spray height, and affordable cost. Materials used include mild steel, stainless steel, plastic, rubber, and brass.
3) The CAD design shows the frame and mechanism. It uses a wheel, sprockets, chain drive, and piston pump to spray pesticides from adjustable nozzles as the trolley is pushed forward.
Design and Fabrication of Tamarind Seed Removal MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a tamarind seed removal machine. Tamarind is a useful kitchen ingredient and removing seeds manually is tedious. The proposed machine aims to automate and simplify this process. It consists of a seed separating unit where fruits are subjected to shear force from a motorized cutter blade. Deshelled tamarind is fed into tapered grooved discs connected to a low-rpm motor. Seeds are ejected through projections in a tray. Static structural analysis via FEA software was performed to optimize the design. Key components like gears, shafts and rollers were manufactured. The machine is intended to reduce labor, costs and processing time for farmers and small industries.
Design and Fabrication of Tamarind Seed Removal MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a tamarind seed removal machine. Tamarind is a useful kitchen ingredient and removing seeds manually is tedious. The proposed machine aims to automate and simplify this process. It consists of a seed separating unit where fruits are subjected to shear force from a motorized cutter blade. Deshelled tamarind is fed into tapered grooved discs connected to a low-rpm motor. Seeds are ejected through projections in a tray. Static structural analysis via FEA software was performed to optimize the design. Key components like gears, shafts and rollers were manufactured. The machine is intended to reduce labor, costs and processing time for farmers and small industries.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Seed Sowing MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a manually operated seed sowing machine. It aims to address issues with traditional sowing methods, which are costly and labor-intensive for small farmers. The machine was designed to uniformly place seeds in rows at a controlled depth and spacing. Key components include a hopper, frame, furrow opener, and seed tube. Design calculations were performed to analyze forces on components. The machine offers advantages like reduced costs, labor needs, and improved plant germination compared to traditional sowing methods.
“Design and Fabrication of Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator Machine”IJMERJOURNAL
1) The document describes the design and fabrication of a pedal-operated groundnut decorticator machine. It aims to provide small farmers a low-cost option for shelling groundnuts compared to manual methods.
2) The machine uses a quick return mechanism with a rubber pad fitted to a shaft to gently crush and shell groundnuts. In trials, it achieved an output of 49 kg/hour, higher than manual methods.
3) Analysis found the machine achieved 59.1% decortication efficiency and 9.29% mechanical damage to kernels, demonstrating it is an effective and higher output alternative to hand shelling for small farmers.
This document summarizes a research paper on the design and advantages of a multi-seed sowing machine. It begins by discussing how traditional sowing methods are labor intensive and inconsistent. It then describes the key parts of the proposed machine, which includes a wheel and pulley system to power seed dispersal, a gear arrangement to control seed spacing, discs with holes to release seeds, and adjustable furrows. The machine is designed to efficiently plant multiple crop seeds simultaneously while controlling row spacing, seed spacing, and fertilizer placement. It reduces labor needs and costs compared to traditional sowing methods. In conclusion, the machine provides improvements in seed and fertilizer utilization with minimal loss.
Conceptual design of injection mould tool for main body part of an air inflatoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Problem-solving and ongoing procedure enhancements are key elements to
obtaining quality improvement in business operations. Many process and machine
improvement strategies have been suggested and implemented in organizations, where
define, measure, analysis, improve and control is mostly applied. Here we aimed at
improving the machine productivity of assembly line in a cotton ginning assembly line
in an Industry. The tool which is used to improve the productivity of assembly line are
time study and method study. Based on this, the study provides data of time required
for each assembly processes, sequence of each operations and flow of the product in
assembly line.
The present study has been done at an industry, a leading manufacturer of cotton
ginning machine. The aim of the study is to identify the various problems on the
assembly line which causes unnecessary delay in the operations. The problem is found
in the assembly line and is solved by work study techniques and it is found that cycle
time of bottle neck operation was reduced by 33.05% per trolley
This document describes the design and development of a rubber tire groundnut sheller machine. It provides details on the certificate, submission, contents, introduction, material selection, design, future modifications, project outputs, maintenance, precautions, cost estimation, bibliography and acknowledgements sections of the project report on the rubber tire groundnut sheller. The project aims to design an affordable and easy to build groundnut shelling machine using locally available materials like rubber tire, wire mesh, angle iron etc. to help small farmers and industries shell groundnuts efficiently with minimal resources.
Development and Performance Evaluation of Power Driven ChopperAJASTJournal
Maize and sorghum stalk considered among the most fodder materials in Ethiopia. Therefore the chop machine was adapted and evaluated. The research was conducted at Asella Agricultural Engineering Research Center (AAERC), Arsi Negelle and Zuway Dugda districts to evaluate the machine performance in terms of chopping efficiency, throughput capacity, cutting efficiency and fuel consumption at different speed of cutter shaft. The output of chopper was found to be remarkable achievement. The chopping efficiency was decreased from 97.28 to 92.43 % on maize stalk and 95 to 90.2 % on sorghum stalk as rpm increases from 1150 to 1850 respectively. Throughput capacity of chopper was increases from 8.13 to 12.6 kg/min on maize stalk and 10.26 to 14.5 kg/min on sorghum stalk as rpm increases from 1150 to 1850 respectively. The mean of chopping length and cutting efficiency of 3.5 cm and 96.64 % on maize and also 2.53 cm and 97.63 % on sorghum stalk respectively.
Review paper on “Various aspects of Weeders for Economical Cultivation”IJMER
This document provides a review of various aspects of weeders for economical crop cultivation. It discusses the challenges of manual weeding, including the high labor costs that account for 33% of total cultivation costs. Various weeding equipment, materials, and methods are analyzed, including their advantages and limitations. Key points made include the need for ergonomic design, adjustability, durability, and low cost. The summary discusses improving weeder efficiency while reducing farmer fatigue and expenses.
Innovative concept of coiling machine integrated with rolling mill to replace...eSAT Journals
Abstract: Building Construction Involves Use Of Stirrups To Give Strength To Columns And Beams And Are Widely Used In Various Shapes In Steel Reinforcement. It Is Regular Practice To Make Stirrups On Construction Sites. Existing Engineering Standards Recommend Use Of Continuous Helical Coil For Better Strength Of Structure But It Is Having A Very Rudimentary Level Of Technology. Hence This Work Focuses On Developing A Coiling Machine As An Integrated System Of The Rolling Mill Where The Steel Bars Are Produced. The Integrated Coiling Machine Will Overcome Almost All Problems And Limitations Associated With Manual Stirrup Making And Even Of Semiautomatic And Full Automatic Stirrup Making Machines. This Paper Embarks On Integration Of Stirrup Making Activity With Rolling Mill So As To Take The Advantages Of Plastic Deformation Of Steel At Elevated Temperature, Imbibing The Metallurgical And Mechanical Properties And Eliminating Residual Stresses Compared To Todays Stirrup Making Practices. Key Words: - Stirrup, Rolling Mill, Helical Coil, Coil
Development of Bottle Unscramble MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a bottle unscramble machine. The machine was designed to automatically position bottles vertically on a conveyor belt to increase efficiency and reduce manual labor. It consists of a drum that feeds bottles to a conveyor belt. The belt is rotated via a gearing mechanism connected to a DC motor. As the bottles move on the belt, a wooden scrapper helps guide them into a vertical position. The positioning accuracy of the machine is 95% due to the wooden construction. It has applications in bottle filling and packaging plants to further automate processing. The overall aim was to create an inexpensive and maintenance-free solution to automatically organize bottles on a conveyor line.
Concept Design and Analysis of Low Cost O-Ring Assembly Machine for Adjustabl...AM Publications
This paper deals with the design of low cost O-ring assembly machine for adjustable ball race assembly. The O-ring sub-assembly is used in TAFE (Tractor and Forming Equipment) steering assembly unit. The adjustable ball race contains the O-ring which avoids the leakage of grease applied on the ball race. The main problem was absence of O-ring in the ABR assembly. This is because of the human errors in assembling the O-ring and adjustable ball race. There was no mechanism or the sensors to ensure the presence of O-ring in the assembly. To eliminate the manual error of workers O-ring assembly machine was designed. This paper consists of design, analysis of the O-ring assembly machine.
IRJET- Analysis of Connecting Rod and Designed Spring of Raisin Sorting M...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of an improved raisin sorting machine. It aims to address limitations of current machines, which have a low sorting capacity of 2 tonnes/hour, improper cleaning, and failure of connecting rods that guide vibratory sieves due to fluctuating loads. The document provides background on raisin production worldwide and in India. It then reviews literature on raisin quality criteria, vibrating feeder design, and automated sorting systems. The proposed new design aims to improve sorting capacity, cleaning, and durability of components like connecting rods.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Coconut Deshelling MachineIRJET Journal
The document reviews several designs for coconut de-shelling machines. It summarizes 7 different designs:
1. A machine with two cutters mounted on a shared shaft with gear drive that can de-shell 300 coconuts per hour.
2. A power-operated machine that can de-shell 200 nuts or 400 cups per batch in 4 minutes, 4 times faster than manual methods.
3. A semi-automatic young coconut cutting machine that can cut 480 fruits per hour at a cost of $2.63 per 1000 fruits.
4. A motorized groundnut sheller that can shell 78% of nuts and has a throughput of 345.4kg per hour.
IRJET- Design & Development of Cashew Nut Scooping MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of an automatic cashew nut scooping machine. It aims to address the labor intensive and inefficient nature of manual cashew nut scooping. The machine uses an electric motor powered impeller to hurl cashew nuts against a fixed wall, scooping them from their shells upon impact. Testing showed the machine achieved a scooping efficiency of 95% and whole kernel recovery rate of 70-75%, significantly outperforming manual scooping. It can process 150kg of nuts per hour compared to the 15kg per day achieved manually. The automatic machine reduces labor costs, improves production rates and efficiency, while eliminating health hazards of manual scooping.
A Review on Design and Fabrication of Groundnut Shelling and Separating Machine.IRJET Journal
This document reviews the design and fabrication of a groundnut shelling and separating machine. It aims to develop a portable machine that is affordable for small-scale farmers. The machine consists of a hopper, crushing chamber, separating chamber, blower, and frame powered by an electric motor. Groundnuts are fed into the hopper and crushed in the chamber to remove the shells, while the blower separates the shells from the seeds. The design is intended to improve efficiency over manual shelling methods while keeping costs low. The machine is meant to benefit farmers by quickly shelling groundnuts while avoiding damage to the seeds.
Design & Fabrication of Groundnut Sheller MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a portable groundnut shelling machine. It summarizes:
1) Groundnut shelling is currently done manually or through expensive industrial machines. The designed machine aims to be affordable for domestic use.
2) The machine's main components include a frame, electric motor, roller, V-belt, pulleys, hopper, and fan. Groundnuts are fed into the hopper and shells are cracked between the roller and net. A fan then separates the shells from the nuts.
3) Calculations were done to design the V-belt, pulleys, and other components. The final portable design is intended to reduce shelling time and costs compared to manual methods.
DESIGN AND FE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID COMPOSITE MOTOR CYCLE HELMETAM Publications
This document describes a study that analyzed different materials for use in a hybrid composite motorcycle helmet through finite element analysis. The study aimed to develop a helmet design with superior strength, low weight, and high impact resistance. The existing helmet design was modeled in CAD software. The model was then meshed and analyzed in ANSYS for three materials: polypropylene, polycarbonate, and carbon fiber composite (CFC). The analysis examined deformation, von Mises stress, and strain under loads of 500N and 2000N. Results showed CFC exhibited the lowest deformation and similar stress levels to other materials, but with a higher yield strength of 150MPa, indicating it could provide strength advantages over conventional materials. In conclusion, C
The document describes the development of a potato harvesting machine by students at GCOERC in Nashik, India. It aims to reduce the human effort required for potato harvesting compared to manual methods. The machine was designed to separate and transport potatoes with minimum losses and damage within a specific time period. It includes components like a frame, hopper, wheels, shafts, gears and a conveyor system. The working involves a digging share that loosens the potatoes, which are then conveyed and separated from debris before collection. The students conclude that the machine can help reduce labor costs and time required for harvesting potatoes compared to current manual methods.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design And Development Trolley Operated of Agricultural Multi-nozzle Spray PumpIRJET Journal
1) The document describes the design and development of a trolley-operated agricultural multi-nozzle spray pump. It aims to address the health issues farmers face from long-term manual spraying as well as provide a more efficient option than power-operated methods.
2) The design factors include durability, light weight, compact size, adjustable spray height, and affordable cost. Materials used include mild steel, stainless steel, plastic, rubber, and brass.
3) The CAD design shows the frame and mechanism. It uses a wheel, sprockets, chain drive, and piston pump to spray pesticides from adjustable nozzles as the trolley is pushed forward.
Design and Fabrication of Tamarind Seed Removal MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a tamarind seed removal machine. Tamarind is a useful kitchen ingredient and removing seeds manually is tedious. The proposed machine aims to automate and simplify this process. It consists of a seed separating unit where fruits are subjected to shear force from a motorized cutter blade. Deshelled tamarind is fed into tapered grooved discs connected to a low-rpm motor. Seeds are ejected through projections in a tray. Static structural analysis via FEA software was performed to optimize the design. Key components like gears, shafts and rollers were manufactured. The machine is intended to reduce labor, costs and processing time for farmers and small industries.
Design and Fabrication of Tamarind Seed Removal MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a tamarind seed removal machine. Tamarind is a useful kitchen ingredient and removing seeds manually is tedious. The proposed machine aims to automate and simplify this process. It consists of a seed separating unit where fruits are subjected to shear force from a motorized cutter blade. Deshelled tamarind is fed into tapered grooved discs connected to a low-rpm motor. Seeds are ejected through projections in a tray. Static structural analysis via FEA software was performed to optimize the design. Key components like gears, shafts and rollers were manufactured. The machine is intended to reduce labor, costs and processing time for farmers and small industries.
The document describes the design of an automated onion sapling bot. The bot was created to address challenges onion farmers face in manually planting saplings, such as labor shortages and inconsistent spacing between plants. The bot uses a claw mechanism powered by a slider-crank mechanism to dig holes and deposit saplings at predetermined intervals. Linkage and CAD software were used to design the mechanisms. Motors were selected using calculations of required torque. An Arduino, motors, and Bluetooth module allow for automated operation controlled by a mobile app. Testing showed the claw can withstand forces and has a maximum deformation of 6.18e-9 m. The bot could help increase farming efficiency and productivity while reducing labor costs.
The design of a universal sieving machine was explored to meet the diverse needs of sieving applications across various industries. The machine incorporates various mechanisms to enable it to handle different types of materials e.g., cassava flakes, Sand, Flour, etc. and sieve them to desired particle sizes. Careful component selection and procurement were undertaken to ensure compatibility, quality, and availability. The machines performance was evaluated by conducting various tests, including the sieving of different materials sand and granulated cassava with varying particle sizes. The results showed that the Universal Sieving machine achieved excellent sieving accuracy and efficiency of 98, indicating its potential for use in industrial and research settings. This project offers a cost effective solution to the challenges of sieving a diverse range of materials and has significant implications in the fields of food processing, mining, and pharmaceuticals. A. A. Okafor | S. E. Abonyi | A. E. Ilechukwu | C. V. Obinani "Design of a Universal Sieving Machine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd58605.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/58605/design-of-a-universal-sieving-machine/a-a-okafor
IRJET- Review on Design and Fabrication of Coating Powder Filtration MachineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on the design and fabrication of a coating powder filtration machine. It discusses how coating powder is currently filtered manually, which is time-consuming and involves labor costs. The proposed filtration machine would automate the sieving process using a cyclone and sieving mechanism to efficiently filter coating powder and allow it to be reused, reducing costs. The literature review covers past research on cyclone efficiency, sieving kinetics, simulation of sieving behavior, and effects of nanoparticles on powder flow properties. There is a need for an automated process to address issues with the current manual filtration method. The conclusion discusses how cyclone efficiency and pressure drop are affected by design parameters based on analysis of previous studies.
IRJET - Proposal and Desing of Sacha Inchi Descapsulator Machine, in the Juní...IRJET Journal
1) The document proposes the design of a machine to decapsulate sacha inchi seeds in the Junin region of Peru. Currently, sacha inchi processing is done manually in an inefficient way.
2) The designed machine consists of a square structure with a hopper funnel for feeding seeds. It has a rotating shaft with fins inside a cylinder to remove seed capsules. Processed seeds are sorted from debris.
3) Testing showed the machine can process 12kg of seeds in 2 minutes, much faster than manual processing. This will improve efficiency and income for local farmers.
DESIGN AND FE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID MOTOR CYCLE HELMETAM Publications
The present work deals with the geometrical development of the existing helmet using CAD software tool and then the structural analysis of the existing model using ANSYS workbench linear analysis and the results, deformation, stress, strain plots was been compared with well established results. Then the alternative model with other combinations was been developed and analyzed for the structural analysis and the results was been compared with the existing helmet. At the end the helmet with superior strength, characteristics with low material cost will be achieved through the research.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COTTON SEED SEPARATION MACHINE BY USING RELIABILITY IN...Journal For Research
During the last some years in the world most particularly in the India as the cotton sector is progressing with high efficiently, significant technological advancement have taken place for the improvement in the process of ginning to increase the production of cotton fibre and to preserve the intrinsic quality of cotton fibre obtaining the maximum staple length of fibre without damaging of seed, producing lint free of trash and contaminants at the lowest cost per unit ginned. The function of the gin is to separate lint from gin to create two marketable products, fibre and seed. In order to improve the performance of ginning machines, it is necessary in improvement of the different parameters related to this machine to get the better result. The main objective of this paper is that processes/products are made for designing and analysis point of view so that the fatigue behaviour will be increases against all variations. As well as reliability testing is conducted for the better result for performance of the machine .The primary goal is to keep the variance in the output very low even in the presence of noise inputs. To find most effective parameter of the cotton seed separation machine and improve the performance of the cotton seed separation machine. These improvements are aimed at improving the desired characteristics and simultaneously reducing the number of defects by studying the key variables controlling the process and optimizing the procedures or design to yield the best results.
ENRICHING CREATIVE ENGINEERING PRODUCTS AS HIGH QUALITY AND COMPETITIVE WITH ...AM Publications
Improving quality and competitiveness is the goal of every small and medium industry in the production of granite materials. The constraints of small and medium industries are (1) production process infrastructure; (2) the production process is not regular; (3) control of products that tend to be loose; (4) mindset tends to be short-term oriented; (5) product sales orientation limited to the local market.The research objective is to find effective and efficient machining parameters, analyze factors that influence surface roughness, and enrich the variety of creative product designs of marble stone materials. This study uses an experimental method approach which is a study to find the effect of spindle rotation variables, infeed speed, infeed depth on the quality of surface roughness by operating the CNC Machine Router 3-Axis. It was found that the the following parameters of the machine are cutting speed machining 30 (m / min), spindle rotation 12000 (rpm), and speed / feed rate 2000 (mm / min). Analysis of factors that influence the surface roughness of marble engraver the higher the speed / rate of infeed and the depth of infeed, the higher the surface roughness value of marble. Computer and engineering software applications are able to increase the variety of creative product designs.
IRJET-Design and Fabrication of Seed Sowing MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a seed sowing machine. It aims to provide an efficient seed sowing process that saves time and reduces labor costs compared to traditional manual methods. The machine is designed to perform multiple agricultural operations including softening soil, seed bed preparation, seed sowing, and leveling soil. It consists of components like a frame, engine, seed hopper, circular plates, and furrow openers that are powered by a chain and sprocket mechanism to rotate and distribute seeds onto prepared fields. The document presents the working principle, CAD models of components, specifications, conclusions that the machine meets needs of small farmers through reduced labor and time.
Similar to Production of Chips of Porang (Amorphophallus Oncophyllus) by Slicing Machine With Rotating Double Cutters (20)
DEVELOPMENT OF TODDLER FAMILY CADRE TRAINING BASED ON ANDROID APPLICATIONS IN...AM Publications
Toddler family cadre is a community members work voluntarily in fostering and providing information to parents of toddlers about how to properly care for children. Toddler Family cadre desperately need training to increase their skills. There are still a few Toddler family cadres who get training so that the knowledge and skills of parents and other family members in developing toddlers' growth through physical stimulation, motoric intelligence, emotional and social economy as well as possible are still lacking. The purpose of this study is to develop an Android- assisted Toddler family cadre training model in Demak. This research is research in tian research and development. The research location was in Demak Regency. Toddler family cadres became the object of this research. Development of Toddler family cadre training models assisted by Android in Demak is feasible to be used as an effort to improve Toddler Family cadres' capabilities.
TESTING OF COMPOSITE ON DROP-WEIGHT IMPACT TESTING AND DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION ...AM Publications
In recent years the use of composite materials in structural components has become increasingly common in a wide range of engineering applications. Composite materials offer numerous advantages over more conventional materials because of their superior specific properties, but a serious obstacle to a more widespread use of these materials is their high sensitivity to localized impact loading. This paper presents an experimental study to assess the impact response of drop weight impact tests on fiber reinforced polymer composites with deferent load and damage identification of composite using Non-destructive testing techniques ultrasonic testing (UT) C scan. In the study includes checking the strength of the specimen, plotting of graphs between the height and the impact energy obtained and tabulating the results after conducting the various functional tests.
THE USE OF FRACTAL GEOMETRY IN TILING MOTIF DESIGNAM Publications
In this paper I will present the use of fractal geometry to design tile motifs. A fractal is a geometric figure that combines the several characteristics among others: its parts have the same form as the whole, fragmented, and formation by iteration. The concept of fractals has been spread over all fields of sciences, technology, and art. This paper aims to provide an algorithm to creating motifs of tile algorithm for create the tile motif consists of base, iteration, coloration and duplication. In order to help the reader better understand the algorithm, I will present some script using Matlab. We describe a mathematically based algorithm that can fill a spatial region with sequence of randomly placed which may be transformed copies of one motif or several motifs. By using this algorithm, I can produce thousand variety of aesthetically pleasing tile motifs, of which we show a number of examples.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL INVERSION FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA: CA...AM Publications
Two-dimensional resistivity analysis of magnetotelluric data has been done at “Z” geothermal area which is located in southern part of Indonesia. The objective is to understand subsurface structure beneath reasearch area based on 2-D modeling of magnetotelluric data. The inversion finite element method were used for numerical simulations which requires discretization on the boundary of the modeling domain. The modeling results of magnetotelluric data shows relativity structure dissemination: 0-10 ohm.m in a thickness of 1 km (Clay Cap), 10-100 ohm.m with 1-2 km depth respectively (reservoir zone), and on a scale of 100-1000 ohm.m in a depth of 2-3 km (heat source zone). The result of relativity structure can be used to delineate an area with geothermal prospect around 12 km2.
USING THE GENETIC ALGORITHM TO OPTIMIZE LASER WELDING PARAMETERS FOR MARTENSI...AM Publications
This document presents an optimization of laser welding parameters for martensitic stainless steel using a genetic algorithm. The algorithm aims to minimize the difference between the actual and desired weld size (width and depth) by optimizing laser power, welding speed, and fiber diameter. The genetic algorithm was run 10 times with a population of 30 over 200 iterations each time. The results showed errors between optimized and experimental values of less than 5% for the parameters. The study demonstrates that genetic algorithms can effectively optimize laser welding parameters to achieve a preset weld size.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN E-MARKETPLACE FOR MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISESAM Publications
The Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises launched in 2018 the number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia as many as 58.97 million people. It is predicted that the number of MSMEs players in 2019 will amount to 59.2 million. This shows that the Indonesian people have made changes in the field of family economics which initially as consumptive are now productive. The community prefers to carry out activities that can increase family income. Future MSMEs remain the mainstay of the national economy. In accordance with the government roadmap, in 2020 e-commerce transactions are predicted to reach Rp1,300 trillion or equivalent to USD130 billion. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the contribution of MSMEs to Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached 61.41%, with the number of MSMEs reaching almost 60 million units. However, only around 8% or 3.79 million of the 59.2 million MSMEs players have used online platforms to market their products. Based on the above problems, researchers conducted research on the analysis and display of E-Marketplace for MSMEs in Indonesia. The type of research used is action research. The object of research is MSMEs which are under the Office of Industry and Trade of Sragen Regency. The method of data collection is by techniques: (1) interview, (2) documentation (3) observation, (4) literature study. The researcher uses the waterfall method in developing the system. The research team has successfully analyzed the E-Market place according to the results of data collection. The research team has succeeded in designing the E-Marketplace for MSMEs. E-Marketplace designed can be used by admin, MSME and user. Admin is in charge of managing E-Marketplace and has full access rights. MSMEs can register online and manage their products in E-Marketplace. Users or buyers can search data in E-Marketplace as desired. To make transactions, users can interact directly with MSMEs according to the data provided in E-Marketplace. E-Marketplace can be used for marketing together MSMEs products. This e-marketplace can be accessed at www.umkmonline.com
REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AM Publications
Remote sensing technology's increasing accessibility helps us observe research and learn about our globe in ways we could only imagine a generation ago. Guides to profound knowledge of historical, conceptual and practical uses of remote sensing which is increasing GIS technology. This paper will go briefly through remote sensing benefits, history, technology and the GIS and remote sensing integration and their applications. Remote sensing (RS) is used in mapping the predicted and actual species and dominates the ecosystem canopy.
EVALUATE THE STRAIN ENERGY ERROR FOR THE LASER WELD BY THE H-REFINEMENT OF TH...AM Publications
Currently, the finite element method (FEM) is still one of the useful tools in numerical simulation for technical problems. With this method, a continuum model presented by a certain number of elements with a simple approximation field causes the presence of discretization error in solutions. This paper considers the butt weld by laser which subjected the tension for AISI 1018 steel highness 8 mm. The aim of the study is to use the h-refinement of the FEM in estimation the strain energy error for the laser weld mentioned. The results show that the stability of the h-refinement shown by the value of the relative error of the strain energy is quite small, specifically; FEM is less than 5.7% and extra is no more than 3.7%.
HMM APPLICATION IN ISOLATED WORD SPEECH RECOGNITIONAM Publications
Speech recognition is always being an all-time trendy topic for discussion and also for researches and we see a major application in our life. This paper provides the work done on the application of Hidden Markov model to implement isolated word speech recognition on MATLAB and to develop and train the system for set of self-selective words for specific user (user dependent) to get maximum efficiency in word recognition system. Which uses the forward and Baum-welch algorithm and fitting Gaussian of the Baum-welch algorithm for all the iteration perform. We use a sample of 7 alphabets which are recorded in 15 different ways giving total of 105 word to use for training with each word with 15 variations. This system can be used in real world in system security using voice security system and mainly for children and impaired people.
PEDESTRIAN DETECTION IN LOW RESOLUTION VIDEOS USING A MULTI-FRAME HOG-BASED D...AM Publications
Detecting pedestrians in low resolution videos is a challenging task, due to the small size of pedestrians in the images and the limited information. In practical outdoor surveillance scenarios the pedestrian size is usually small. Existing state-of-the-art pedestrian detection methods that use histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) features have poor performance in this problem domain. To compensate for the lack of information in a single frame, we propose a novel detection method that recognizes pedestrians in a short sequence of frames. Namely, we take the single-frame HOG-based detector and extend it to multiple frames. Our detector is applied to regions containing potential moving objects. In the case of video taken from a moving camera on an aerial platform, video stabilization is first performed to register the frames. A classifier is then applied to features extracted from spatio-temporal volumes surrounding the potential moving objects. On challenging stationary and aerial video datasets, our detection accuracy outperforms several state-of-the-art algorithms.
The aim of this paper is to help the blind people to identify and catch the public transport vehicles with the help of Light Fidelity technology. It is a Navigation aid. When the bus arrives at the bus stand, transmitter in the bus transmits the light signals and receiver in the stick, receives the light signals and a sound signal is generated through the speaker present in the stick. The sound message contains the bus number and the destination of the bus. In addition to this, if the person is absconded or lost, details of the location will be sent to his/her family members by pressing a button. This is made possible with the help of Global System for Mobile (GSM). Finally, presence of water can be detected along the blind person’s path, with the help of water sensors.
EFFECT OF SILICON - RUBBER (SR) SHEETS AS AN ALTERNATIVE FILTER ON HIGH AND L...AM Publications
A digital radiography delivers a radiation dose to patients; therefore it poses potential risk to the patients. One effort to reduce dose is carried out using a radiation filter, e.g. Silicone Rubber (SR) sheet. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of the SR sheet on the high contrast objects (HCO) and the low contrast objects (LCO). The dose reduction was determined from attenuation x-rays before and after using the SR sheet. Assessment of HCO and LCO was observed from CDR TOR phantom at tube voltage of 48 kVp and tube current of 8 mAs. The physical parameter to assess image quality was the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) value in LCO. The maximum x-ray attenuation using the SR sheet is 48.82%. The visibility of the HCO remains the same, namely 16 objects; however the LCO slighly decreases from 14 objects to 13 objects after using the SR sheet. The SNR value decreases with an average value of 15.17%.Therefore, the SR sheet as a alternative filter has no effect on the HCO and has realtively little effect on the LCO. Thus, the SR sheet potentially is used for radiation protection in patients, especially on examinations that do not require low contrast resolution.
UTILIZATION OF IMMUNIZATION SERVICES AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE I...AM Publications
Immunization is the key strategy to curb communicable diseases which are the number one killer of children under five. Immunization prevents mortalities of approximating three million children under five annually. This study aimed to assess utilization of immunization services among children under five of age in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.
REPRESENTATION OF THE BLOCK DATA ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM IN AN ANALYTICAL FORM F...AM Publications
The article presents the study of cryptographic transformations of the Kuznyechik algorithm in relation to differential analysis and the translation of their representations into a more convenient form for cryptanalysis. A simplification of the type of transformations of the algorithm to algebraic the form, in which cryptanalysis software will be more effective. Since the description of the algorithm in the analytical form allows for 16 cycles of execution of the shift register with linear feedback, each of which will be carried out 16 operations of multiplication and 15 operations of addition, reduced to 16 multiplying and 15 the operations of addition. The result is an algebraic form of a linear transformation (from a shift register with linear feedback to the multiplication of the matrix in a finite field). In the future, the algebraic type of transformation can be used to effectively carry out differential cryptanalysis.
Optical character recognition (OCR) is process of classification of optical patterns contained in a digital image. The process of OCR Recognition involves several steps including pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification. Pre-processing is for done the basic operation on input image like noise reduction which remove the noisy signal from image. Segmentation stage for segment the given image into line by line and segment each character from segmented line. Future extraction calculates the characteristics of character. A Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) is used to classification contains the database and does the comparison.
Surveillance refers to the task of observing a scene, often for lengthy periods in search of particular objects or particular behaviour. This task has many applications, foremost among them is security (monitoring for undesirable behaviour such as theft or vandalism), but increasing numbers of others in areas such as agriculture also exist. Historically, closed circuit TV (CCTV) surveillance has been mundane and labour Intensive, involving personnel scanning multiple screens, but the advent of reasonably priced fast hardware means that automatic surveillance is becoming a realistic task to attempt in real time. Several attempts at this are underway.
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS DISPERSION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAM Publications
Interest in air pollution investigation of urban environment due to existence of industrial and commercial activities along with vehicular emission and existence of buildings and streets which setup natural barrier for pollutant dispersion in the urban environment has increased. The air pollution modelling is a multidisciplinary subject when the entire cities are taken under consideration where urban planning and geometries are complex which needs a large software packages to be developed like Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), California Line Source model (CALINE series) etc. On overviewing various works it can be summarized that the air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons and all linked phenomenon such as wind flow, pollutant concentrations, temperature distribution etc. generally depend on wind speed and direction, building heights and density, road width, source and intensity of air pollution, meteorological variables like temperature, humidity etc. A unique and surprising case is observed every time on numerous combinations of these factors. The main aim of this study is to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion for given pollutant like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and given atmospheric conditions like wind speed and direction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for analysing the atmospheric pollutant dispersion is done after natural airflow analysis. Volume rendering is done for variables such as phase 2 volume fraction and velocity with resolution as 250 pixels per inch and transparency as 20%. It can be observed that all the three pollutant namely nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide the phase 2 volume fraction changes from 0 to 1. The wind velocity changes from 3.395×10-13 m/s to 1.692×102 m/s. The dispersion of pollutants follow the sequence Sulphur dioxide>Carbon monoxide>Nitrogen dioxide.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF WOOL KERATIN BASED CHITOSAN NANOFIBERS FOR AIR ...AM Publications
In this article, we have extracted keratin from deccani wool waste and prepared the wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers by electrospinning technique. The prepared nanofibers mat were prepared with different weight percent ratio like 1wt.%, 3wt.% and 5wt.% with respect to polymer i.e Chitosan. The physicochemical and filtration properties of wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were studied. Wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The filtration efficiency of keratin Chitosan nanofibers were investigated through DOP test and heavy metal removal capacity of evaluated through Atomic absorption spectroscopy. FTIR results were showed that Keratin gets compatible with Chitosan. XRD patterns revealed keratin was in crystalline nature and increase the crystalline nature of Chitosan nanofibers. FESEM images showed that uniform nanofibers generation with average fiber diameter 80nm. Nanofibers filtration efficiency against a particulate matter in air was obtained more than 99.53% and excellent property of removal of heavy metal.
ANALYSIS ON LOAD BALANCING ALGORITHMS IMPLEMENTATION ON CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIR...AM Publications
Cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the Internet instead of your computer's hard drive. The cloud is just a metaphor for the Internet. The elements involved in cloud computing are clients, data center and distributed server. One of the main problems in cloud computing is load balancing. Balancing the load means to distribute the workload among several nodes evenly so that no single node will be overloaded. Load can be of any type that is it can be CPU load, memory capacity or network load. In this paper we presented an architecture of load balancing and algorithm which will further improve the load balancing problem by minimizing the response time. In this paper, we have proposed the enhanced version of existing regulated load balancing approach for cloud computing by comping the Randomization and greedy load balancing algorithm. To check the performance of proposed approach, we have used the cloud analyst simulator (Cloud Analyst). Through simulation analysis, it has been found that proposed improved version of regulated load balancing approach has shown better performance in terms of cost, response time and data processing time.
A MODEL BASED APPROACH FOR IMPLEMENTING WLAN SECURITY AM Publications
This paper presents various security features and configurations commonly implemented in WLANs and their aggregated security levels and then proposes a model that enables implementation and evaluation of WLAN security
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.