This document reviews various pavement condition rating models used globally to quantify the condition of flexible pavements. It discusses several models including the Present Serviceability Index (PSI), Pavement Condition Index (PCI), Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) method, and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) model. The PCI model is highlighted as it uses deduct values and weighting factors to incorporate distress type, severity, and amount into a single 0-100 index score. The review aims to evaluate different agency models and help refine guidelines for determining the pavement condition index in India.
This document discusses evaluating the characteristics of existing flexible pavements through non-destructive testing methods. It provides background on the increasing usage of road infrastructure globally and the need to evaluate pavement strength and durability. The document focuses on using the Benkelman Beam test to measure pavement deflections under load and analyze structural capacity. It reviews several past studies that have evaluated relationships between Benkelman Beam test results and other testing methods and explored using deflection measurements to determine rehabilitation needs.
IRJET - Review on Performance Study on Mastic Asphalt at Rotary SectionIRJET Journal
This document reviews the performance of mastic asphalt as a wearing surface at rotary sections in Chandigarh, India. It aims to measure distresses on mastic asphalt at selected rotaries, compare their performance based on distress levels and traffic volumes, and suggest remedial measures. The methodology involves identifying rotaries with mastic asphalt, selecting three for analysis based on traffic and distress, collecting data on distresses and road/traffic characteristics, testing mastic asphalt samples for properties, comparing performance between sections, and recommending improvements. The study will help predict mastic asphalt's lifespan and hardness over time to reduce maintenance costs and improve safety.
This document provides an overview of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), including its purpose, design approach, and terminology. It describes the MEPDG as a new pavement design methodology developed based on engineering mechanics and validated with performance data. The MEPDG predicts key pavement performance indicators using mechanistic-empirical models and can design both flexible and rigid pavements. It represents a change from the empirical approaches used in previous versions of the AASHTO pavement design guide.
IRJET- Analysis of Structural Deformation in Flexible Pavement using KENLAYER...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the plastic deformation of unbound granular materials used in the base and sub-base layers of flexible pavements under variable cyclic loads and dry densities using the KENLAYER computer program. Field samples were taken from 5 different road categories and tested in the lab to determine properties like density, thickness and resilient modulus. The KENLAYER program was then used to model pavement responses like stresses, strains and deformation under different load repetitions and dry densities. The results aim to study how plastic deformation is affected by load repetitions and dry density to better understand rutting performance of the granular materials.
This document provides a project report on the design of a flexible pavement for the SDITS campus. It was submitted by a team of 5 civil engineering students at Shri Dadaji Institute of Technology and Science in Khandwa, India, in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Engineering degree. The report includes chapters on literature review, proposed methodology, surveying and leveling of the site, laboratory tests conducted, design and results, conclusions, and references. The team conducted a topographic survey of the existing road, took soil samples for testing, designed the pavement structure using the California Bearing Ratio method, and provided a cost estimate for constructing the flexible pavement on the SDITS campus.
Critical Appraisal of Pavement Design of Ohio Department of Transportation (O...Pranamesh Chakraborty
This document provides an overview of the Ohio Department of Transportation's (ODOT) pavement design method. It discusses the basic factors considered in design, including serviceability, subgrade characterization, traffic loading, reliability, and drainage. The ODOT method is based on the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Guide, using a regression relationship between load cycles, pavement structural capacity, and performance. It considers traffic loads in terms of equivalent single axle loads and uses reliability levels depending on road importance. Rigid and flexible pavement designs are outlined, including parameters considered and thickness design processes. Limitations of the current ODOT method are also discussed.
IRJET- A Study on Transient Analysis of Bridge Deck Slab Under the Action of ...IRJET Journal
1. The study analyzes the modal and transient response of bridge deck slabs subjected to moving loads using finite element analysis in ANSYS.
2. Modal analysis was conducted on bridge deck slab models with varying dimensions to determine their natural frequencies. Transient analysis was then performed under IRC class vehicle loads to calculate stresses, strains, and deflections.
3. The results showed that natural frequencies increased with greater slab depth. Stresses, strains, and deflections also varied depending on slab dimension and load properties like velocity. Finite element modeling in ANSYS proved effective for simulating the dynamic behavior of bridge deck slabs under moving loads.
IRJET- Optimization of Process Parameters of Submerged ARC WeldingIRJET Journal
This document reviews strengthening and drainage of flexible pavements. It discusses how flexible pavements need to withstand wheel loads and stresses from traffic and weather. The study focuses on strengthening 16.7 km of road from Raipur rani to Naraingarh by analyzing existing conditions, collecting traffic and pavement data, and designing an overlay. It also looks at improving the road's drainage system to quickly discharge surface water and prevent issues like flooding or soft subgrades. Good drainage is important for road safety and maintenance. The document reviews literature on factors like load frequency and size that impact pavement stresses and deterioration. It also discusses frameworks for quantifying the effect of drainage quality on pavement performance.
This document discusses evaluating the characteristics of existing flexible pavements through non-destructive testing methods. It provides background on the increasing usage of road infrastructure globally and the need to evaluate pavement strength and durability. The document focuses on using the Benkelman Beam test to measure pavement deflections under load and analyze structural capacity. It reviews several past studies that have evaluated relationships between Benkelman Beam test results and other testing methods and explored using deflection measurements to determine rehabilitation needs.
IRJET - Review on Performance Study on Mastic Asphalt at Rotary SectionIRJET Journal
This document reviews the performance of mastic asphalt as a wearing surface at rotary sections in Chandigarh, India. It aims to measure distresses on mastic asphalt at selected rotaries, compare their performance based on distress levels and traffic volumes, and suggest remedial measures. The methodology involves identifying rotaries with mastic asphalt, selecting three for analysis based on traffic and distress, collecting data on distresses and road/traffic characteristics, testing mastic asphalt samples for properties, comparing performance between sections, and recommending improvements. The study will help predict mastic asphalt's lifespan and hardness over time to reduce maintenance costs and improve safety.
This document provides an overview of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), including its purpose, design approach, and terminology. It describes the MEPDG as a new pavement design methodology developed based on engineering mechanics and validated with performance data. The MEPDG predicts key pavement performance indicators using mechanistic-empirical models and can design both flexible and rigid pavements. It represents a change from the empirical approaches used in previous versions of the AASHTO pavement design guide.
IRJET- Analysis of Structural Deformation in Flexible Pavement using KENLAYER...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the plastic deformation of unbound granular materials used in the base and sub-base layers of flexible pavements under variable cyclic loads and dry densities using the KENLAYER computer program. Field samples were taken from 5 different road categories and tested in the lab to determine properties like density, thickness and resilient modulus. The KENLAYER program was then used to model pavement responses like stresses, strains and deformation under different load repetitions and dry densities. The results aim to study how plastic deformation is affected by load repetitions and dry density to better understand rutting performance of the granular materials.
This document provides a project report on the design of a flexible pavement for the SDITS campus. It was submitted by a team of 5 civil engineering students at Shri Dadaji Institute of Technology and Science in Khandwa, India, in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Engineering degree. The report includes chapters on literature review, proposed methodology, surveying and leveling of the site, laboratory tests conducted, design and results, conclusions, and references. The team conducted a topographic survey of the existing road, took soil samples for testing, designed the pavement structure using the California Bearing Ratio method, and provided a cost estimate for constructing the flexible pavement on the SDITS campus.
Critical Appraisal of Pavement Design of Ohio Department of Transportation (O...Pranamesh Chakraborty
This document provides an overview of the Ohio Department of Transportation's (ODOT) pavement design method. It discusses the basic factors considered in design, including serviceability, subgrade characterization, traffic loading, reliability, and drainage. The ODOT method is based on the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Guide, using a regression relationship between load cycles, pavement structural capacity, and performance. It considers traffic loads in terms of equivalent single axle loads and uses reliability levels depending on road importance. Rigid and flexible pavement designs are outlined, including parameters considered and thickness design processes. Limitations of the current ODOT method are also discussed.
IRJET- A Study on Transient Analysis of Bridge Deck Slab Under the Action of ...IRJET Journal
1. The study analyzes the modal and transient response of bridge deck slabs subjected to moving loads using finite element analysis in ANSYS.
2. Modal analysis was conducted on bridge deck slab models with varying dimensions to determine their natural frequencies. Transient analysis was then performed under IRC class vehicle loads to calculate stresses, strains, and deflections.
3. The results showed that natural frequencies increased with greater slab depth. Stresses, strains, and deflections also varied depending on slab dimension and load properties like velocity. Finite element modeling in ANSYS proved effective for simulating the dynamic behavior of bridge deck slabs under moving loads.
IRJET- Optimization of Process Parameters of Submerged ARC WeldingIRJET Journal
This document reviews strengthening and drainage of flexible pavements. It discusses how flexible pavements need to withstand wheel loads and stresses from traffic and weather. The study focuses on strengthening 16.7 km of road from Raipur rani to Naraingarh by analyzing existing conditions, collecting traffic and pavement data, and designing an overlay. It also looks at improving the road's drainage system to quickly discharge surface water and prevent issues like flooding or soft subgrades. Good drainage is important for road safety and maintenance. The document reviews literature on factors like load frequency and size that impact pavement stresses and deterioration. It also discusses frameworks for quantifying the effect of drainage quality on pavement performance.
IRJET- Development of EDC Software for Economic Analysis of PavementsIRJET Journal
An EDC (Economic Design and Costing) software was developed to analyze and compare the life cycle costs of flexible and rigid pavement options. The software allows users to input various design parameters and generates pavement designs and cost estimates. Equations were developed relating pavement cost to soil strength and traffic levels. Analysis showed flexible pavements are more economical for lower traffic volumes, while rigid pavements are cheaper for higher traffic and weaker soils. A threshold line on a graph delineates conditions where each pavement type has equal cost and is the optimal choice. The software provides a tool to efficiently evaluate pavement economics for given roadway conditions.
Behaviour of pavement quality concrete with reclaimed asphalt pavement aggreg...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study on the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregates in pavement quality concrete. The study investigated how replacing natural aggregates with RAP aggregates at different percentages (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%) impacted the strength and durability properties of the concrete. Specimens were tested to determine compressive strength, flexural strength, workability and fatigue resistance. Test results showed that mixes with 25% RAP replacement achieved strength properties closest to normal concrete. A mix with 75% natural aggregate and 25% RAP aggregate was identified as a feasible option for use in concrete pavements based on its strength performance.
Determining equivalent single wheel load.(ESWL) Imran Nawaz
This document discusses methods for determining equivalent single wheel loads (ESWL) and equivalent single axle loads (ESAL) for pavement design. ESWL is defined as the load from a single tire that causes the same stresses/strains as a multi-wheel load. Methods include equal stress, LCN, and FAA approaches. ESAL quantifies the effect of varying axle loads as a number of standard single axle loads. Factors like thickness and subgrade reaction are considered. Cars have minimal impact compared to trucks and buses.
Impact of Vehicle Class and Tire Pressure on Pavement Performance in MEPDGIJERA Editor
The new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) design and analysis procedures defines
the exact traffic loading by defining the specific number of each vehicle class and the use of axle load
distribution factors instead of the equivalent single axle load (ESAL). The number of traffic inputs (parameters)
in MEPDG was found to be 17024. This research aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of the predicted flexible
pavement distress to vehicle class and tire pressure in MEPDG. To evaluate the impact of vehicle (truck) class
on pavement sections, different cases of loading were analyzed. For each case, the MEPDG Ver. 1.1 was used to
evaluate the effect of tire pressure by solving each case for a tire pressure of 120 and 140 psi. The effect of the
traffic parameters on asphalt pavement (AC) rutting, base rutting, subgrade rutting, international roughness
index (IRI), longitudinal cracking and fatigue (alligator) cracking were investigated.
It was found that vehicle class distribution (VCD) would cause clear impact (comparable to the effect of
AADTT level) only if the major traffic is of specific class (very light or very heavy). If this is not the case, the
vehicle class distribution will not be a significant factor that affects the final design because most of the trucks
had similar impact on flexible pavement distresses. The impact of tire pressure is clear on longitudinal cracking,
fatigue cracking and AC rutting, and have no significant impact on both base and subgrade rutting.
This 3 sentence summary provides the key details from the given document:
The document discusses three common rock mass classification systems used in underground mine design in Canada - RQD, RMR, and Q system. It reviews how the systems have evolved over time, including modifications to parameters and ratings. The accurate determination and estimation of parameters for each system, and the potential errors that can arise, are also examined.
Analysis of rc bridge decks for selected national a nd internationalstandard ...eSAT Journals
The document analyzes the effects of different national and international standard loadings on reinforced concrete bridge decks using finite element modeling. 36 bridge deck models of slab bridges and T-beam bridges were analyzed under loadings from IRC, AASHTO, and Eurocode standards. The results show maximum differences of 5-15% in deflection and bending moment between IRC loadings, and 5-17% difference for AASHTO loading compared to IRC. Eurocode loading causes increases of 1.7-1.8 times for slab bridges and 1.3-2.2 times for T-beam bridges over IRC due to higher load magnitudes. Transverse and torsional responses also vary significantly between standards.
Analysis of rc bridge decks for selected national and internationalstandard l...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Efficiency of vertical drains using finite element method may 2017Dr Mazin Alhamrany
Incorporating one-dimensional bar elements with two-dimensional quadrilateral axisymmetrical elements to tackle problems of consolidation of clay with vertical drains.
Evaluation of Flexible Pavement: ReviewsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study evaluating the condition of a flexible pavement section from K-7 to Vavol in India. A visual survey found that 30% of the 4 km pavement was in good condition, with the remaining 70% in fair or poor condition. Traffic volumes along the route were also measured, with the highest traffic on Mondays. The study aims to further evaluate the pavement structure using a Benkelman Beam deflection test to determine the required overlay thickness. Previous literature on evaluating flexible pavement using visual surveys, Benkelman Beam testing, and rehabilitation techniques is also reviewed to support the objectives of determining the structural adequacy of the pavement and appropriate rehabilitation actions.
Chassis mounted structures provide a levelled base to the transport vehicles intended for on-road and off-road driving. These structures acts as cushioning elements to sophisticated cargos like intelligent tracking systems placed in shelters’ closed environment. These structures need sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the load variations arising from tire-road interactions during rough road travel. Such structures need special attention during the design phase itself in order to improve the specified payload carrying capacity with optimized dimensions. Present paper focuses on formulation of a specialized structure mounted on chassis intended to carry shelters. A scaled prototype is manufactured and tested for different grade-load combinations. This is done through experimental strain measurement and analysis of the results. The data is acquired for nine different load magnitudes and is categorised into three sets as low, moderate and high magnitudes. Interrelation between the stress/strain values acquired during each load and gradient state is developed. The structure behaviour is hypothesized through the gradient strain measurement outcomes. Major design concerns include the spacing & orientation of cross-members, load locations on the structure and the road profiles. Cross-country and rough road terrain behavior of the structure is attempted in present work.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Estimation of IRI from PCI in Construction Work ZonesIDES Editor
Roughness is good evaluator of performance of road.
This paper presents a case study of IRI (International
Roughness Index) estimation at NH 67 during four laning of
Trichy - Tanjavur section. An attempt has been made to
evaluate the IRI of construction work zones using Levenberg-
Marquardt back-propagation training algorithm. A MATLAB
based model is developed, and the data from the case study are
used to train and test the developed model to predict IRI. The
models’ performances are evaluated through Correlation
coefficient (R2) and Mean Square Error (MSE).
Analysis of Shear Live Load Girder Distribution Factors in Integral bridges u...IJCMESJOURNAL
This paper studies the accuracy of AASHTO Standard Specifications and AASHTO LRFD design specifications girder distribution factors (GDFs) equations and their applicability to integral abutment bridges (IABs). A three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of the Scotch Road integral abutment bridge was developed using the finite element software ABAQUS/Cae. The bridge was subjected to vehicular live loading in single and multiple lanes in the FE model(s). The FE model was calibrated using load-displacement data obtained from field testing due to static truck loading. A comparison between the GDFs obtained from the FE models to those computed using both design codes was performed to evaluate their accuracy. A limited parametric study was conducted to evaluate crucial design parameters such as bridge deck thickness, span length, and piles lengths. The results showed that AASHTO LRFD GDFs equations are more conservative compared to those of AASHTO LFD equations in all cases. However, GDFs from the FE models compared more favorably to those calculated based on both design codes for the case single lane loading.
STABILITY ASSESSMENT OF STEEL MOMENT FRAMES AGAINST PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSEcivej
Analyzing progressive collapse plays a pivotal role in diagnosing structure stability caused by earthquake,
explosion, car crashes, and fire and so on. In the current research, condition of progressive collapse has
been analyzed in structures which have been designed based on current codes in Iran. For this purpose, a
couple of steel buildings with steel moment frame systems that have many stories and various bay, have
been evaluated. With sudden removal of each column, the possibility of bridging over other elements has
been studied; besides, alternative path method introduced by the UFC 4-023-03 code has been applied in
the assessment process. Results indicate that the beams located on the highest floor do not have a suitable
performance and in case of sudden removal of each of the columns, it will be impossible to bridge overother elements and it will face collapse and progressive collapse in spite of the fact that other members are
resistant against the collapse.
This document discusses various methods for evaluating existing bridges, including visual inspection, load testing, structural health monitoring, non-destructive evaluation, and finite element modeling. Visual inspection is the primary and most common method, but it is subjective. Load testing is used to determine safe loading levels. Structural health monitoring uses sensors to monitor structural response over time. Non-destructive evaluation enables detection of deterioration without damaging the structure. Finite element modeling provides a more accurate approach than traditional methods by accounting for factors like material properties and cracking.
This document presents the results of a parametric study to optimize the design of post-tensioned concrete box-girder pedestrian bridges with main spans ranging from 30 to 60 meters. An optimization algorithm called SAMO2 was used to minimize the cost by varying 33 design variables related to geometry, materials, and construction. The optimal solutions showed that depth and number of prestressing strands correlated with main span length, while slab thicknesses generally took minimum allowed values. Increasing the main span by 1 meter on average increased total cost by 6.38 euros per square meter. Concrete strength varied between 35 to 55 MPa but tended to increase with longer spans.
Performance Evaluation of Rigid PavementsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study evaluating the performance of cement concrete and rigid pavement test stretches in rural India. Nine test stretches were selected across varying conditions and evaluated based on pavement roughness, distress levels like cracking and scaling, and ratings by panels. International roughness index, pavement condition index, and present serviceability index equations were developed based on roughness and distress data to assess pavement condition. The results will help determine appropriate maintenance to increase road service life.
Determination And Collation Of Pavement Condition Index Based On Indian Road ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that determined and compared the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) of selected roads in Jalgaon City, India using two different methods from the Indian Road Congress (IRC) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The researchers inspected 10 urban road sections with a total length of 18 km. They recorded various types of pavement distresses and calculated the PCI for each section using the IRC and ASTM methods. Both methods produced similar PCI results. The study aims to evaluate pavement performance and develop a PCI prediction model based on distress types and intensities to help identify maintenance and rehabilitation needs of roads in Jalgaon City.
Design of flexible pavement using experimental and software approachIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the design of flexible pavements using experimental and software approaches. It begins with an introduction to flexible pavements and their composition of layers. It then outlines the objectives of using California Bearing Ratio (CBR) testing and IIT PAVE software to design a flexible pavement. The design procedure is described step-by-step, including determining CBR value, traffic data, selecting trial layer depths from codes, calculating layer properties like resilient modulus, and determining allowable strain criteria for rutting and fatigue analysis. Finally, the selected pavement structure is analyzed using IIT PAVE software by inputting layer properties and dimensions, load parameters, and analyzing output parameters like stresses, strains, and deflections
Investigation and Improvement of Road Pavement Section for Rankuva Crossing t...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study investigating and proposing improvements to the road pavement section from Rankuva Crossing to Chikhali-Vansda Road in India. The study aims to analyze the existing road conditions, identify causes of deterioration, and develop a maintenance strategy. Data collection includes visual inspections and tests to evaluate stresses and deflections. Analysis shows the road experiences high commercial traffic volumes beyond its intended design capacity from a nearby quarry. Stretches between 3.5-4.5 km and 5-6 km are found to be in poor condition with cracking, rutting, and potholes. The concluded maintenance strategy involves structural improvements like overlays to strengthen the pavement for current overloaded traffic conditions.
IRJET- Development of EDC Software for Economic Analysis of PavementsIRJET Journal
An EDC (Economic Design and Costing) software was developed to analyze and compare the life cycle costs of flexible and rigid pavement options. The software allows users to input various design parameters and generates pavement designs and cost estimates. Equations were developed relating pavement cost to soil strength and traffic levels. Analysis showed flexible pavements are more economical for lower traffic volumes, while rigid pavements are cheaper for higher traffic and weaker soils. A threshold line on a graph delineates conditions where each pavement type has equal cost and is the optimal choice. The software provides a tool to efficiently evaluate pavement economics for given roadway conditions.
Behaviour of pavement quality concrete with reclaimed asphalt pavement aggreg...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study on the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregates in pavement quality concrete. The study investigated how replacing natural aggregates with RAP aggregates at different percentages (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%) impacted the strength and durability properties of the concrete. Specimens were tested to determine compressive strength, flexural strength, workability and fatigue resistance. Test results showed that mixes with 25% RAP replacement achieved strength properties closest to normal concrete. A mix with 75% natural aggregate and 25% RAP aggregate was identified as a feasible option for use in concrete pavements based on its strength performance.
Determining equivalent single wheel load.(ESWL) Imran Nawaz
This document discusses methods for determining equivalent single wheel loads (ESWL) and equivalent single axle loads (ESAL) for pavement design. ESWL is defined as the load from a single tire that causes the same stresses/strains as a multi-wheel load. Methods include equal stress, LCN, and FAA approaches. ESAL quantifies the effect of varying axle loads as a number of standard single axle loads. Factors like thickness and subgrade reaction are considered. Cars have minimal impact compared to trucks and buses.
Impact of Vehicle Class and Tire Pressure on Pavement Performance in MEPDGIJERA Editor
The new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) design and analysis procedures defines
the exact traffic loading by defining the specific number of each vehicle class and the use of axle load
distribution factors instead of the equivalent single axle load (ESAL). The number of traffic inputs (parameters)
in MEPDG was found to be 17024. This research aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of the predicted flexible
pavement distress to vehicle class and tire pressure in MEPDG. To evaluate the impact of vehicle (truck) class
on pavement sections, different cases of loading were analyzed. For each case, the MEPDG Ver. 1.1 was used to
evaluate the effect of tire pressure by solving each case for a tire pressure of 120 and 140 psi. The effect of the
traffic parameters on asphalt pavement (AC) rutting, base rutting, subgrade rutting, international roughness
index (IRI), longitudinal cracking and fatigue (alligator) cracking were investigated.
It was found that vehicle class distribution (VCD) would cause clear impact (comparable to the effect of
AADTT level) only if the major traffic is of specific class (very light or very heavy). If this is not the case, the
vehicle class distribution will not be a significant factor that affects the final design because most of the trucks
had similar impact on flexible pavement distresses. The impact of tire pressure is clear on longitudinal cracking,
fatigue cracking and AC rutting, and have no significant impact on both base and subgrade rutting.
This 3 sentence summary provides the key details from the given document:
The document discusses three common rock mass classification systems used in underground mine design in Canada - RQD, RMR, and Q system. It reviews how the systems have evolved over time, including modifications to parameters and ratings. The accurate determination and estimation of parameters for each system, and the potential errors that can arise, are also examined.
Analysis of rc bridge decks for selected national a nd internationalstandard ...eSAT Journals
The document analyzes the effects of different national and international standard loadings on reinforced concrete bridge decks using finite element modeling. 36 bridge deck models of slab bridges and T-beam bridges were analyzed under loadings from IRC, AASHTO, and Eurocode standards. The results show maximum differences of 5-15% in deflection and bending moment between IRC loadings, and 5-17% difference for AASHTO loading compared to IRC. Eurocode loading causes increases of 1.7-1.8 times for slab bridges and 1.3-2.2 times for T-beam bridges over IRC due to higher load magnitudes. Transverse and torsional responses also vary significantly between standards.
Analysis of rc bridge decks for selected national and internationalstandard l...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Efficiency of vertical drains using finite element method may 2017Dr Mazin Alhamrany
Incorporating one-dimensional bar elements with two-dimensional quadrilateral axisymmetrical elements to tackle problems of consolidation of clay with vertical drains.
Evaluation of Flexible Pavement: ReviewsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study evaluating the condition of a flexible pavement section from K-7 to Vavol in India. A visual survey found that 30% of the 4 km pavement was in good condition, with the remaining 70% in fair or poor condition. Traffic volumes along the route were also measured, with the highest traffic on Mondays. The study aims to further evaluate the pavement structure using a Benkelman Beam deflection test to determine the required overlay thickness. Previous literature on evaluating flexible pavement using visual surveys, Benkelman Beam testing, and rehabilitation techniques is also reviewed to support the objectives of determining the structural adequacy of the pavement and appropriate rehabilitation actions.
Chassis mounted structures provide a levelled base to the transport vehicles intended for on-road and off-road driving. These structures acts as cushioning elements to sophisticated cargos like intelligent tracking systems placed in shelters’ closed environment. These structures need sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the load variations arising from tire-road interactions during rough road travel. Such structures need special attention during the design phase itself in order to improve the specified payload carrying capacity with optimized dimensions. Present paper focuses on formulation of a specialized structure mounted on chassis intended to carry shelters. A scaled prototype is manufactured and tested for different grade-load combinations. This is done through experimental strain measurement and analysis of the results. The data is acquired for nine different load magnitudes and is categorised into three sets as low, moderate and high magnitudes. Interrelation between the stress/strain values acquired during each load and gradient state is developed. The structure behaviour is hypothesized through the gradient strain measurement outcomes. Major design concerns include the spacing & orientation of cross-members, load locations on the structure and the road profiles. Cross-country and rough road terrain behavior of the structure is attempted in present work.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Estimation of IRI from PCI in Construction Work ZonesIDES Editor
Roughness is good evaluator of performance of road.
This paper presents a case study of IRI (International
Roughness Index) estimation at NH 67 during four laning of
Trichy - Tanjavur section. An attempt has been made to
evaluate the IRI of construction work zones using Levenberg-
Marquardt back-propagation training algorithm. A MATLAB
based model is developed, and the data from the case study are
used to train and test the developed model to predict IRI. The
models’ performances are evaluated through Correlation
coefficient (R2) and Mean Square Error (MSE).
Analysis of Shear Live Load Girder Distribution Factors in Integral bridges u...IJCMESJOURNAL
This paper studies the accuracy of AASHTO Standard Specifications and AASHTO LRFD design specifications girder distribution factors (GDFs) equations and their applicability to integral abutment bridges (IABs). A three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of the Scotch Road integral abutment bridge was developed using the finite element software ABAQUS/Cae. The bridge was subjected to vehicular live loading in single and multiple lanes in the FE model(s). The FE model was calibrated using load-displacement data obtained from field testing due to static truck loading. A comparison between the GDFs obtained from the FE models to those computed using both design codes was performed to evaluate their accuracy. A limited parametric study was conducted to evaluate crucial design parameters such as bridge deck thickness, span length, and piles lengths. The results showed that AASHTO LRFD GDFs equations are more conservative compared to those of AASHTO LFD equations in all cases. However, GDFs from the FE models compared more favorably to those calculated based on both design codes for the case single lane loading.
STABILITY ASSESSMENT OF STEEL MOMENT FRAMES AGAINST PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSEcivej
Analyzing progressive collapse plays a pivotal role in diagnosing structure stability caused by earthquake,
explosion, car crashes, and fire and so on. In the current research, condition of progressive collapse has
been analyzed in structures which have been designed based on current codes in Iran. For this purpose, a
couple of steel buildings with steel moment frame systems that have many stories and various bay, have
been evaluated. With sudden removal of each column, the possibility of bridging over other elements has
been studied; besides, alternative path method introduced by the UFC 4-023-03 code has been applied in
the assessment process. Results indicate that the beams located on the highest floor do not have a suitable
performance and in case of sudden removal of each of the columns, it will be impossible to bridge overother elements and it will face collapse and progressive collapse in spite of the fact that other members are
resistant against the collapse.
This document discusses various methods for evaluating existing bridges, including visual inspection, load testing, structural health monitoring, non-destructive evaluation, and finite element modeling. Visual inspection is the primary and most common method, but it is subjective. Load testing is used to determine safe loading levels. Structural health monitoring uses sensors to monitor structural response over time. Non-destructive evaluation enables detection of deterioration without damaging the structure. Finite element modeling provides a more accurate approach than traditional methods by accounting for factors like material properties and cracking.
This document presents the results of a parametric study to optimize the design of post-tensioned concrete box-girder pedestrian bridges with main spans ranging from 30 to 60 meters. An optimization algorithm called SAMO2 was used to minimize the cost by varying 33 design variables related to geometry, materials, and construction. The optimal solutions showed that depth and number of prestressing strands correlated with main span length, while slab thicknesses generally took minimum allowed values. Increasing the main span by 1 meter on average increased total cost by 6.38 euros per square meter. Concrete strength varied between 35 to 55 MPa but tended to increase with longer spans.
Performance Evaluation of Rigid PavementsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study evaluating the performance of cement concrete and rigid pavement test stretches in rural India. Nine test stretches were selected across varying conditions and evaluated based on pavement roughness, distress levels like cracking and scaling, and ratings by panels. International roughness index, pavement condition index, and present serviceability index equations were developed based on roughness and distress data to assess pavement condition. The results will help determine appropriate maintenance to increase road service life.
Determination And Collation Of Pavement Condition Index Based On Indian Road ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that determined and compared the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) of selected roads in Jalgaon City, India using two different methods from the Indian Road Congress (IRC) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The researchers inspected 10 urban road sections with a total length of 18 km. They recorded various types of pavement distresses and calculated the PCI for each section using the IRC and ASTM methods. Both methods produced similar PCI results. The study aims to evaluate pavement performance and develop a PCI prediction model based on distress types and intensities to help identify maintenance and rehabilitation needs of roads in Jalgaon City.
Design of flexible pavement using experimental and software approachIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the design of flexible pavements using experimental and software approaches. It begins with an introduction to flexible pavements and their composition of layers. It then outlines the objectives of using California Bearing Ratio (CBR) testing and IIT PAVE software to design a flexible pavement. The design procedure is described step-by-step, including determining CBR value, traffic data, selecting trial layer depths from codes, calculating layer properties like resilient modulus, and determining allowable strain criteria for rutting and fatigue analysis. Finally, the selected pavement structure is analyzed using IIT PAVE software by inputting layer properties and dimensions, load parameters, and analyzing output parameters like stresses, strains, and deflections
Investigation and Improvement of Road Pavement Section for Rankuva Crossing t...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study investigating and proposing improvements to the road pavement section from Rankuva Crossing to Chikhali-Vansda Road in India. The study aims to analyze the existing road conditions, identify causes of deterioration, and develop a maintenance strategy. Data collection includes visual inspections and tests to evaluate stresses and deflections. Analysis shows the road experiences high commercial traffic volumes beyond its intended design capacity from a nearby quarry. Stretches between 3.5-4.5 km and 5-6 km are found to be in poor condition with cracking, rutting, and potholes. The concluded maintenance strategy involves structural improvements like overlays to strengthen the pavement for current overloaded traffic conditions.
A review of Design and Construction Parameters of PavementsIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of various parameters related to the design and construction of pavements. It summarizes 10 research papers on topics like geometric design, pavement surfaces, sustainable pavement engineering, pavement skid resistance, and pavement construction. The review finds that while extensive research has been conducted, the information has not been fully applied in practice. It also notes that individual studies often focus on single parameters rather than taking a holistic approach. The document aims to consolidate relevant information from the literature to help inform more sustainable and cost-effective pavement design and development.
Study on rutting and surface behaviour of urban flexible pavementeSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on rutting and surface behavior of urban flexible pavements. Rutting measurements were taken at 8 bus shelter locations along two stretches of road. Rutting depths ranged from 30mm to 90mm, exceeding the maximum allowable depth of 20mm. 5 alternatives to address the rutting were proposed: stone matrix asphalt, mastic asphalt, glass fiber grid reinforcement, paver blocks, and rigid pavement. Data analysis showed rutting decreased initially with observations but later varied abruptly. The alternatives were to be evaluated using software for damage analysis and cost comparison.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Upgradation of low cost roughness measuring equipment and development of perf...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Today road and transport authorities around the world collectively spend large sums of money each year enhancing and maintaining their road networks. Road users in the majority of countries around the world continue to desire better and smoother roads, despite pressure on road authorities to further reduce expenditure. This pressure is brought about, because funding for road infrastructure is only one of the many priorities competing for Government funds. Pavements cannot be managed to the degree desired by decision makers, unless detailed accurate information and analysis supports the system. Road roughness data is considered one of the most important aspects of road condition information used in practice in pavement management systems.
At present in the market, we have various roughness measuring equipments starting from costliest equipment such as ARAN laser (which uses laser beam to measure the roughness) to moderately costly Bump integrator (which uses the bump counts made by the probe wheel), to cheaper equipment such as MERLIN (which uses the slope value of the wheel to calculate the roughness). In the present research work, an attempt is made to develop low cost roughness measuring equipment and to check its reliability and repeatability to minimize the calibration error. It is calibrated using Bump integrator.
Keywords: roughness, low cost equipment, calibration error
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Flexible Pavement in Amaravati Governemnt C...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and analysis of flexible pavements for a government complex in Amravati, India. It describes surveying the site using drones and GPS, testing the soil properties including moisture content and bearing capacity, and estimating traffic levels of 5 million standard axles over the design life. The flexible pavement design was performed using IRC code guidelines based on the soil test results and traffic estimate. Key layers of the flexible pavement include granular sub-base and bituminous surface.
This document outlines the standard practice for conducting pavement condition index (PCI) surveys of roads and parking lots. It describes how to:
1) Divide the pavement network into branches, sections, and sample units for inspection.
2) Select random sample units for visual inspection to determine the type and severity of distresses present.
3) Quantify the distresses to calculate the PCI for each sample unit and determine the overall PCI of each pavement section.
4) Use the PCI data to evaluate pavement condition, identify maintenance needs, and track deterioration over time.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Development of pavement management strategies for arterial roadseSAT Journals
Abstract
An arterial road is a high-capacity urban road which delivers the traffic from collector roads to freeways, and between city centres at
the maximum and possible level of service. Therefore it is very important to maintain these roads as they are subjected to heavy traffic
and on monsoon or poor drainage conditions which may damage the pavements at a faster rate further requiring timely maintenance
and costly rehabilitation. Assessing the condition of the pavement periodically is important so that maintenance work can be taken up
accordingly in order to slow down the deterioration rate. A tool which can access the deterioration of pavement is a Pavement
Condition Index (PCI) which is a distress study carried out on pavement. PCI is a numerical rating of the pavement condition that
ranges from 0 -100 with 0 being worst possible condition 100 being the best possible condition. Therefore, this paper aims at bringing
out the methodology used in carrying out the survey on the pavement and for rating of the pavement (PCI) with the case studies of
four arterial roads of Rajarajeshwari Zone, Bangalore city and the PCIs of rating of these pavements at the time of studies was found
to be from very poor to excellent. Pavement management strategies have been proposed based on the condition rating.
Keywords: Flexible Pavements, ASTM, PCI, Pavement Maintenance, Arterial roads
Development of pavement management strategies for arterial roadseSAT Journals
Abstract
An arterial road is a high-capacity urban road which delivers the traffic from collector roads to freeways, and between city centres at
the maximum and possible level of service. Therefore it is very important to maintain these roads as they are subjected to heavy traffic
and on monsoon or poor drainage conditions which may damage the pavements at a faster rate further requiring timely maintenance
and costly rehabilitation. Assessing the condition of the pavement periodically is important so that maintenance work can be taken up
accordingly in order to slow down the deterioration rate. A tool which can access the deterioration of pavement is a Pavement
Condition Index (PCI) which is a distress study carried out on pavement. PCI is a numerical rating of the pavement condition that
ranges from 0 -100 with 0 being worst possible condition 100 being the best possible condition. Therefore, this paper aims at bringing
out the methodology used in carrying out the survey on the pavement and for rating of the pavement (PCI) with the case studies of
four arterial roads of Rajarajeshwari Zone, Bangalore city and the PCIs of rating of these pavements at the time of studies was found
to be from very poor to excellent. Pavement management strategies have been proposed based on the condition rating.
Keywords: Flexible Pavements, ASTM, PCI, Pavement Maintenance, Arterial roads
Estimation of IRI from PCI in Construction Work ZonesIDES Editor
Roughness is good evaluator of performance of road.
This paper presents a case study of IRI (International
Roughness Index) estimation at NH 67 during four laning of
Trichy - Tanjavur section. An attempt has been made to
evaluate the IRI of construction work zones using Levenberg-
Marquardt back-propagation training algorithm. A MATLAB
based model is developed, and the data from the case study are
used to train and test the developed model to predict IRI. The
models’ performances are evaluated through Correlation
coefficient (R2) and Mean Square Error (MSE).
Rehabilitation Study of NH34 Kabrai to Maudaha through the 35.00 Km Section L...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a rehabilitation study of a 35 km section of NH34 highway between Kabrai and Maudaha in India. The study found rutting, cracking, and other pavement distresses due to heavy traffic volumes and loads. It analyzed existing pavement conditions through test pits, calculated traffic volumes and equivalent single axle loads, and determined the resilient modulus of the subgrade. Using the Asphalt Institute Manual method, it designed a 105 mm overlay consisting of a 50 mm leveling layer and 55 mm surface course to rehabilitate the pavement for the expected traffic loads over a 15-year design life. The rehabilitation was expected to increase the operational speed and level of service of the highway section.
IRJET- Non-Destructive Test Application in Civil InfrastructureIRJET Journal
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for assessing the condition of civil infrastructure. It reviews 13 NDT techniques including ultrasonic pulse velocity, surface hardness, impact-echo, ground penetrating radar, and others. For each technique it discusses the applications, advantages, accuracy, limitations, instrumentation, and standards. The goal of the techniques is to allow engineers to evaluate infrastructure for strength, damage, and needed maintenance in a non-destructive manner. Understanding which techniques are suitable and how to properly conduct NDT surveys is important for accurately assessing structural conditions.
1) Researchers developed a Structural Health Index (SHI) to describe the structural integrity of pavements based on backcalculated layer moduli from falling weight deflectometer testing.
2) The SHI is calculated using a backcalculation software to determine layer moduli, which are then statistically modeled to produce an index from 0-100.
3) The SHI was validated and shown to realistically represent structural conditions, providing additional information to complement existing pavement management indices in identifying structurally deficient sections.
Optimum Cost Analysis For Selecting Best Suited Flexible Pavement Road Type F...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the optimal construction costs for different flexible pavement road types based on subgrade CBR and traffic volume, as specified in IRC 37-2012. It determines the least expensive road type for a location with a CBR of 3% and traffic volume of 21.5 msa. Standard compaction and CBR tests are conducted on soil samples to determine moisture content, dry density, and a CBR value of 3%. Pavement thicknesses are calculated based on the CBR and traffic volume. Construction costs are estimated based on material costs from schedule rates and compacted volume calculations. The analysis finds that cemented base and cemented sub-base with SAMI layer is the cheapest option for the given conditions
EVALUATION AND STRENGTHENING OF RECONSTRUCTED ROADS EXCAVATED FOR UTILITIES U...IAEME Publication
The study highlights the need of pavement evaluation and pavement evaluation measures for the road pavements of urban areas in Kashmir which are often being cut and refilled after laying of utilities like optical fiber cables,municipal water supply pipes, construction of severs etc. This paper includes the collection of required field data like soil sub grade data, existing pavement structure, traffic data, pavement surface condition and rebound deflection by using BBD technique,
laboratory investigations and finally the design of the overall thickness of the road pavement and overlay whatsoever required to strengthen the road stretches.
Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process to Retaining wall maintenance prior...IRJET Journal
1) The document proposes using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine relative weights of important maintenance decision-making factors for retaining walls. These weighted factors would then be used to compute a priority index for ranking the maintenance importance of 29 retaining walls in Tennessee.
2) Key decision-making factors considered include retaining wall age, operating and maintenance condition, potential impact on mobility if the wall fails, and safety consequences of failure. Pairwise comparisons are used to determine the weights of each factor.
3) The priority index rankings would provide transportation agencies a simple but effective method for selecting which retaining wall to focus maintenance funding on, given limited budgets. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted to validate the AHP model.
Similar to IRJET- A Review of Pavement Condition Rating Models for Flexible Pavements (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.