This document summarizes a study evaluating the performance of cement concrete and rigid pavement test stretches in rural India. Nine test stretches were selected across varying conditions and evaluated based on pavement roughness, distress levels like cracking and scaling, and ratings by panels. International roughness index, pavement condition index, and present serviceability index equations were developed based on roughness and distress data to assess pavement condition. The results will help determine appropriate maintenance to increase road service life.
This document provides a project report on the design of a flexible pavement for the SDITS campus. It was submitted by a team of 5 civil engineering students at Shri Dadaji Institute of Technology and Science in Khandwa, India, in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Engineering degree. The report includes chapters on literature review, proposed methodology, surveying and leveling of the site, laboratory tests conducted, design and results, conclusions, and references. The team conducted a topographic survey of the existing road, took soil samples for testing, designed the pavement structure using the California Bearing Ratio method, and provided a cost estimate for constructing the flexible pavement on the SDITS campus.
Rehabilitation Study of NH34 Kabrai to Maudaha through the 35.00 Km Section L...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a rehabilitation study of a 35 km section of NH34 highway between Kabrai and Maudaha in India. The study found rutting, cracking, and other pavement distresses due to heavy traffic volumes and loads. It analyzed existing pavement conditions through test pits, calculated traffic volumes and equivalent single axle loads, and determined the resilient modulus of the subgrade. Using the Asphalt Institute Manual method, it designed a 105 mm overlay consisting of a 50 mm leveling layer and 55 mm surface course to rehabilitate the pavement for the expected traffic loads over a 15-year design life. The rehabilitation was expected to increase the operational speed and level of service of the highway section.
IRJET- Safety Evaluvation of Combined CurvesIRJET Journal
This document discusses safety evaluation of combined horizontal and vertical curves on two-lane rural highways. It aims to identify relationships between road geometry and safety, and develop criteria for evaluating combined curves. Field surveys were conducted to collect speed and geometry data from over 15 combined curves. Operating speed models were developed for different vehicle types based on geometric factors like radius, grade, length, and super elevation. Correlation analysis found radius to be most correlated with operating speed. Regression analysis was used to predict operating speed based on geometric variables. The research seeks to better understand parameters affecting safety in combined curves and develop tools to evaluate designs and select safer options.
IRJET - Analysis of Skew Bridge using Computational MethodIRJET Journal
The document analyzes skew bridges with different skew angles (0-60 degrees) and spans (16-24 meters) using the STAAD Pro software. It considers dead loads, live loads, and impact loads according to IRC and AASHTO standards. The analysis results in bending moments, torsion moments, shear forces, and deflections for T-beam girders. Guidelines are provided for grillage layout and load consideration in the analysis and design of skew bridges.
IRJET - An Experimental and Analytical Study of Slope Stability by Soil NailingIRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental and analytical study on slope stability using soil nailing. Model tests were conducted on soil slopes with angles of 45° and 60° that were unreinforced and reinforced with nails at inclinations of 0°, 15°, and 30°. Finite element analysis was also conducted using PLAXIS 3D. The experimental results showed that reinforced slopes had higher load capacities and smaller settlements compared to unreinforced slopes. The finite element results matched well with the experimental data. Reinforcing a 45° slope with vertical nails provided the highest load capacity and smallest settlement.
1) Researchers developed a Structural Health Index (SHI) to describe the structural integrity of pavements based on backcalculated layer moduli from falling weight deflectometer testing.
2) The SHI is calculated using a backcalculation software to determine layer moduli, which are then statistically modeled to produce an index from 0-100.
3) The SHI was validated and shown to realistically represent structural conditions, providing additional information to complement existing pavement management indices in identifying structurally deficient sections.
This document provides information about pavement testing equipment from PaveTesting Ltd., including falling weight deflectometers (FWDs). It summarizes that PaveTesting offers a range of FWDs from trailer-mounted and vehicle-mounted options for standard pavements to heavier models for runways and parking lots. FWDs measure pavement deflection to determine properties like thickness, stiffness, and expected life. PaveTesting also provides training and support services.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
This document summarizes research on the crosswind sensitivity of passenger cars and the influence of vehicle chassis characteristics. Experimental crosswind testing was conducted on seven vehicle configurations with seven drivers. A crosswind "gauntlet" test procedure exposed drivers to alternating crosswinds over 350 feet, eliciting stronger impressions than clustered wind pulses. Driver preferences linked certain chassis properties like weight distribution and suspension characteristics to lower measured responses. The research recommends a two-stage design process using static turning analyses and dynamic simulations to predict crosswind sensitivity.
This document provides a project report on the design of a flexible pavement for the SDITS campus. It was submitted by a team of 5 civil engineering students at Shri Dadaji Institute of Technology and Science in Khandwa, India, in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Engineering degree. The report includes chapters on literature review, proposed methodology, surveying and leveling of the site, laboratory tests conducted, design and results, conclusions, and references. The team conducted a topographic survey of the existing road, took soil samples for testing, designed the pavement structure using the California Bearing Ratio method, and provided a cost estimate for constructing the flexible pavement on the SDITS campus.
Rehabilitation Study of NH34 Kabrai to Maudaha through the 35.00 Km Section L...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a rehabilitation study of a 35 km section of NH34 highway between Kabrai and Maudaha in India. The study found rutting, cracking, and other pavement distresses due to heavy traffic volumes and loads. It analyzed existing pavement conditions through test pits, calculated traffic volumes and equivalent single axle loads, and determined the resilient modulus of the subgrade. Using the Asphalt Institute Manual method, it designed a 105 mm overlay consisting of a 50 mm leveling layer and 55 mm surface course to rehabilitate the pavement for the expected traffic loads over a 15-year design life. The rehabilitation was expected to increase the operational speed and level of service of the highway section.
IRJET- Safety Evaluvation of Combined CurvesIRJET Journal
This document discusses safety evaluation of combined horizontal and vertical curves on two-lane rural highways. It aims to identify relationships between road geometry and safety, and develop criteria for evaluating combined curves. Field surveys were conducted to collect speed and geometry data from over 15 combined curves. Operating speed models were developed for different vehicle types based on geometric factors like radius, grade, length, and super elevation. Correlation analysis found radius to be most correlated with operating speed. Regression analysis was used to predict operating speed based on geometric variables. The research seeks to better understand parameters affecting safety in combined curves and develop tools to evaluate designs and select safer options.
IRJET - Analysis of Skew Bridge using Computational MethodIRJET Journal
The document analyzes skew bridges with different skew angles (0-60 degrees) and spans (16-24 meters) using the STAAD Pro software. It considers dead loads, live loads, and impact loads according to IRC and AASHTO standards. The analysis results in bending moments, torsion moments, shear forces, and deflections for T-beam girders. Guidelines are provided for grillage layout and load consideration in the analysis and design of skew bridges.
IRJET - An Experimental and Analytical Study of Slope Stability by Soil NailingIRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental and analytical study on slope stability using soil nailing. Model tests were conducted on soil slopes with angles of 45° and 60° that were unreinforced and reinforced with nails at inclinations of 0°, 15°, and 30°. Finite element analysis was also conducted using PLAXIS 3D. The experimental results showed that reinforced slopes had higher load capacities and smaller settlements compared to unreinforced slopes. The finite element results matched well with the experimental data. Reinforcing a 45° slope with vertical nails provided the highest load capacity and smallest settlement.
1) Researchers developed a Structural Health Index (SHI) to describe the structural integrity of pavements based on backcalculated layer moduli from falling weight deflectometer testing.
2) The SHI is calculated using a backcalculation software to determine layer moduli, which are then statistically modeled to produce an index from 0-100.
3) The SHI was validated and shown to realistically represent structural conditions, providing additional information to complement existing pavement management indices in identifying structurally deficient sections.
This document provides information about pavement testing equipment from PaveTesting Ltd., including falling weight deflectometers (FWDs). It summarizes that PaveTesting offers a range of FWDs from trailer-mounted and vehicle-mounted options for standard pavements to heavier models for runways and parking lots. FWDs measure pavement deflection to determine properties like thickness, stiffness, and expected life. PaveTesting also provides training and support services.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
This document summarizes research on the crosswind sensitivity of passenger cars and the influence of vehicle chassis characteristics. Experimental crosswind testing was conducted on seven vehicle configurations with seven drivers. A crosswind "gauntlet" test procedure exposed drivers to alternating crosswinds over 350 feet, eliciting stronger impressions than clustered wind pulses. Driver preferences linked certain chassis properties like weight distribution and suspension characteristics to lower measured responses. The research recommends a two-stage design process using static turning analyses and dynamic simulations to predict crosswind sensitivity.
Geometry condition survey from panthapath to russel square report submited by...Pronob Ghosh
This document describes the methodology for conducting a roadway condition survey in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The survey involves both manual and automated methods. For the manual survey, raters will walk or drive along the road and record distresses on the pavement surface, intersections, traffic signals, signs, and other elements. The automated survey uses a specialized vehicle to quickly collect pavement condition data at highway speeds. The results of the survey will be used to assess maintenance needs and plan repairs for the roadway.
10-Traffic Characterization ( Highway Engineering Dr. Sherif El-Badawy )Hossam Shafiq I
The document discusses traffic characterization and load analysis for pavement design. It describes the importance of accurately characterizing vehicle loads, configurations, traffic volumes and compositions. Key factors discussed include axle configurations, load equivalency factors (LEF) which convert loads to standard 18 kip equivalents, truck factors which summarize LEFs for each vehicle, and methods for estimating future traffic growth and directional/lane distributions. Accurately accounting for the full spectrum of traffic loads is important for designing pavements to last.
Interpretation Of Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) Datanaimatullah shafaq
This document discusses the interpretation of falling weight deflectometer (FWD) data through back calculation. Back calculation is used to estimate the in-situ stiffness values of individual pavement layers by comparing calculated and observed deflection values from FWD testing in an iterative process. The software KGPBACK facilitates back calculation and can determine elastic moduli of pavement layers quickly. FWD testing provides deflection data that can be analyzed through back calculation to evaluate pavement condition and design overlay thicknesses.
Vibration measurement and spectral analysis of chassis frame mounted structur...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Chassis mounted structure is a base component for shelters or containers mounted on heavy transport vehicles. When the vehicle is driven in rough terrains or during off-road transportation this structure has a significant role in protecting the sophisticated cargo and intelligent tracking systems placed inside the shelters. During off-road transportation or warhead conditions the vehicle is subjected to large unevenness in load due to road or soil irregularities in rough terrains, which causes vibrations to be induced in the vehicle. As the nature of vibrations induced in vehicle during travel on off-road or cross-country terrains is random and unpredictable, there is a concern to analyse the vibration response of chassis and chassis mounted structures is needed. Present work deals with vibration measurement and spectral analysis of a chassis mounted structure designed for off-road and commercial transport vehicles. The road profile on which the vibration measurement has been carried out includes paved road and cross-country terrain segments. The vibration measurement has been carried at three different vehicle speeds. Signal analysis procedure for the acquired test data is discussed. The chassis mounted structure under concern is intended to hold two shelters or containers. From the vibration measurement at critical locations, g-(RMS) and g-(peak) values for paved and cross-country roads have been found out. Power spectral density values have also been found on chassis and structure for the same transport situations. Major inferences include the evaluation of minimum and maximum g-values (peak & RMS) on chassis and chassis mounted structure. Power spectral density graphs are constructed from which the dominant frequency for both road profiles is found out
Strain characteristicts in a unique platform integrated with truck chassis un...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Present work deals with the process of determination of strain in a structural member under intense load for a typical Indian truck. Characteristics of mechanical strain at various locations on the structure are assessed. Strain gauge selection along with process of locating significant positions for strain measurement on the structure is described. Experimental process is employed for strain measurement. From the experimentation carried on the structure, the results reveal that the tri-axial stresses are dominant over bi-axial and uni-axial stresses at critical points on the structure. Contemporary data acquisition systems are utilized to acquire the strain signals. Computer simulation is carried out to have perception of the behavior of the structure under consideration. Static and Dynamic strain measurement is carried out at constant speeds on various tracks. As there are no assumptions involved in measurement like theoretical modeling and analysis, the experimental method provides the actual strain/stress values at the selected locations. Locations have been selected at cross-members where they are supported at the longitudinal members. As the stresses at these locations are not unidirectional, rosettes have been used to acquire strain in three directions. Linear strain gauges used at locations on longitudinal members.
IRJET- A Study on Transient Analysis of Bridge Deck Slab Under the Action of ...IRJET Journal
1. The study analyzes the modal and transient response of bridge deck slabs subjected to moving loads using finite element analysis in ANSYS.
2. Modal analysis was conducted on bridge deck slab models with varying dimensions to determine their natural frequencies. Transient analysis was then performed under IRC class vehicle loads to calculate stresses, strains, and deflections.
3. The results showed that natural frequencies increased with greater slab depth. Stresses, strains, and deflections also varied depending on slab dimension and load properties like velocity. Finite element modeling in ANSYS proved effective for simulating the dynamic behavior of bridge deck slabs under moving loads.
06-Traffic Characterization ( Highway and Airport Engineering Dr. Sherif El-B...Hossam Shafiq I
This document discusses traffic characterization and loadings for pavement design. It covers topics like vehicle characteristics, axle configurations, traffic composition, sources of traffic data, load equivalency factors, truck factors, and how to calculate estimated 18-kip equivalent single-axle loads (ESALs) using traffic data. The goal is to account for the full spectrum of traffic loads that pavement will experience over its design life when determining appropriate pavement thickness.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
This document provides an overview of the IRC method for designing flexible pavements according to IRC: 37-2012. It discusses the key considerations and calculations involved, including design traffic, subgrade properties like CBR and resilient modulus, material properties, and traffic data collection. The goal is to design a flexible pavement for a new four-lane divided national highway using the IRC guidelines and given traffic and material property data.
The document summarizes a study on rehabilitating an 8 km section of the Altaji-Baghdad highway in Iraq. Laboratory and field testing was conducted to determine the existing pavement conditions and traffic volumes. Various types of failures like rutting, cracking, and potholes were found. An equivalent single axle load was calculated based on traffic data and used to determine the required overlay thickness according to the Asphalt Institute Manual. The recommended rehabilitation plan involves scraping and cleaning rutted areas, constructing 50mm and 55mm asphalt layers, and a 10-15cm subbase layer to increase the highway's service life and capacity.
IRJET-A Review on Advances in the Design and Analysis of Draft Tube for React...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on the design and analysis of draft tubes for reaction turbines. It discusses how computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used by researchers to optimize draft tube design and predict turbine performance. The document outlines several studies that have used CFD to simulate draft tube flow and analyze the effects of design parameters like length and angle on performance. It concludes that CFD is an effective tool for draft tube analysis that can save resources and time compared to physical testing during the design phase.
Design Optimization and CFD Analysis of Car using Active Mounting to Reduce D...IRJET Journal
This document discusses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and simulation of air flow around a car to optimize downforce and minimize drag at high speeds. The study uses ANSYS Fluent software to model the rear wing and external surfaces under various velocities. The wing angle of attack and surface geometries are optimized to enhance downforce and reduce drag, improving stability. Pressure contours and graphs of downforce, lift, and drag coefficients at different speeds with and without a spoiler are presented and analyzed. The results indicate the best spoiler heights and angles of attack to maximize downforce while minimizing drag for high-speed stability and control.
This document outlines the syllabus for the Highway Engineering course taught by Prof. Ujjval J Solanki at Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology. The key points are:
- The course aims to teach students about highway planning, design, construction, materials, traffic analysis, and maintenance.
- Exams and assessments include a theory exam, midterm, lab manual, sketchbook, active learning assignments, and external viva.
- Course content covers topics like highway planning, geometric design, materials, pavement design and failures, traffic engineering, and a lab component.
- Reference materials and major lab equipment are listed. Active learning assignments involve group presentations on topics from the syllabus.
The document discusses the design of a flexible pavement for a proposed 25 km expressway from Bandar A to Bandar B. It provides information on the differences between flexible and rigid pavements. It then outlines the traffic data and estimated traffic loads for the expressway of 3.9 million ESALs over 10 years. Resilient modulus values are provided for the pavement layers. Using the AASHTO design method and chart, structural numbers are calculated for three subgrade resilient modulus scenarios. The pavement thicknesses are then determined, with the asphalt layer being 5.5 inches, base layer 8 inches, and subgrade layer 10 inches.
Design & Construction of B.I.T. Driveway (As per rural specification)IJERA Editor
The motive of undertaking this project of “Design & Construction of B.I.T. Driveway (As per rural
specification)” is to study and evaluate the performance in real design and working conditions of the rural road
flexible pavement with IRC:37-2001 and IRC:SP:20-2002. In this paper, the work is carried out to measure the
traffic volume on the top surface of the B.I.T. Driveway. Rural connectivity is taken as one of the major
component in increasing the agricultural output and earning capacity of the rural population. There is a marked
improvement in quality of life by way of better educational facilities, improved health services, improved
attendance by the school teachers as well as students.
Experimental investigation of inmitiable platform on heavy vehicle chassis ij...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
This research paper deals with the experimental investigation of a unique platform structure by evaluation of strain through experimental technique. Strain characteristics at critical locations on the structure are evaluated for dynamic load. Strain gauge categorization for experimentation of the platform structure is described. Different nature of stresses at significant locations is evaluated with the aid of linear and rosette gauges. Present-day data acquisition systems are utilized for acquiring the strain values. Static and dynamic strain values are evaluated for constant speeds on cross-country track.
The experimentation reveals exact strain values, as there are no assumptions for measurement. Cross-country road characteristics are exactly simulated for this measurement process. The optimum vehicle speed is maintained for the entire measurement process. Tri-axial values of strains are calculated using rosette reduction technique. Linear strain values are evaluated on longitudinal members of the platform structure. Values of strain acquired different locations reveal the critical areas of the structure for possible design modifications
11-Structural Design ( Highway Engineering Dr. Sherif El-Badawy )Hossam Shafiq I
The document discusses various methods for flexible pavement design, including empirical, mechanistic, and mechanistic-empirical methods. It provides details on the AASHTO, Asphalt Institute, and MEPDG design methods, including required inputs like traffic, materials properties, and environmental factors as well as outputs like structural number and layer thicknesses. It also explains concepts fundamental to flexible pavement design like structural number, layer coefficients, serviceability, reliability, and distresses like rutting and cracking.
IRJET - Review on Performance Study on Mastic Asphalt at Rotary SectionIRJET Journal
This document reviews the performance of mastic asphalt as a wearing surface at rotary sections in Chandigarh, India. It aims to measure distresses on mastic asphalt at selected rotaries, compare their performance based on distress levels and traffic volumes, and suggest remedial measures. The methodology involves identifying rotaries with mastic asphalt, selecting three for analysis based on traffic and distress, collecting data on distresses and road/traffic characteristics, testing mastic asphalt samples for properties, comparing performance between sections, and recommending improvements. The study will help predict mastic asphalt's lifespan and hardness over time to reduce maintenance costs and improve safety.
Case Study on Geometry of Four Lane HighwayIRJET Journal
This document presents a case study on the geometry of a four lane highway in Maharashtra, India. It analyzes various geometric elements of the 45 km highway stretch including horizontal curves, vertical curves, sight distances, cross sections, shoulders, superelevation, and junction layouts. The study examines the existing geometry, identifies any safety issues, and checks compliance with Indian Road Congress design standards. It concludes that the highway's geometric design is well planned and meets guidelines to provide a safe, efficient road for users that minimizes accidents and travel times. Proper geometric design of highways is determined to be an important factor for constructing safe and cost-effective road infrastructure.
Case Study on Highway Geometry for Two Lane HighwayIRJET Journal
This document presents a case study on the geometric design of a two-lane highway. It discusses key geometric design elements like carriageway, median, horizontal and vertical curves, and sight distance. It analyzes the existing geometry of a 12.4 km stretch of national highway in India, identifying locations that do not meet design standards like some horizontal curves with radii below 200m. The study aims to examine the existing design, identify safety issues, and provide a simple design that meets requirements safely and cost-effectively based on Indian Road Congress specifications.
Geometry condition survey from panthapath to russel square report submited by...Pronob Ghosh
This document describes the methodology for conducting a roadway condition survey in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The survey involves both manual and automated methods. For the manual survey, raters will walk or drive along the road and record distresses on the pavement surface, intersections, traffic signals, signs, and other elements. The automated survey uses a specialized vehicle to quickly collect pavement condition data at highway speeds. The results of the survey will be used to assess maintenance needs and plan repairs for the roadway.
10-Traffic Characterization ( Highway Engineering Dr. Sherif El-Badawy )Hossam Shafiq I
The document discusses traffic characterization and load analysis for pavement design. It describes the importance of accurately characterizing vehicle loads, configurations, traffic volumes and compositions. Key factors discussed include axle configurations, load equivalency factors (LEF) which convert loads to standard 18 kip equivalents, truck factors which summarize LEFs for each vehicle, and methods for estimating future traffic growth and directional/lane distributions. Accurately accounting for the full spectrum of traffic loads is important for designing pavements to last.
Interpretation Of Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) Datanaimatullah shafaq
This document discusses the interpretation of falling weight deflectometer (FWD) data through back calculation. Back calculation is used to estimate the in-situ stiffness values of individual pavement layers by comparing calculated and observed deflection values from FWD testing in an iterative process. The software KGPBACK facilitates back calculation and can determine elastic moduli of pavement layers quickly. FWD testing provides deflection data that can be analyzed through back calculation to evaluate pavement condition and design overlay thicknesses.
Vibration measurement and spectral analysis of chassis frame mounted structur...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Chassis mounted structure is a base component for shelters or containers mounted on heavy transport vehicles. When the vehicle is driven in rough terrains or during off-road transportation this structure has a significant role in protecting the sophisticated cargo and intelligent tracking systems placed inside the shelters. During off-road transportation or warhead conditions the vehicle is subjected to large unevenness in load due to road or soil irregularities in rough terrains, which causes vibrations to be induced in the vehicle. As the nature of vibrations induced in vehicle during travel on off-road or cross-country terrains is random and unpredictable, there is a concern to analyse the vibration response of chassis and chassis mounted structures is needed. Present work deals with vibration measurement and spectral analysis of a chassis mounted structure designed for off-road and commercial transport vehicles. The road profile on which the vibration measurement has been carried out includes paved road and cross-country terrain segments. The vibration measurement has been carried at three different vehicle speeds. Signal analysis procedure for the acquired test data is discussed. The chassis mounted structure under concern is intended to hold two shelters or containers. From the vibration measurement at critical locations, g-(RMS) and g-(peak) values for paved and cross-country roads have been found out. Power spectral density values have also been found on chassis and structure for the same transport situations. Major inferences include the evaluation of minimum and maximum g-values (peak & RMS) on chassis and chassis mounted structure. Power spectral density graphs are constructed from which the dominant frequency for both road profiles is found out
Strain characteristicts in a unique platform integrated with truck chassis un...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Present work deals with the process of determination of strain in a structural member under intense load for a typical Indian truck. Characteristics of mechanical strain at various locations on the structure are assessed. Strain gauge selection along with process of locating significant positions for strain measurement on the structure is described. Experimental process is employed for strain measurement. From the experimentation carried on the structure, the results reveal that the tri-axial stresses are dominant over bi-axial and uni-axial stresses at critical points on the structure. Contemporary data acquisition systems are utilized to acquire the strain signals. Computer simulation is carried out to have perception of the behavior of the structure under consideration. Static and Dynamic strain measurement is carried out at constant speeds on various tracks. As there are no assumptions involved in measurement like theoretical modeling and analysis, the experimental method provides the actual strain/stress values at the selected locations. Locations have been selected at cross-members where they are supported at the longitudinal members. As the stresses at these locations are not unidirectional, rosettes have been used to acquire strain in three directions. Linear strain gauges used at locations on longitudinal members.
IRJET- A Study on Transient Analysis of Bridge Deck Slab Under the Action of ...IRJET Journal
1. The study analyzes the modal and transient response of bridge deck slabs subjected to moving loads using finite element analysis in ANSYS.
2. Modal analysis was conducted on bridge deck slab models with varying dimensions to determine their natural frequencies. Transient analysis was then performed under IRC class vehicle loads to calculate stresses, strains, and deflections.
3. The results showed that natural frequencies increased with greater slab depth. Stresses, strains, and deflections also varied depending on slab dimension and load properties like velocity. Finite element modeling in ANSYS proved effective for simulating the dynamic behavior of bridge deck slabs under moving loads.
06-Traffic Characterization ( Highway and Airport Engineering Dr. Sherif El-B...Hossam Shafiq I
This document discusses traffic characterization and loadings for pavement design. It covers topics like vehicle characteristics, axle configurations, traffic composition, sources of traffic data, load equivalency factors, truck factors, and how to calculate estimated 18-kip equivalent single-axle loads (ESALs) using traffic data. The goal is to account for the full spectrum of traffic loads that pavement will experience over its design life when determining appropriate pavement thickness.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
This document provides an overview of the IRC method for designing flexible pavements according to IRC: 37-2012. It discusses the key considerations and calculations involved, including design traffic, subgrade properties like CBR and resilient modulus, material properties, and traffic data collection. The goal is to design a flexible pavement for a new four-lane divided national highway using the IRC guidelines and given traffic and material property data.
The document summarizes a study on rehabilitating an 8 km section of the Altaji-Baghdad highway in Iraq. Laboratory and field testing was conducted to determine the existing pavement conditions and traffic volumes. Various types of failures like rutting, cracking, and potholes were found. An equivalent single axle load was calculated based on traffic data and used to determine the required overlay thickness according to the Asphalt Institute Manual. The recommended rehabilitation plan involves scraping and cleaning rutted areas, constructing 50mm and 55mm asphalt layers, and a 10-15cm subbase layer to increase the highway's service life and capacity.
IRJET-A Review on Advances in the Design and Analysis of Draft Tube for React...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on the design and analysis of draft tubes for reaction turbines. It discusses how computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used by researchers to optimize draft tube design and predict turbine performance. The document outlines several studies that have used CFD to simulate draft tube flow and analyze the effects of design parameters like length and angle on performance. It concludes that CFD is an effective tool for draft tube analysis that can save resources and time compared to physical testing during the design phase.
Design Optimization and CFD Analysis of Car using Active Mounting to Reduce D...IRJET Journal
This document discusses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and simulation of air flow around a car to optimize downforce and minimize drag at high speeds. The study uses ANSYS Fluent software to model the rear wing and external surfaces under various velocities. The wing angle of attack and surface geometries are optimized to enhance downforce and reduce drag, improving stability. Pressure contours and graphs of downforce, lift, and drag coefficients at different speeds with and without a spoiler are presented and analyzed. The results indicate the best spoiler heights and angles of attack to maximize downforce while minimizing drag for high-speed stability and control.
This document outlines the syllabus for the Highway Engineering course taught by Prof. Ujjval J Solanki at Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology. The key points are:
- The course aims to teach students about highway planning, design, construction, materials, traffic analysis, and maintenance.
- Exams and assessments include a theory exam, midterm, lab manual, sketchbook, active learning assignments, and external viva.
- Course content covers topics like highway planning, geometric design, materials, pavement design and failures, traffic engineering, and a lab component.
- Reference materials and major lab equipment are listed. Active learning assignments involve group presentations on topics from the syllabus.
The document discusses the design of a flexible pavement for a proposed 25 km expressway from Bandar A to Bandar B. It provides information on the differences between flexible and rigid pavements. It then outlines the traffic data and estimated traffic loads for the expressway of 3.9 million ESALs over 10 years. Resilient modulus values are provided for the pavement layers. Using the AASHTO design method and chart, structural numbers are calculated for three subgrade resilient modulus scenarios. The pavement thicknesses are then determined, with the asphalt layer being 5.5 inches, base layer 8 inches, and subgrade layer 10 inches.
Design & Construction of B.I.T. Driveway (As per rural specification)IJERA Editor
The motive of undertaking this project of “Design & Construction of B.I.T. Driveway (As per rural
specification)” is to study and evaluate the performance in real design and working conditions of the rural road
flexible pavement with IRC:37-2001 and IRC:SP:20-2002. In this paper, the work is carried out to measure the
traffic volume on the top surface of the B.I.T. Driveway. Rural connectivity is taken as one of the major
component in increasing the agricultural output and earning capacity of the rural population. There is a marked
improvement in quality of life by way of better educational facilities, improved health services, improved
attendance by the school teachers as well as students.
Experimental investigation of inmitiable platform on heavy vehicle chassis ij...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
This research paper deals with the experimental investigation of a unique platform structure by evaluation of strain through experimental technique. Strain characteristics at critical locations on the structure are evaluated for dynamic load. Strain gauge categorization for experimentation of the platform structure is described. Different nature of stresses at significant locations is evaluated with the aid of linear and rosette gauges. Present-day data acquisition systems are utilized for acquiring the strain values. Static and dynamic strain values are evaluated for constant speeds on cross-country track.
The experimentation reveals exact strain values, as there are no assumptions for measurement. Cross-country road characteristics are exactly simulated for this measurement process. The optimum vehicle speed is maintained for the entire measurement process. Tri-axial values of strains are calculated using rosette reduction technique. Linear strain values are evaluated on longitudinal members of the platform structure. Values of strain acquired different locations reveal the critical areas of the structure for possible design modifications
11-Structural Design ( Highway Engineering Dr. Sherif El-Badawy )Hossam Shafiq I
The document discusses various methods for flexible pavement design, including empirical, mechanistic, and mechanistic-empirical methods. It provides details on the AASHTO, Asphalt Institute, and MEPDG design methods, including required inputs like traffic, materials properties, and environmental factors as well as outputs like structural number and layer thicknesses. It also explains concepts fundamental to flexible pavement design like structural number, layer coefficients, serviceability, reliability, and distresses like rutting and cracking.
IRJET - Review on Performance Study on Mastic Asphalt at Rotary SectionIRJET Journal
This document reviews the performance of mastic asphalt as a wearing surface at rotary sections in Chandigarh, India. It aims to measure distresses on mastic asphalt at selected rotaries, compare their performance based on distress levels and traffic volumes, and suggest remedial measures. The methodology involves identifying rotaries with mastic asphalt, selecting three for analysis based on traffic and distress, collecting data on distresses and road/traffic characteristics, testing mastic asphalt samples for properties, comparing performance between sections, and recommending improvements. The study will help predict mastic asphalt's lifespan and hardness over time to reduce maintenance costs and improve safety.
Case Study on Geometry of Four Lane HighwayIRJET Journal
This document presents a case study on the geometry of a four lane highway in Maharashtra, India. It analyzes various geometric elements of the 45 km highway stretch including horizontal curves, vertical curves, sight distances, cross sections, shoulders, superelevation, and junction layouts. The study examines the existing geometry, identifies any safety issues, and checks compliance with Indian Road Congress design standards. It concludes that the highway's geometric design is well planned and meets guidelines to provide a safe, efficient road for users that minimizes accidents and travel times. Proper geometric design of highways is determined to be an important factor for constructing safe and cost-effective road infrastructure.
Case Study on Highway Geometry for Two Lane HighwayIRJET Journal
This document presents a case study on the geometric design of a two-lane highway. It discusses key geometric design elements like carriageway, median, horizontal and vertical curves, and sight distance. It analyzes the existing geometry of a 12.4 km stretch of national highway in India, identifying locations that do not meet design standards like some horizontal curves with radii below 200m. The study aims to examine the existing design, identify safety issues, and provide a simple design that meets requirements safely and cost-effectively based on Indian Road Congress specifications.
ESTIMATION OF CAPACITY AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT USING LINEAR REGRESSIONIRJET Journal
This document presents a study that aimed to estimate the capacity of two-lane roads and develop a multiple linear regression model for capacity. Data on vehicle volumes, speeds and road geometry were collected from two sites in Kerala, India. The data was analyzed to determine vehicle proportions and speed profiles. A regression model for capacity was developed using SPSS with capacity as the dependent variable and factors like stream equivalency, shoulder width, and speed as independent variables. The model had good fit with an R2 value of 0.996. The study concluded that capacity is positively associated with shoulder width and speed, but negatively associated with stream equivalency factor.
Improvement and Asphalting of State Highway and Major District Road of Koppal...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on improving and asphalting sections of state highway SH-63 and major district road in Koppal District, Karnataka, India. Field studies were conducted to determine existing road conditions and traffic volumes. For the 8.1 km section of SH-63 from Mudhol to Hiremyageri, 4.6 km was proposed for reconstruction and 3.5 km for resurfacing. For the 7.75 km section of major district road from Mannapur to Kukanur, detailed designs and cost estimates were developed. The proposed improvements are needed due to deterioration of the existing pavement and increasing traffic from vehicles such as granite trucks and agricultural vehicles. The total estimated cost for improving both
IRJET- Feasibility Check and Analysis of a Flyover Over a Railway CrossIRJET Journal
This document discusses the feasibility of constructing a flyover over a railway crossing in Guruvayoor, India to reduce traffic congestion. Questionnaire and traffic surveys were conducted to analyze the need for the flyover. The flyover design was modeled and analyzed in SAP2000 software. Deflections and stresses were found to be within allowable limits. The flyover was concluded to be a feasible solution that would provide an alternative route and reduce traffic issues caused by trains at the crossing.
This document discusses the design of an underpass. It begins with objectives such as reducing accidents and providing safe and hassle-free movement of vehicles and pedestrians. It describes the methodology, survey results of the existing junction, traffic count data, soil testing results, and design of the road, box culvert, and overbridge. It includes analysis of loads and moments on structural elements. Reinforcement details are provided. Cost estimation and conclusions that the underpass will maintain vehicle speed and reduce accidents are also summarized.
IRJET- A Review of Pavement Condition Rating Models for Flexible PavementsIRJET Journal
This document reviews various pavement condition rating models used globally to quantify the condition of flexible pavements. It discusses several models including the Present Serviceability Index (PSI), Pavement Condition Index (PCI), Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) method, and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) model. The PCI model is highlighted as it uses deduct values and weighting factors to incorporate distress type, severity, and amount into a single 0-100 index score. The review aims to evaluate different agency models and help refine guidelines for determining the pavement condition index in India.
Analysis of Traffic Congestion Characteristics for M.G. Road, AGRAIRJET Journal
This document analyzes traffic congestion characteristics on M.G. Road in Agra, India. Data was collected through video recordings and field surveys at three sections: Diwani crossing to Sursadan Tirtha, Sursadan Tiraha to Hariparvat Crossing, and Hariparvat Crossing to St. Johns Crossing. Traffic flow, speed, travel time, and geometric characteristics were measured. Speed and vehicle data is presented in tables for three junctions: Diwani Chaouraha, St. Johns Chaouraha, and Hariparvat Chaouraha. The analysis aims to understand traffic patterns to improve traffic management facilities on the congested M.G. Road
The document discusses the design of an expressway in India. It includes sections on the need for expressways to reduce travel time and improve safety. Traffic data was collected including average daily volumes of different vehicle types. Geometric design considerations are outlined for the expressway such as a design speed of 120 kmph, lane width of 21m, and sight distances. Pavement design was conducted using a traffic volume of 7.2 million standard axles over 15 years, determining a pavement thickness of 660mm. The layout and future scope of increasing expressway construction to reduce congestion are also mentioned.
EVALUATION AND STRENGTHENING OF RECONSTRUCTED ROADS EXCAVATED FOR UTILITIES U...IAEME Publication
The study highlights the need of pavement evaluation and pavement evaluation measures for the road pavements of urban areas in Kashmir which are often being cut and refilled after laying of utilities like optical fiber cables,municipal water supply pipes, construction of severs etc. This paper includes the collection of required field data like soil sub grade data, existing pavement structure, traffic data, pavement surface condition and rebound deflection by using BBD technique,
laboratory investigations and finally the design of the overall thickness of the road pavement and overlay whatsoever required to strengthen the road stretches.
IRJET- Self-Cleaning of Street by Sewage Treated Water using Street StudIRJET Journal
The document discusses a proposed solution to clean streets using treated sewage water sprayed from nozzles inside road studs. The main points are:
1) Road cracks and accidents are issues in India due to varying temperatures. Spraying water daily can reuse roads quickly.
2) The proposed solution involves fitting sprinklers inside road studs to spray water in a circular motion to clean streets. Pipes would supply water to the studs.
3) Treated sewage water would be used which meets pH standards. Nozzles would spray water then retract when off. This would clean streets and dry roads quickly while reusing treated water.
Response of Segmental Bridge when Subjected to Seismic ExcitationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research analyzing the response of a segmental bridge subjected to seismic excitation. Key points:
- The designed segmental bridge was 8.8m wide, 2m deep and 31m long with M50 grade concrete.
- The bridge's response was analyzed for different seismic zones in India using various methods like the Indian code IS 1893(Part 1) 2002, force-based design and displacement-based design.
- Results like base shear, bending moment, stress and displacement were calculated and compared for different soil types including rock, gravel and silt/clay.
- Response was also analyzed for actual earthquake occurrences by calculating parameters like earthquake force, time period, frequency, displacement and
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Flexible Pavement in Amaravati Governemnt C...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and analysis of flexible pavements for a government complex in Amravati, India. It describes surveying the site using drones and GPS, testing the soil properties including moisture content and bearing capacity, and estimating traffic levels of 5 million standard axles over the design life. The flexible pavement design was performed using IRC code guidelines based on the soil test results and traffic estimate. Key layers of the flexible pavement include granular sub-base and bituminous surface.
Upgradation of low cost roughness measuring equipment and development of perf...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Today road and transport authorities around the world collectively spend large sums of money each year enhancing and maintaining their road networks. Road users in the majority of countries around the world continue to desire better and smoother roads, despite pressure on road authorities to further reduce expenditure. This pressure is brought about, because funding for road infrastructure is only one of the many priorities competing for Government funds. Pavements cannot be managed to the degree desired by decision makers, unless detailed accurate information and analysis supports the system. Road roughness data is considered one of the most important aspects of road condition information used in practice in pavement management systems.
At present in the market, we have various roughness measuring equipments starting from costliest equipment such as ARAN laser (which uses laser beam to measure the roughness) to moderately costly Bump integrator (which uses the bump counts made by the probe wheel), to cheaper equipment such as MERLIN (which uses the slope value of the wheel to calculate the roughness). In the present research work, an attempt is made to develop low cost roughness measuring equipment and to check its reliability and repeatability to minimize the calibration error. It is calibrated using Bump integrator.
Keywords: roughness, low cost equipment, calibration error
Investigation and Improvement of Road Pavement Section for Rankuva Crossing t...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study investigating and proposing improvements to the road pavement section from Rankuva Crossing to Chikhali-Vansda Road in India. The study aims to analyze the existing road conditions, identify causes of deterioration, and develop a maintenance strategy. Data collection includes visual inspections and tests to evaluate stresses and deflections. Analysis shows the road experiences high commercial traffic volumes beyond its intended design capacity from a nearby quarry. Stretches between 3.5-4.5 km and 5-6 km are found to be in poor condition with cracking, rutting, and potholes. The concluded maintenance strategy involves structural improvements like overlays to strengthen the pavement for current overloaded traffic conditions.
This document is a roadway condition survey report submitted by 5 students. It includes an introduction describing the purpose of the survey which was to examine the existing conditions of a road section in Dhaka from Russel Square to Panthapath intersection. The survey measured various geometric and operational parameters of the roadway including lane widths, shoulder conditions, signs, markings and obstacles. The results found issues like reduced widths due to buildings, lack of pedestrian facilities and non-functional traffic signals. Recommendations included removing obstructions, adding turning lanes and improving signage and markings.
Investigation And Improvement of Road Pavement Section For Rankuva Crossing T...IRJET Journal
This document discusses investigations into improving the road pavement section from Rankuva Crossing to Chikhali-Vansda Road in India. It begins with an abstract that outlines the need for timely highway pavement maintenance to prevent rapid deterioration. The objectives of the study are then presented, which include analyzing the existing traffic flow, surface conditions, and geometry to identify causes of deterioration. Literature on highway pavement design, maintenance, and performance evaluation is also reviewed. The document discusses methods that will be used in the study, including classifying failure patterns through visual inspection and studying visual and structural maintenance needs. Stress and deflection testing methods for the road section will also be determined. The introduction provides background on road infrastructure in Gujarat state.
A review of Design and Construction Parameters of PavementsIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of various parameters related to the design and construction of pavements. It summarizes 10 research papers on topics like geometric design, pavement surfaces, sustainable pavement engineering, pavement skid resistance, and pavement construction. The review finds that while extensive research has been conducted, the information has not been fully applied in practice. It also notes that individual studies often focus on single parameters rather than taking a holistic approach. The document aims to consolidate relevant information from the literature to help inform more sustainable and cost-effective pavement design and development.
Road Safety Audit of Chamarajanagar to Haradanahalli District Forest - NH 948IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a road safety audit conducted on NH 948 from Chamarajanagar to Haradanahalli District Forest in India. The study aimed to identify accident blackspots along the 18.2 km stretch and provide recommendations. Accident data from 2017-2019 was collected and the stretch was divided into 5 sections. The section from Somawarapete to Haradanahalli junction had the highest accident rate based on an accident point weightage analysis. Common issues found along the road included lack of signs, markings, and maintenance. The audit identified hazards to improve safety and reduce accidents according to Indian Road Congress guidelines. Conducting road safety audits is an effective way to analyze accidents and recommend
Similar to Performance Evaluation of Rigid Pavements (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024)GiselleginaGloria
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024) will act as a major forum for the presentation of innovative ideas, approaches, developments, and research projects in the area advanced Artificial Intelligence. It will also serve to facilitate the exchange of information between researchers and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and advancement in the research area. Core areas of AI and advanced multi-disciplinary and its applications will be covered during the conferences.
An In-Depth Exploration of Natural Language Processing: Evolution, Applicatio...DharmaBanothu
Natural language processing (NLP) has
recently garnered significant interest for the
computational representation and analysis of human
language. Its applications span multiple domains such
as machine translation, email spam detection,
information extraction, summarization, healthcare,
and question answering. This paper first delineates
four phases by examining various levels of NLP and
components of Natural Language Generation,
followed by a review of the history and progression of
NLP. Subsequently, we delve into the current state of
the art by presenting diverse NLP applications,
contemporary trends, and challenges. Finally, we
discuss some available datasets, models, and
evaluation metrics in NLP.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
This document provides basic guidelines for imparitallity requirement of ISO 17025. It defines in detial how it is met and wiudhwdih jdhsjdhwudjwkdbjwkdddddddddddkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwioiiiiiiiiiiiii uwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwhe wiqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq gbbbbbbbbbbbbb owdjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj widhi owqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq uwdhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhwqiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw0pooooojjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj whhhhhhhhhhh wheeeeeeee wihieiiiiii wihe
e qqqqqqqqqqeuwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiqw dddddddddd cccccccccccccccv s w c r
cdf cb bicbsad ishd d qwkbdwiur e wetwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww w
dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffw
uuuuhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhe qiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbu uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuum
m
m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm m i
g i dijsd sjdnsjd ndjajsdnnsa adjdnawddddddddddddd uw
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Sachpazis_Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code and th...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code
By Professor Dr. Costas Sachpazis, Civil Engineer & Geologist
This program calculates the consolidation settlement for a foundation based on soil layer properties and foundation data. It allows users to input multiple soil layers and foundation characteristics to determine the total settlement.
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.