IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses origin-destination (OD) surveys, which are used to understand travel patterns in a given area. It outlines several common methods for conducting OD surveys, including roadside interviews, license plate tracking, and mail/phone surveys. A case study is presented on an OD survey conducted at Havanur Circle junction in Bangalore, India using roadside interviews. The survey found most trips were for work or shopping. Recommendations included changing signal timing and adding infrastructure like underpasses to reduce congestion.
IRJET- Passing Opportunity Model of Vehicles on Two Lane Undivided Highways u...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study on developing a passing opportunity model for vehicles on two-lane undivided highways under mixed traffic conditions. Data was collected through a moving car method and video recording on two highway sections. The study analyzed factors such as traffic density, opposing gap, speed of overtaking/overtaken/opposing vehicles, and type of opposing vehicle. A logit model was developed using binary logistic regression, showing that passing opportunity depends on density in the opposite direction, type and speed of opposing vehicle, opposing gap, and speed of the overtaking vehicle. The model had high accuracy in predicting drivers' passing decisions.
IRJET- Study of Existing Highways and their Capacity ImprovementsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study of an existing two-lane highway in India to analyze its current capacity and propose improvements. The study focuses on a 45km stretch of National Highway 72 between Ambala City and Naraingarh in Haryana. Primary data on traffic volumes and road characteristics was collected through surveys. Secondary data was also reviewed. The maximum daily traffic volume found was 25,000 passenger car units, exceeding the recommended design capacity of 15,000 passenger car units for a two-lane rural road. As a result, the study proposes widening the highway to increase its capacity and address current traffic issues like congestion.
This document is a roadway condition survey report submitted by 5 students. It includes an introduction describing the purpose of the survey which was to examine the existing conditions of a road section in Dhaka from Russel Square to Panthapath intersection. The survey measured various geometric and operational parameters of the roadway including lane widths, shoulder conditions, signs, markings and obstacles. The results found issues like reduced widths due to buildings, lack of pedestrian facilities and non-functional traffic signals. Recommendations included removing obstructions, adding turning lanes and improving signage and markings.
The document discusses Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). ITS uses technologies like sensors, microchips and wireless communication to make transportation systems more efficient and safe. It allows different elements of transportation infrastructure like vehicles, traffic lights and message signs to communicate with each other. ITS aims to reduce traffic, environmental impact and accidents through real-time traffic information and communication between vehicles and infrastructure. ITS has become necessary due to high road accident deaths worldwide. Traditional safety improvements are not enough to address this problem so ITS provides a better solution through improved safety, mobility and connectivity. The document outlines some ITS applications for traffic management, commuters and emergency response.
Traffic engineering deals with improving traffic flow and performance on road networks through systematic studies and engineering applications. It includes planning, design, regulation, and control of traffic. The objectives of traffic engineering are to achieve efficient and safe traffic flow with minimal delays and accidents. It covers various areas like traffic studies and analysis, planning, design, operation, safety, and administration. The overall goal is to facilitate convenient, rapid, and economic transportation of people and goods.
This document discusses a traffic analysis project on Gomti Nagar in Lucknow, India with respect to pedestrian facilities. It provides background on traffic studies and their purpose in evaluating transportation systems. It also outlines different types of traffic counts and analysis methods, including manual counts, cordon counts, screen line counts, intersection counts, and pedestrian counts. The document describes the project timeline and concludes that future transportation investments in the area must be strategically coordinated with land use plans to maximize benefits.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses origin-destination (OD) surveys, which are used to understand travel patterns in a given area. It outlines several common methods for conducting OD surveys, including roadside interviews, license plate tracking, and mail/phone surveys. A case study is presented on an OD survey conducted at Havanur Circle junction in Bangalore, India using roadside interviews. The survey found most trips were for work or shopping. Recommendations included changing signal timing and adding infrastructure like underpasses to reduce congestion.
IRJET- Passing Opportunity Model of Vehicles on Two Lane Undivided Highways u...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study on developing a passing opportunity model for vehicles on two-lane undivided highways under mixed traffic conditions. Data was collected through a moving car method and video recording on two highway sections. The study analyzed factors such as traffic density, opposing gap, speed of overtaking/overtaken/opposing vehicles, and type of opposing vehicle. A logit model was developed using binary logistic regression, showing that passing opportunity depends on density in the opposite direction, type and speed of opposing vehicle, opposing gap, and speed of the overtaking vehicle. The model had high accuracy in predicting drivers' passing decisions.
IRJET- Study of Existing Highways and their Capacity ImprovementsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study of an existing two-lane highway in India to analyze its current capacity and propose improvements. The study focuses on a 45km stretch of National Highway 72 between Ambala City and Naraingarh in Haryana. Primary data on traffic volumes and road characteristics was collected through surveys. Secondary data was also reviewed. The maximum daily traffic volume found was 25,000 passenger car units, exceeding the recommended design capacity of 15,000 passenger car units for a two-lane rural road. As a result, the study proposes widening the highway to increase its capacity and address current traffic issues like congestion.
This document is a roadway condition survey report submitted by 5 students. It includes an introduction describing the purpose of the survey which was to examine the existing conditions of a road section in Dhaka from Russel Square to Panthapath intersection. The survey measured various geometric and operational parameters of the roadway including lane widths, shoulder conditions, signs, markings and obstacles. The results found issues like reduced widths due to buildings, lack of pedestrian facilities and non-functional traffic signals. Recommendations included removing obstructions, adding turning lanes and improving signage and markings.
The document discusses Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). ITS uses technologies like sensors, microchips and wireless communication to make transportation systems more efficient and safe. It allows different elements of transportation infrastructure like vehicles, traffic lights and message signs to communicate with each other. ITS aims to reduce traffic, environmental impact and accidents through real-time traffic information and communication between vehicles and infrastructure. ITS has become necessary due to high road accident deaths worldwide. Traditional safety improvements are not enough to address this problem so ITS provides a better solution through improved safety, mobility and connectivity. The document outlines some ITS applications for traffic management, commuters and emergency response.
Traffic engineering deals with improving traffic flow and performance on road networks through systematic studies and engineering applications. It includes planning, design, regulation, and control of traffic. The objectives of traffic engineering are to achieve efficient and safe traffic flow with minimal delays and accidents. It covers various areas like traffic studies and analysis, planning, design, operation, safety, and administration. The overall goal is to facilitate convenient, rapid, and economic transportation of people and goods.
This document discusses a traffic analysis project on Gomti Nagar in Lucknow, India with respect to pedestrian facilities. It provides background on traffic studies and their purpose in evaluating transportation systems. It also outlines different types of traffic counts and analysis methods, including manual counts, cordon counts, screen line counts, intersection counts, and pedestrian counts. The document describes the project timeline and concludes that future transportation investments in the area must be strategically coordinated with land use plans to maximize benefits.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
accident report for cars
form for accident report
blue report for accident
accident reports for nc
the best study method
effective study methods
causes of accidents
factors affecting accidents
how accident data are collected
flow characteristic study of traffic on national highwayVinaykumar Koli
This document presents a study on analyzing traffic flow characteristics on national highways in India. It aims to develop a new methodology for studying traffic flow, validate the methodology, analyze traffic data from two-lane highways under varying conditions, and estimate adjustment factors. The methodology involves identifying problems, formulating objectives, selecting a study area, conducting literature reviews, collecting data using the moving observer method, analyzing scenarios, evaluating scenarios, and finding remedial measures. A literature review covers past studies on traffic composition, volumes, speeds and the impact of factors like gradient, lane width and pavement conditions.
The document discusses a study on the pros and cons of road widening. It aims to analyze the impact of road widening on local residents and the environment. The study finds that while road widening provides benefits like reduced travel times and boosted property values, it also has negative effects like increased dust, removal of trees, and impacts on wildlife habitats. The document concludes that road widening projects have both favorable and unfavorable impacts locally and environmentally, so authorities should aim to minimize negative effects and complete projects in a timely manner.
This document discusses traffic characteristics and engineering. It defines traffic engineering as dealing with planning and designing streets and highways for safe, efficient traffic flow. Road users and their physical, mental, psychological characteristics are examined, as well as vehicles' static properties like weight and dimensions, and dynamic properties like speed and braking. Traffic surveys study these characteristics to determine road geometry and controls. Perception, intellect, emotion and volition times that make up a driver's total reaction time are also outlined.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
Simulation of pedestrian at intersection in urban congested areaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of vibration characteristics of transport utility vehicle by finite ...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the vibration characteristics of a transport utility vehicle using finite element analysis. A computer model of the vehicle was created using surface modeling. The model was then meshed and modal analysis was performed to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes under different loading conditions. The results identified the first six natural frequencies between 5.5-9.4 Hz and showed maximum deflections occurring in the front, mid, and rear portions of the vehicle for each mode of vibration. The study provides valuable information about the vehicle's dynamic behavior to enhance passenger comfort and safety.
Traffic engineering deals with measuring and analyzing traffic to achieve safe and efficient movement of people and goods. Key aspects include conducting traffic studies to understand volume, speed, origin-destination, and accidents. The arrangements made to control traffic flow and avoid accidents include road signs, markings, signals, and traffic islands. Signs are used to warn, direct, and guide users through regulatory, warning, and informational signs. Markings are lines and symbols applied to roadways to warn, inform and guide users. Together signs and markings help control traffic and ensure safety.
t the end of this workshop participants will be able to:
Anticipate future traffic problems of a transportation network
Understand the use and limitations of various modes of transportation and learn a technique to design an efficient transportation system by combination of these
Understand the concept of Level of Service of the transport system and techniques to maintain those within acceptable limits
Obtain guidance in the traffic control systems and their use during special events as well as during construction
Develop an intelligent transportation system as well as efficient parking system
Be aware of and be able to evaluate the effects of any new development on the adjacent traffic network
Understanding the concepts of traffic calming, forecasts, traffic management systems
Acquire a basic knowledge of standards of transportation safety
Obtain sufficient knowledge to manage traffic in your small neighborhood/ complex/construction site
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Architects
Builders and developers
Civil engineers
Development control officers
Engineers and technicians in charge of a construction site
Town planners
Traffic control authorities of big events
http://www.idc-online.com/content/transportation-planning-and-management-27
1) Traffic management techniques include ramp metering, which uses traffic lights to control the flow of vehicles entering highways and maintain steady traffic flow.
2) Physical changes to roads, such as converting two-way streets to one-way streets, road markings, and tidal flow lanes that change direction during peak hours, can improve traffic flow.
3) Providing information through signs helps guide drivers and encourages alternatives to single-occupancy vehicles, such as high-occupancy vehicle lanes that prioritize cars with multiple passengers.
The means of transportation in the above exercise vary from pedestrian traffic to animal-drawn transport and finally to Jambo jet aircraft.
In between these two extreme modes of transport intermediaries such as cycles, rickshaws, auto rickshaws, scooters and motor cycles, cars, jeeps, buses and rails finally leading to international travels by air or sea.
The corresponding modes of transportation also vary from footpaths, to village roads, district roads, provincial highways, national highways, the proposed Expressways, Waterways, Airways and navigational waterways
Traffic engineering deals with applying scientific principles and techniques to facilitate the safe, efficient movement of people and goods. It aims to achieve free flow of traffic with minimal accidents. Key aspects studied include traffic characteristics, volumes, speeds, origins/destinations, flow, capacity, parking, and accidents. Data is collected through surveys and analysis informs planning, design, operation, and management of road infrastructure.
Traffic engineering involves the planning and design of roads and intersections to optimize traffic flow. Key aspects include conducting traffic studies to determine volume and patterns, installing traffic control devices like signs and signals, designing intersections, and separating road grades. Traffic signs help regulate, warn, and guide drivers while markings delineate lanes and spaces. Intersections come in various forms like squares, Ts, and Ys, with squares and roundabouts being safer options. Grade separations allow roads to cross without intersecting to reduce conflicts. Accident prevention requires both engineering solutions and enforcement of traffic rules.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in transportation engineering, including elements of traffic engineering and traffic control. It discusses factors that affect traffic such as road users, vehicles, and the environment. It also summarizes major sections of traffic engineering like traffic characteristics, studies, operation, planning, and management. Specific traffic studies covered include volume, speed, delay, origin-destination, flow, capacity, and parking surveys. Traffic control devices like signs, signals, markings, and delineators are also introduced.
Traffic engineering is a branch of civil engineering that uses techniques to achieve the safe and efficient movement of people and goods on roadways. It deals with applying scientific principles and tools for safe, rapid, economical traffic flow. The basic goal is efficient traffic flow with few accidents. Traffic engineering can be divided into sections including traffic characteristics, studies and analysis, operation and control, planning and analysis, geometric design, and administration. Traffic characteristics include road user characteristics like physical and mental traits, and vehicular characteristics like dimensions, weight, speed and braking. Traffic studies collect data on volumes, speeds, origins-destinations and accidents. Control devices include signs, signals and markings to regulate traffic.
System to convert 2 d x-ray image into 3-d x-ray image in dentistryeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Self checking approach for reducing soft errors in states of fsmeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
accident report for cars
form for accident report
blue report for accident
accident reports for nc
the best study method
effective study methods
causes of accidents
factors affecting accidents
how accident data are collected
flow characteristic study of traffic on national highwayVinaykumar Koli
This document presents a study on analyzing traffic flow characteristics on national highways in India. It aims to develop a new methodology for studying traffic flow, validate the methodology, analyze traffic data from two-lane highways under varying conditions, and estimate adjustment factors. The methodology involves identifying problems, formulating objectives, selecting a study area, conducting literature reviews, collecting data using the moving observer method, analyzing scenarios, evaluating scenarios, and finding remedial measures. A literature review covers past studies on traffic composition, volumes, speeds and the impact of factors like gradient, lane width and pavement conditions.
The document discusses a study on the pros and cons of road widening. It aims to analyze the impact of road widening on local residents and the environment. The study finds that while road widening provides benefits like reduced travel times and boosted property values, it also has negative effects like increased dust, removal of trees, and impacts on wildlife habitats. The document concludes that road widening projects have both favorable and unfavorable impacts locally and environmentally, so authorities should aim to minimize negative effects and complete projects in a timely manner.
This document discusses traffic characteristics and engineering. It defines traffic engineering as dealing with planning and designing streets and highways for safe, efficient traffic flow. Road users and their physical, mental, psychological characteristics are examined, as well as vehicles' static properties like weight and dimensions, and dynamic properties like speed and braking. Traffic surveys study these characteristics to determine road geometry and controls. Perception, intellect, emotion and volition times that make up a driver's total reaction time are also outlined.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
Simulation of pedestrian at intersection in urban congested areaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of vibration characteristics of transport utility vehicle by finite ...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the vibration characteristics of a transport utility vehicle using finite element analysis. A computer model of the vehicle was created using surface modeling. The model was then meshed and modal analysis was performed to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes under different loading conditions. The results identified the first six natural frequencies between 5.5-9.4 Hz and showed maximum deflections occurring in the front, mid, and rear portions of the vehicle for each mode of vibration. The study provides valuable information about the vehicle's dynamic behavior to enhance passenger comfort and safety.
Traffic engineering deals with measuring and analyzing traffic to achieve safe and efficient movement of people and goods. Key aspects include conducting traffic studies to understand volume, speed, origin-destination, and accidents. The arrangements made to control traffic flow and avoid accidents include road signs, markings, signals, and traffic islands. Signs are used to warn, direct, and guide users through regulatory, warning, and informational signs. Markings are lines and symbols applied to roadways to warn, inform and guide users. Together signs and markings help control traffic and ensure safety.
t the end of this workshop participants will be able to:
Anticipate future traffic problems of a transportation network
Understand the use and limitations of various modes of transportation and learn a technique to design an efficient transportation system by combination of these
Understand the concept of Level of Service of the transport system and techniques to maintain those within acceptable limits
Obtain guidance in the traffic control systems and their use during special events as well as during construction
Develop an intelligent transportation system as well as efficient parking system
Be aware of and be able to evaluate the effects of any new development on the adjacent traffic network
Understanding the concepts of traffic calming, forecasts, traffic management systems
Acquire a basic knowledge of standards of transportation safety
Obtain sufficient knowledge to manage traffic in your small neighborhood/ complex/construction site
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Architects
Builders and developers
Civil engineers
Development control officers
Engineers and technicians in charge of a construction site
Town planners
Traffic control authorities of big events
http://www.idc-online.com/content/transportation-planning-and-management-27
1) Traffic management techniques include ramp metering, which uses traffic lights to control the flow of vehicles entering highways and maintain steady traffic flow.
2) Physical changes to roads, such as converting two-way streets to one-way streets, road markings, and tidal flow lanes that change direction during peak hours, can improve traffic flow.
3) Providing information through signs helps guide drivers and encourages alternatives to single-occupancy vehicles, such as high-occupancy vehicle lanes that prioritize cars with multiple passengers.
The means of transportation in the above exercise vary from pedestrian traffic to animal-drawn transport and finally to Jambo jet aircraft.
In between these two extreme modes of transport intermediaries such as cycles, rickshaws, auto rickshaws, scooters and motor cycles, cars, jeeps, buses and rails finally leading to international travels by air or sea.
The corresponding modes of transportation also vary from footpaths, to village roads, district roads, provincial highways, national highways, the proposed Expressways, Waterways, Airways and navigational waterways
Traffic engineering deals with applying scientific principles and techniques to facilitate the safe, efficient movement of people and goods. It aims to achieve free flow of traffic with minimal accidents. Key aspects studied include traffic characteristics, volumes, speeds, origins/destinations, flow, capacity, parking, and accidents. Data is collected through surveys and analysis informs planning, design, operation, and management of road infrastructure.
Traffic engineering involves the planning and design of roads and intersections to optimize traffic flow. Key aspects include conducting traffic studies to determine volume and patterns, installing traffic control devices like signs and signals, designing intersections, and separating road grades. Traffic signs help regulate, warn, and guide drivers while markings delineate lanes and spaces. Intersections come in various forms like squares, Ts, and Ys, with squares and roundabouts being safer options. Grade separations allow roads to cross without intersecting to reduce conflicts. Accident prevention requires both engineering solutions and enforcement of traffic rules.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in transportation engineering, including elements of traffic engineering and traffic control. It discusses factors that affect traffic such as road users, vehicles, and the environment. It also summarizes major sections of traffic engineering like traffic characteristics, studies, operation, planning, and management. Specific traffic studies covered include volume, speed, delay, origin-destination, flow, capacity, and parking surveys. Traffic control devices like signs, signals, markings, and delineators are also introduced.
Traffic engineering is a branch of civil engineering that uses techniques to achieve the safe and efficient movement of people and goods on roadways. It deals with applying scientific principles and tools for safe, rapid, economical traffic flow. The basic goal is efficient traffic flow with few accidents. Traffic engineering can be divided into sections including traffic characteristics, studies and analysis, operation and control, planning and analysis, geometric design, and administration. Traffic characteristics include road user characteristics like physical and mental traits, and vehicular characteristics like dimensions, weight, speed and braking. Traffic studies collect data on volumes, speeds, origins-destinations and accidents. Control devices include signs, signals and markings to regulate traffic.
System to convert 2 d x-ray image into 3-d x-ray image in dentistryeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Self checking approach for reducing soft errors in states of fsmeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Root cause failure analysis of blanking device of strainer housing used in st...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Lake sediment thickness estimation using ground penetrating radareSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study that used ground penetrating radar (GPR) to estimate the thickness and volume of sediments in Punem Lake, India. GPR profiles identified two sediment layers in the lake. The thickness of the first layer ranged from 0.02m to 1.16m with an average of 0.5m, while the second layer ranged from 0.08m to 0.99m with an average of 0.37m. Sediment volume was estimated at 260,303 cubic meters for the first layer and 188,171 cubic meters for the second layer. Thicker sediments were found toward the north, northeast, and east of the lake for the first layer and toward the north, northeast, and west for
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Review study on performance of seismically tested repaired shear wallseSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes research on the performance of reinforced concrete shear walls that have been repaired after damage. It begins with an introduction to shear walls and their failure modes. The literature review then discusses the behavior of original shear walls as well as different repair techniques tested by other researchers, including conventional repair with new concrete, jacketing with steel plates or concrete, and use of fiber reinforced polymers. The document focuses on evaluating the strength retention of shear walls after being repaired with various methods.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and TechnologyImprov...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes techniques for improving web search results through web personalization. It discusses how web usage mining can be used to optimize information by monitoring user interaction histories and profiles. The proposed system aims to reduce manual user feedback by implicitly gathering preferences from behaviors like click-through rates and dwell times. It introduces an algorithm that calculates new ranking values for websites based on keyword matches and time spent on pages, and swaps ranks accordingly. This system provides personalized search results by continuously updating rankings based on implicit user interactions.
Analysis the effects of different types of tool on metal spinning processeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Identification of isomorphism and detection of distinct mechanism of kinemati...eSAT Publishing House
This document presents a new method for identifying isomorphism and detecting distinct mechanisms in kinematic chains. It develops a structural invariant based on link-link path distances to assign unique labels to each link. The link labels are combined to calculate a Kinematic Chain Label (KCL) value, which is proposed as a unique identifier for detecting isomorphism between chains. The method is demonstrated on examples of planar kinematic chains with different numbers of links. Chains with identical KCL values are identified as isomorphic, while distinct KCL values indicate non-isomorphic chains. The link labels and KCL are also able to find the distinct mechanisms within a single kinematic chain.
Geometry condition survey from panthapath to russel square report submited by...Pronob Ghosh
This document describes the methodology for conducting a roadway condition survey in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The survey involves both manual and automated methods. For the manual survey, raters will walk or drive along the road and record distresses on the pavement surface, intersections, traffic signals, signs, and other elements. The automated survey uses a specialized vehicle to quickly collect pavement condition data at highway speeds. The results of the survey will be used to assess maintenance needs and plan repairs for the roadway.
Road Safety Audit of Chamarajanagar to Haradanahalli District Forest - NH 948IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a road safety audit conducted on NH 948 from Chamarajanagar to Haradanahalli District Forest in India. The study aimed to identify accident blackspots along the 18.2 km stretch and provide recommendations. Accident data from 2017-2019 was collected and the stretch was divided into 5 sections. The section from Somawarapete to Haradanahalli junction had the highest accident rate based on an accident point weightage analysis. Common issues found along the road included lack of signs, markings, and maintenance. The audit identified hazards to improve safety and reduce accidents according to Indian Road Congress guidelines. Conducting road safety audits is an effective way to analyze accidents and recommend
Design of traffic signal on NH-12 near Barkatullah University, Bhopal Distric...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on designing traffic signals on NH-12 near Barkatullah University in Bhopal, India. It begins with an abstract describing the growth of traffic in major towns due to industrialization and urbanization. The objectives of the study are to minimize delays at intersections, improve traffic flow, and enhance the level of service. Existing traffic volumes were measured using manual counts, and signals were designed using the Webster and two-phase signal methods. Key findings include calculated passenger car units per hour, saturation flow rates for different lane widths, and cycle times determined using the Webster method to minimize total vehicle delay. The study methodology involved manual traffic counts, conversion to passenger car units, and signal design using two-phase
An investigation of the design implications for openings in a sub standard me...eSAT Journals
background information for engineers to make decisions on closure, spacing and
design of median openings on multilane divided highways with substandard medians and to identify the key issues associated with
such decisions. The information made available should contribute to the development of a strategy for closing medians to arrive at the
best compromise between safety and mobility. State Highway-17 in the state of Karnataka, was selected as a pilot corridor for this
study which has a major safety concern of informal median openings. Based on the analysis of the crash data, a section of 5 km was
selected to carry out detailed traffic studies at all the median openings. It was found that the turning movements along the corridor
are dominated by motorized two wheelers. It was then concluded that the median openings along the highway should be tailored to the
dominating vehicle type. The study suggests that the informal median openings are due to longer diversion caused by the closure of
openings. It was also found that many informal median openings shown to be related to motor related trade and other outlets. This
needs to be considered in the strategy.
Keywords: Substandard medians, key issues, strategy, safety and mobility, dominating vehicle type, turning movements,
motor related trade.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An investigation of the design implications for openings in a sub standard me...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The removal of Fluoride from synthetic sample by adsorption on chemical activated carbon (CaCl2) prepared from Phoenix
Dactylifera (Date Plam) seeds have been carried out at room temperature 32 ± 1oC. Batch tests were conducted for the removal of
Fluoride on chemically activated carbon with Impregnation ratio’s (I.R) 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 for optimum time, optimum dosage and
optimum pH. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained at an I.R. ratio of 0.75. The optimum contact time, adsorbent dose and
pH for carbon with I.R-0.75 was 40min, 140mg and 7.00 respectively, with fluoride removal efficiency of 93%, 93.5% and 94.5%
respectively has been observed.
Keywords: Fluoride, Activated carbon, Contact time, Dosage, pH, Phoenix Dactylifera (Date Plam) seeds.
Traffic census and analysis (a case study)eSAT Journals
Abstract Traffic Census is the baseline of Transportation Engineering. All management as well as engineering operations are done on the
basis of this only. There is a considerable variations in flow, so for the purpose of designing averaging of these counts is done into
single volume count. There are four main methods of Traffic Census namely Manual Method, Automatic Method, Combination of
Manual and Automatic Method and Photographic Methods. All these have their pros and cons. These have different preferences
with respect to Accuracy, ease of Documentation, Versatility and economics. Three main methods of Traffic Analysis IRC, U.K
method and U.S.A practices have been discussed along with IOWA Department of Transport guidelines for measurement of
Congestion. For better management of Traffic, duration of Survey as per IRC has to be increased as urban areas are moving from
Developed to developing. Sanat Nagar/Rawalpora Intersection is the most important that is encountered in 17.8km stretch of
NH1A Bypass which is expected to be the jugular Vein of the Greater Srinagar City. It can be considered as a place where whole
of Kashmir meets. A case study of Traffic Census and Analysis of the said intersection is presented.
Keywords: Traffic Census, Traffic Analysis, Transport
Analyzing the role of Highway & their Maintenance A case studyIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the role of highways and their maintenance through a case study. It begins by examining the importance of highways in facilitating transportation and economic growth. It then explores factors that influence highway performance like traffic and weather. The document also investigates key maintenance activities and challenges in highway upkeep like funding. It emphasizes the significance of effective maintenance for ensuring highway safety and longevity. The analysis provides insights for transportation stakeholders involved in managing highway infrastructure.
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FLYOVER AT PERUMBAVOOR SIGNALIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a proposed flyover at a signalized intersection in Perumbavoor, India to address traffic congestion issues.
2) Traffic volume data was collected manually at the intersection and converted to passenger car units (PCU). The road with the highest volume was identified.
3) Field measurements of the intersection were taken using a total station. A flyover was proposed as the maximum volume a roundabout can handle was exceeded.
4) A 2D and 3D design of the proposed 580.5m flyover was developed in AutoCAD and Revit based on survey data and design standards. The flyover is expected to significantly improve traffic flow at the intersection.
Need ornamentation.This was a crude copy.Special Thanks to AUST'ian.BUET ian should make a new way of reporting.Dont mind to found enomous mistake in mine..It was prepared in a very short time
MODELLING OF PEDESTRIAN GAP ACCEPTANCE BEHAVIOUR AT UNCONTROLLED INTERSECTIONSIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that aimed to model safe gap acceptance behavior for pedestrians crossing at uncontrolled intersections. The researchers collected data on pedestrian and traffic characteristics like speed, volume, and gap lengths at four intersections through video recordings. They then used multiple linear regression to develop a model for the length of gaps accepted by pedestrians based on variables like traffic volume, pedestrian speed, number of rejected gaps, and presence of traffic controls. The model can help analyze pedestrian safety and risks at uncontrolled crossings.
Performance Evaluation of Rigid PavementsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study evaluating the performance of cement concrete and rigid pavement test stretches in rural India. Nine test stretches were selected across varying conditions and evaluated based on pavement roughness, distress levels like cracking and scaling, and ratings by panels. International roughness index, pavement condition index, and present serviceability index equations were developed based on roughness and distress data to assess pavement condition. The results will help determine appropriate maintenance to increase road service life.
A study on gap acceptance of unsignalized intersection under mixed traffic co...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on analyzing the capacity of unsignalized intersections under mixed traffic conditions in Visakhapatnam, India using the conflict technique method. Traffic data was collected through manual counts at three intersections to determine traffic volumes, flows, and capacities. The modified Tanner's formula capacity model was found to be most suitable. Tables and figures show the results of the traffic data collection, including the maximum number of vehicles and capacities for different turning movements at each intersection during morning and evening peak hours. The conclusions indicate the conflict technique is a simple method for this analysis and the modified Tanner's formula provided the best model.
Traffic Circulation, Diversion, and Management Plan for Ahmedabad- Mumbai Hig...IRJET Journal
This document provides a traffic circulation, diversion, and management plan for Package C-7 of the Ahmedabad-Mumbai High Speed Rail Corridor. Package C-7 is an 18.133 km stretch that includes the upcoming Ahmedabad and Sabarmati stations. Primary traffic surveys were conducted along the corridor, including traffic volume counts, turning movement counts, and origin-destination surveys. Based on the survey results, the existing level of service was analyzed. A traffic circulation plan is proposed for construction vehicles, including designated routes parallel to the corridor and railway crossings. The plan aims to minimize congestion impacts and ensure safety during construction activities.
Upgradation of low cost roughness measuring equipment and development of perf...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Today road and transport authorities around the world collectively spend large sums of money each year enhancing and maintaining their road networks. Road users in the majority of countries around the world continue to desire better and smoother roads, despite pressure on road authorities to further reduce expenditure. This pressure is brought about, because funding for road infrastructure is only one of the many priorities competing for Government funds. Pavements cannot be managed to the degree desired by decision makers, unless detailed accurate information and analysis supports the system. Road roughness data is considered one of the most important aspects of road condition information used in practice in pavement management systems.
At present in the market, we have various roughness measuring equipments starting from costliest equipment such as ARAN laser (which uses laser beam to measure the roughness) to moderately costly Bump integrator (which uses the bump counts made by the probe wheel), to cheaper equipment such as MERLIN (which uses the slope value of the wheel to calculate the roughness). In the present research work, an attempt is made to develop low cost roughness measuring equipment and to check its reliability and repeatability to minimize the calibration error. It is calibrated using Bump integrator.
Keywords: roughness, low cost equipment, calibration error
This document discusses traffic parameters such as volume count, spot speed study, and saturation flow that are important inputs for transportation planning and operations. It describes how traffic volume is measured in passenger car units per hour to account for different vehicle types. Spot speed indicates the instantaneous speed of vehicles at a point, while density represents the number of vehicles per unit length of road. The document presents the methodology for analyzing these parameters under heterogeneous traffic conditions and concludes that improvements are needed for road widening, public transportation, and parking management to address congestion issues in India.
Identification of vehicular growth and its management on nh 202 in ranga redd...EditorIJAERD
This document summarizes a study on identifying vehicular growth and its management on NH-202 in Ranga Reddy District, India. Detailed traffic surveys were conducted on NH-202 and other major roads to assess baseline traffic characteristics. The surveys found high volumes of goods and passenger vehicles. The objectives of the study were to determine existing vehicular growth, pavement conditions for widening the single lane to double lane, equivalent single axle loads, and material selection and reuse for pavement construction. Traffic data analysis provided inputs for highway design, junction design, pavement design, and environmental impact assessment to manage the identified vehicular growth on NH-202.
Design of Highway with Major Bridge on Stagnant WaterIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that designed a highway and major bridge project in India. It analyzed traffic patterns and soil conditions to design sustainable pavement that meets standards. Hydraulic studies of a river were also conducted to design a safe bridge. The project included a 6-lane highway in Maharashtra, India. Traffic surveys found the soil CBR was low, so cement treatment of the sub-base was recommended. The bridge design considered hydraulic catchment of the dam. Economic analyses aimed to identify the most cost-effective design options.
ESTIMATION OF CAPACITY AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT USING LINEAR REGRESSIONIRJET Journal
This document presents a study that aimed to estimate the capacity of two-lane roads and develop a multiple linear regression model for capacity. Data on vehicle volumes, speeds and road geometry were collected from two sites in Kerala, India. The data was analyzed to determine vehicle proportions and speed profiles. A regression model for capacity was developed using SPSS with capacity as the dependent variable and factors like stream equivalency, shoulder width, and speed as independent variables. The model had good fit with an R2 value of 0.996. The study concluded that capacity is positively associated with shoulder width and speed, but negatively associated with stream equivalency factor.
Analysis of Traffic Congestion Characteristics for M.G. Road, AGRAIRJET Journal
This document analyzes traffic congestion characteristics on M.G. Road in Agra, India. Data was collected through video recordings and field surveys at three sections: Diwani crossing to Sursadan Tirtha, Sursadan Tiraha to Hariparvat Crossing, and Hariparvat Crossing to St. Johns Crossing. Traffic flow, speed, travel time, and geometric characteristics were measured. Speed and vehicle data is presented in tables for three junctions: Diwani Chaouraha, St. Johns Chaouraha, and Hariparvat Chaouraha. The analysis aims to understand traffic patterns to improve traffic management facilities on the congested M.G. Road
Similar to Development of pavement management strategies for (20)
Hudhud cyclone caused extensive damage in Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014, especially to tree cover. This will likely impact the local environment in several ways: increased air pollution as trees absorb less; higher temperatures without tree canopy; increased erosion and landslides. It also created large amounts of waste from destroyed trees. Proper management of solid waste is needed to prevent disease spread. Suggested measures include restoring damaged plants, building fountains to reduce heat, mandating light-colored buildings, improving waste management, and educating public on health risks. Overall, changes are needed to water, land, and waste practices to rebuild the environment after the cyclone removed green cover.
Impact of flood disaster in a drought prone area – case study of alampur vill...eSAT Publishing House
1) In September-October 2009, unprecedented heavy rainfall and dam releases caused widespread flooding in Alampur village in Mahabub Nagar district, a historically drought-prone area.
2) The flood damaged or destroyed homes, buildings, infrastructure, crops, and documents. It displaced many residents and cut off the village.
3) The socioeconomic conditions and mud-based construction of homes in the village exacerbated the flood's impacts, making damage more severe and recovery more difficult.
The document summarizes the Hudhud cyclone that struck Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014. It describes the cyclone's formation, rapid intensification to winds of 175 km/h, and landfall near Visakhapatnam. The cyclone caused extensive damage estimated at over $1 billion and at least 109 deaths in India and Nepal. Infrastructure like buildings, bridges, and power lines were destroyed. Crops and fishing boats were also damaged. The document then discusses coping strategies and improvements needed to disaster management plans to better prepare for future cyclones.
Groundwater investigation using geophysical methods a case study of pydibhim...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes the results of a geophysical investigation using vertical electrical sounding (VES) methods at 13 locations around an industrial area in India. The VES data was interpreted to generate geo-electric sections and pseudo-sections showing subsurface resistivity variations. Three main layers were typically identified - a high resistivity topsoil, a weathered middle layer, and a basement rock. Pseudo-sections revealed relatively more weathered areas in the northwest and southwest. Resistivity sections helped identify zones of possible high groundwater potential based on low resistivity anomalies sandwiched between more resistive layers. The study concluded the electrical resistivity method was useful for understanding subsurface geology and identifying areas prospective for groundwater exploration.
Flood related disasters concerned to urban flooding in bangalore, indiaeSAT Publishing House
1. The document discusses urban flooding in Bangalore, India. It describes how factors like heavy rainfall, population growth, and improper land use have contributed to increased flooding in the city.
2. Flooding events in 2013 are analyzed in detail. A November rainfall caused runoff six times higher than the drainage capacity, inundating low-lying residential areas.
3. Impacts of urban flooding include disrupted daily life, damaged infrastructure, and decreased economic activity in affected areas. The document calls for improved flood management strategies to better mitigate urban flooding risks in Bangalore.
Enhancing post disaster recovery by optimal infrastructure capacity buildingeSAT Publishing House
This document discusses enhancing post-disaster recovery through optimal infrastructure capacity building. It presents a model to minimize the cost of meeting demand using auxiliary capacities when disaster damages infrastructure. The model uses genetic algorithms to select optimal capacity combinations. The document reviews how infrastructure provides vital services supporting recovery activities and discusses classifying infrastructure into six types. When disaster reduces infrastructure services, a gap forms between community demands and available support, hindering recovery. The proposed research aims to identify this gap and optimize capacity selection to fill it cost-effectively.
Effect of lintel and lintel band on the global performance of reinforced conc...eSAT Publishing House
This document analyzes the effect of lintels and lintel bands on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete masonry infilled frames through non-linear static pushover analysis. Four frame models are considered: a frame with a full masonry infill wall; a frame with a central opening but no lintel/band; a frame with a lintel above the opening; and a frame with a lintel band above the opening. The results show that the full infill wall model has 27% higher stiffness and 32% higher strength than the model with just an opening. Models with lintels or lintel bands have slightly higher strength and stiffness than the model with just an opening. The document concludes lintels and lintel
Wind damage to trees in the gitam university campus at visakhapatnam by cyclo...eSAT Publishing House
1) A cyclone with wind speeds of 175-200 kph caused massive damage to the green cover of Gitam University campus in Visakhapatnam, India. Thousands of trees were uprooted or damaged.
2) A study assessed different types of damage to trees from the cyclone, including defoliation, salt spray damage, damage to stems/branches, and uprooting. Certain tree species were more vulnerable than others.
3) The results of the study can help in selecting more wind-resistant tree species for future planting and reducing damage from future storms.
Wind damage to buildings, infrastrucuture and landscape elements along the be...eSAT Publishing House
1) A visual study was conducted to assess wind damage from Cyclone Hudhud along the 27km Visakha-Bheemli Beach road in Visakhapatnam, India.
2) Residential and commercial buildings suffered extensive roof damage, while glass facades on hotels and restaurants were shattered. Infrastructure like electricity poles and bus shelters were destroyed.
3) Landscape elements faced damage, including collapsed trees that damaged pavements, and debris in parks. The cyclone wiped out over half the city's green cover and caused beach erosion around protected areas.
1) The document reviews factors that influence the shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beams, including compressive strength of concrete, percentage of tension reinforcement, vertical and horizontal web reinforcement, aggregate interlock, shear span-to-depth ratio, loading distribution, side cover, and beam depth.
2) It finds that compressive strength of concrete, tension reinforcement percentage, and web reinforcement all increase shear strength, while shear strength decreases as shear span-to-depth ratio increases.
3) The distribution and amount of vertical and horizontal web reinforcement also affects shear strength, but closely spaced stirrups do not necessarily enhance capacity or performance.
Role of voluntary teams of professional engineers in dissater management – ex...eSAT Publishing House
1) A team of 17 professional engineers from various disciplines called the "Griha Seva" team volunteered after the 2001 Gujarat earthquake to provide technical assistance.
2) The team conducted site visits, assessments, testing and recommended retrofitting strategies for damaged structures in Bhuj and Ahmedabad. They were able to fully assess and retrofit 20 buildings in Ahmedabad.
3) Factors observed that exacerbated the earthquake's impacts included unplanned construction, non-engineered buildings, improper prior retrofitting, and defective materials and workmanship. The professional engineers' technical expertise was crucial for effective post-disaster management.
This document discusses risk analysis and environmental hazard management. It begins by defining risk, hazard, and toxicity. It then outlines the steps involved in hazard identification, including HAZID, HAZOP, and HAZAN. The document presents a case study of a hypothetical gas collecting station, identifying potential accidents and hazards. It discusses quantitative and qualitative approaches to risk analysis, including calculating a fire and explosion index. The document concludes by discussing hazard management strategies like preventative measures, control measures, fire protection, relief operations, and the importance of training personnel on safety.
Monitoring and assessment of air quality with reference to dust particles (pm...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on monitoring and assessing air quality with respect to dust particles (PM10 and PM2.5) in the urban environment of Visakhapatnam, India. Sampling was conducted in residential, commercial, and industrial areas from October 2013 to August 2014. The average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were within limits in residential areas but moderate to high in commercial and industrial areas. Exceedance factor levels indicated moderate pollution for residential areas and moderate to high pollution for commercial and industrial areas. There is a need for management measures like improved public transport and green spaces to combat particulate air pollution in the study areas.
Low cost wireless sensor networks and smartphone applications for disaster ma...eSAT Publishing House
This document describes a low-cost wireless sensor network and smartphone application system for disaster management. The system uses an Arduino-based wireless sensor network comprising nodes with various sensors to monitor the environment. The sensor data is transmitted to a central gateway and then to the cloud for analysis. A smartphone app connected to the cloud can detect disasters from the sensor data and send real-time alerts to users to help with early evacuation. The system aims to provide low-cost localized disaster detection and warnings to improve safety.
Coastal zones – seismic vulnerability an analysis from east coast of indiaeSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes an analysis of seismic vulnerability along the east coast of India. It discusses the geotectonic setting of the region as a passive continental margin and reports some moderate seismic activity from offshore in recent decades. While seismic stability cannot be assumed given events like the 2004 tsunami, no major earthquakes have been recorded along this coast historically. The document calls for further study of active faults, neotectonics, and implementation of improved seismic building codes to mitigate vulnerability.
Can fracture mechanics predict damage due disaster of structureseSAT Publishing House
This document discusses how fracture mechanics can be used to better predict damage and failure of structures. It notes that current design codes are based on small-scale laboratory tests and do not account for size effects, which can lead to more brittle failures in larger structures. The document outlines how fracture mechanics considers factors like size effect, ductility, and minimum reinforcement that influence the strength and failure behavior of structures. It provides examples of how fracture mechanics has been applied to problems like evaluating shear strength in deep beams and investigating a failure of an oil platform structure. The document argues that fracture mechanics provides a more scientific basis for structural design compared to existing empirical code provisions.
This document discusses the assessment of seismic susceptibility of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. It begins with an introduction to earthquakes and the importance of vulnerability assessment in mitigating earthquake risks and losses. It then describes modeling the nonlinear behavior of RC building elements and performing pushover analysis to evaluate building performance. The document outlines modeling RC frames and developing moment-curvature relationships. It also summarizes the results of pushover analyses on sample 2D and 3D RC frames with and without shear walls. The conclusions emphasize that pushover analysis effectively assesses building properties but has limitations, and that capacity spectrum method provides appropriate results for evaluating building response and retrofitting impact.
A geophysical insight of earthquake occurred on 21 st may 2014 off paradip, b...eSAT Publishing House
1) A 6.0 magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Paradip, Odisha in the Bay of Bengal on May 21, 2014 at a depth of around 40 km.
2) Analysis of magnetic and bathymetric data from the area revealed the presence of major lineaments in NW-SE and NE-SW directions that may be responsible for seismic activity through stress release.
3) Movements along growth faults at the margins of large Bengal channels, due to large sediment loads, could also contribute to seismic events by triggering movements along the faults.
Effect of hudhud cyclone on the development of visakhapatnam as smart and gre...eSAT Publishing House
This document discusses the effects of Cyclone Hudhud on the development of Visakhapatnam as a smart and green city through a case study and preliminary surveys. The surveys found that 31% of participants had experienced cyclones, 9% floods, and 59% landslides previously in Visakhapatnam. Awareness of disaster alarming systems increased from 14% before the 2004 tsunami to 85% during Cyclone Hudhud, while awareness of disaster management systems increased from 50% before the tsunami to 94% during Hudhud. The surveys indicate that initiatives after the tsunami improved awareness and preparedness. Developing Visakhapatnam as a smart, green city should consider governance
This document summarizes a product called H-HUTS that aims to provide sustainable disaster recovery housing. H-HUTS uses cardboard and origami-inspired modular construction to quickly provide temporary shelters after disasters. The cardboard shelters are designed to be upgraded into permanent homes over time using low-cost materials like shotcrete or concrete. The modular design allows for flexibility and community participation in construction. Testing has shown the shelters can withstand wind loads and provide adequate insulation. The goal of H-HUTS is to not just provide initial shelter but help disaster-affected communities regain permanency in housing and recover in the long-term.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 174
DEVELOPMENT OF PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR
ARTERIAL ROADS
Vishwanath G1
, Mahdev2
, M. R. Archana3
, Krishna Prapoorna Biligiri4
1, 2
M.Tech IV semester, Highway Technology, 3
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, R. V. College of
Engineering, Bangalore-560059, India
4
Senior Research Scientist, Center for infrastructure, Sustainable Transportation and Urban Planning, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore, India:
vishwanathg055@gmail.com, swamy.dhaana@gmail.com, archanamr@rvce.edu.in, krishna@cistup.iisc.ernet.in
Abstract
An arterial road is a high-capacity urban road which delivers the traffic from collector roads to freeways, and between city centres at
the maximum and possible level of service. Therefore it is very important to maintain these roads as they are subjected to heavy traffic
and on monsoon or poor drainage conditions which may damage the pavements at a faster rate further requiring timely maintenance
and costly rehabilitation. Assessing the condition of the pavement periodically is important so that maintenance work can be taken up
accordingly in order to slow down the deterioration rate. A tool which can access the deterioration of pavement is a Pavement
Condition Index (PCI) which is a distress study carried out on pavement. PCI is a numerical rating of the pavement condition that
ranges from 0 -100 with 0 being worst possible condition 100 being the best possible condition. Therefore, this paper aims at bringing
out the methodology used in carrying out the survey on the pavement and for rating of the pavement (PCI) with the case studies of
four arterial roads of Rajarajeshwari Zone, Bangalore city and the PCIs of rating of these pavements at the time of studies was found
to be from very poor to excellent. Pavement management strategies have been proposed based on the condition rating.
Keywords: Flexible Pavements, ASTM, PCI, Pavement Maintenance, Arterial roads
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1. INTRODUCTION
Road maintenance is one of the important components of the
entire road system. The maintenance operations involve the
assessment of road condition, diagnosis of the problem and
adopting the most appropriate maintenance steps. Even if the
highway is well designed and constructed, they require
maintenance, the extent of which will depend on several
factors including the pavement type. In order to carry out
design of pavement rehabilitation, the existing pavement
condition must be evaluated. Such an evaluation usually
involves the assessment of the existing pavement surface
distress, roughness, rutting.
During the past four decades, Bangalore has seen many
developments in the form of increased land use of urban and
rural areas, rapid growth of population and increasing number
of motorised and non-motorised vehicles, with steep rise in
industrial, commercial, and residential activities improved
transport system namely, Bangalore Metro which is under
progress. Therefore it is very important to maintain these
roads as they are subjected to heavy traffic (truck load) and on
monsoon or poor drainage conditions which may damage the
pavements.
1.1 Need for the Study
For the improvement of urban road condition, there is a need
to develop a set of procedures that will provide a systematic
evaluation of highway needs, based on appropriate
engineering decision and expert knowledge and at the same
time to determine which road stretches need maintenance and
which are the sections for which the maintenance operation
can be deferred.
1.2 Objectives of Present Paper
The objectives of the present paper is to,
1. Identify the arterial road length in the selected zone,
2. To assess the condition of selected stretches based on
distress survey,
3. To evaluate the PCI value of different sections of
road,
4. To recommend the pavement management strategies
based on PCI values
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 General
In the stream of roadway technology, pavement distress and
failure is considered as a complex as several factors are
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responsible for the pavement deterioration and failure. The
type and extent of maintenance requirement for a road also
depends on the serviceability standard laid down, the
maintenance needs, funds available and many other factors.
The current engineering practice for selection of maintenance
and rehabilitation alternatives is based on subjective judgment
and engineering experience.
2.2 Pavement Condition Index (PCI)
Initially PCI was developed by the United States Army Corps
of Engineers and is based on a visual survey of the pavement
[1]. PCI is a numerical rating of the pavement condition that
ranges from 0 -100 with 0 being worst possible condition 100
being the best possible condition [2]. It is a statistical measure
and requires manual survey of the pavement. PCI surveying
processes and calculation methods have been standardized by
ASTM for both roads and airport pavements.
The PCI provides a measure of the present condition of the
pavement based on the distress observed on the surface of the
pavement, which also indicates the structural integrity and
surface operational condition (localized roughness and safety).
The PCI cannot measure structural capacity nor does it
provide direct measurement of skid resistance or roughness. It
provides an objective and rational basis for determining
maintenance and repair needs and priorities. Continuous
monitoring of the PCI is used to establish the rate of pavement
deterioration, which permits early identification of major
rehabilitation needs. The PCI provides feedback on pavement
performance for validation or improvement of current
pavement design and maintenance procedures.
The PCI values obtained from visual inspection i.e. distress
survey by recording the severity and extent of the various
distress namely cracking, rutting and potholes occurred to
pavement can be utilized well in prioritizing the maintenance
strategies [3]. This method provides cost effective
maintenance and rehabilitation measures for planners and
decision makers for maintenance of pavement in road
network.
The PCI provides an objective rational basis for determining
the maintenance and rehabilitation needs of highway
pavements and for prioritisation of the pavement sections for
maintenance on priority. This methodology considers the
common type of distresses in highway pavements and
suggests the maintenance treatment considering the overall
health of the pavement section [4]. PCI is meant to provide an
objective, rational basis for determining maintenance and
rehabilitation needs and priorities and a warning system for
early identification or projection of major repair requirements
or both.
The PCI can be used as a tool for assessing the condition of
the pavement for periodic maintenance work which could be
taken up accordingly in order to slow down the deterioration
rate of rural roads constructed under PMGSY scheme in India
[5].
The cost effective maintenance and management strategies can
be developed by assessing the severity and extent of measured
pavement distress values, further which can be used as input to
Pavement Maintenance & Management System (PMMS). In
developing the maintenance and management strategies PCI
plays a major role including type of pavement and other road
related information [6].
3. FIELD STUDIES & DATA COLLECTION
3.1 General
The methodology adopted in this study provides a simple
approach in the development of PCI for the selected arterial
road stretches in Bangalore city for taking up cost effective
maintenance measures/treatments. The maintenance treatment
recommendations are based on PCI which involve the
collection and preparation of road inventory data and report,
visual distress survey of the selected stretches based on
pavement performance related parameters.
3.2 Surface Distress Measurements
The existing pavement condition initially was assessed by
visual inspection of the selected road stretches, and then the
sections were made based on the distress type and severity.
Then pavement surface distress measurement was carried out
involving the identification of both type and severity of the
pavement distresses present in the study area of the road
sections. This procedure was performed with the use of
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC)-2004, ASTM D 6433-07,
Paver asphalt distress manual-1997, Distress Identification
Manual FHWA USDOT-2003, Oregon DOT Manual-2010
and SHRP-P-338 which contains definitions and information
concerning pavement distresses.
3.3 Study Stretches
The following four arterial roads in Rajarajeshwari Zone,
Bangalore city with total length of 36.5 km were selected and
the same with brief inventory detail is listed in Table 1. All the
roads selected are within the Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara
Palike (BBMP) limits.
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Table 1 Selected Road Stretches
Location
Code
Road Name
Length
in km
Pavement
Type
Divided
Carriageway
Width
in mtr
No. of
Sections
made
1 Magadi Road 9.5 Flexible Yes 15 5
2 Uttarahalli Road 17 Flexible No 10 9
3
Subramanyapura -
Vasantapura Main
Road
3.7 Flexible No 10 2
4 Muddinapalya Road 6.3 Flexible No 10 4
3.4 Methodology of Data Collection
Bangalore is India's fifth-most populous urban agglomeration,
growing metropolitan city with population more than 8.426
million. The local authority (BBMP) has divided Bangalore
into 8 zones namely, Bommonahalli Zone, Bangalore East
Zone, Bangalore South Zone, Byatarayanapura,
Mahadevapura, Bangalore West Zone, Dasarahalli and Raja
Rajeshwari Nagar Zone. For the present study RR zone
(details shown in Table 2) is chosen as this zone covers major
roads that connects many educational institutions, hospitals,
malls, toll roads, religious places, ring roads, developing areas
and it also consist a major connectivity to another growing
city Mysore. The roads in this zone considerably subjected to
heavy axle loads, on monsoon rain and many developments
work namely Bangalore Metro (Namma Metro) due to which
the roads constructed are failed to serve their intended
function, hence a study in this view is required.
Table 2 Road network detail of Rajarajeshwari Zone
Category of the road Length in km
Arterial 94
Sub Arterial 118
Collector street ---
Local Street ---
Total Length 212
There are many feasible approaches to defining performance
and assessing the condition of road facilities. A pavement
condition needs to be characterized in quantifiable terms so
that the potential performance can be associated to a defined
condition. In this study (walk through) pavement survey was
conducted and in this regard the procedure adopted was based
on visual assessment of the type, quantity and severity of
pavement distresses and results in the PCI. UFC – 2004 [1]
was referred for calculation of PCI, the detail calculation
procedure is explained in further section. It was aimed towards
the evaluation and analyzing the existing roadway conditions
so that a realistic definition of the individual problems and
structural requirements of the roadway can be made.
4. ANALYSIS & RESULTS
4.1 Determination of Deduct Values and Pavement
Condition Index
A Deduct Value (DV) is defined as the value that represents
the amount of distress that a pavement has undergone or is
subjected to. Each section was inspected and distress data,
severity levels such as Low (L), Medium (M) and High (H)
were recorded in the distress survey data sheet. The density of
each individual distress was calculated using the Eqns. 1, 2, 3.
Distress amount in square meters
Density = —————————————— x100% (1)
Sample area in square meters
Distress amount in linear meter
Density = —————————————— x100% (2)
Sample area in square meters
Number of potholes
Density = —————————————— x100% (3)
Sample area in square meters
Then the DVs were determined from the DV curves, then for
each distress type and severity Total Deduct Value (TDV) was
computed by summing up all the individual DVs then the
Corrected Deduct Value (CDV) was determined from CDV
curve shown in Fig. 1. Then the PCI was computed using the
Eqn. 4. All the PCIs and rating for the respective section with
TDV and CDV are presented in Table 3.
PCI = 100 – CDV (4)
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TOTAL DEDUCT VALUE (TDV)
Fig1. Corrected deduct value curves for asphalt-surfaced pavements
Table 3 Computation of Pavement Condition Index
Location
code
Beginning Post End Post
Length of
the
Section in
km
Width
of the
Section
in m
TDV CDV PCI RATING
1
Magadi Road Toll Booth Mahadeshwara Nagar 2.7 8 63 40 60 Good
Mahadeshwara Nagar
Magadi Road Toll
Booth
2.7 8 38 28 72 Very Good
Mahadeshwara nagar Sumanahalli Bridge 2.7 7.5 86 55 45 Fair
Sumanahalli Bridge Mahadeshwara Nagar 2.7 7.5 107 62 38 Poor
Sumanahalli Bridge Kamakshipalya 2.4 7.5 140 73 27 Poor
Kamakshipalya Sumanahalli Bridge 2.4 7.5 143 80 20 Very Poor
Kamakshipalya Veeresh Theatre 1.2 7.5 100 58 42 Fair
Veeresh Theatre Kamakshipalya 1.2 7.5 136 70 30 Poor
Veeresh Theatre
Chord Road (Petrol
Bunk)
0.5 7.5 101 57 43 Fair
Chord Road (Petrol
Bunk)
Veeresh Theatre 0.5 7.5 85 54 46 Fair
2
SJBIT College of
Engineering.
Kengeri sat. Bus Stop @
Mysore Road
2.2 10 100 63 37 Poor
JSS College of
Engineering
SJBIT College of
Engineering.
1.2 10 56 35 65 Good
Pattalamma Temple
JSS college of
Engineering
2.7 10 101 57 43 Fair
Uttaralli Main Cross Pattalamma Temple 2 10 97 56 44 Fair
Chikkalasandra Cross Uttarahalli Circle 2.8 7.5 10.5 11 89 Excellent
Kadrenahalli Chikkalasandra Cross 2 7.5 52 38 62 Good
ORR Near Dayanand
Sagar College
Banashankari BMTC 1.4 12 66 43 57 Good
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Banashankari BMTC
Banerghatta ORR Circle
Jayadeva Hospital
3 7.5 42 31 69 Good
Banerghatta ORR Circle
Jayadeva Hospital
Banashankari BMTC 3 7.5 86 55 45 Fair
3
Subramanyapura Bus
Stop
Yadaualm School
Junction
0.9 10 143 70 30 Poor
Yadaualm School
Junction
Konanakuntee @
Kanakpura Road
2.8 10 112 63 37 Poor
4
Vidhaynikethan School Muddinapalaya 2.2 12.5 49 36 64 Good
Muddinapalaya Kempagawada Circle 0.7 8 22 16 84 Very Good
Kempagawada Circle Dwarakwas Road 2.1 7.5 120 63 37 Poor
Dwarakwas Road
Magadi Road Toll
Booth
1.3 9 108 75 25 Very Poor
Determination of appropriate maintenance measures
DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS
1. PCI provides an objective rational basis for determining
the maintenance and rehabilitation needs of urban
roads.
2. The suggested methodology considered the common
type of distresses in urban roads and suggests
maintenance treatments considering the overall health
of the pavement.
3. The urban sections that possess higher value of
pavement condition index do not require maintenance
and pavement section that are assigned lower value of
pavement condition index require maintenance on
priority.
4. PCI serves as a warning system for early identification
or projection of major repairs required.
5. Potholes, weathering and raveling, alligator cracking,
polished aggregate and rutting were the major distress
identified on urban stretches. In some parts of the
selected section of roads there were no pavement or
wearing course was absent which require immediate
attention.
6. Due to cutting of pavements across and along the roads
for providing service lines or for repairing existing
service lines and subsequent improper resurfacing has
resulted in deterioration of pavements.
7. PCI is a function of the type of distress, density of
distress and severity of distress hence management
strategies have been recommended based on PCI values
as per PASCER manual
REFERENCES
[1] US Army Corps of Engineers, "PAVER asphalt distress
manual" Technical report TR97/104, (1997).
[2] ASTM D 6433-07, “Standard Practice for Roads and
Parking Lots Pavement Condition Index Surveys”,
(2007).
[3] L. Udayakumar, R. Vivan Robert and M. S. Amarnath,
“Ranking Technique for Prioritisation of Arterial and
Sub Arterial Roads for Maintenance Management”,
Journal of Indian Highways, Vol. 36, No.11, (2008) pp.
41-51
PCI Range Rating Maintenance Measures
86-100 Excellent No maintenance required
71-85 Very Good Little or no maintenance
56-70 Good Routine maintenance, crack sealing and minor patching
41-55 Fairs Preservative treatments (seal coating or thin non-
structural overlay 2” or more)
26-40 Poor Needs patching and repair prior to major overlay Milling
and removal of deterioration extends the life of overlay.
11-25 Very Poor Needs reconstruction with extensive base repair.
0-10 Failed Total Reconstruction
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[4] N H Suma, Nirmalya Chakraborty and A Veeraragavan,
“Simplified Methodology for Prioritisation of Pavement
Maintenance Based on Pavement Condition Index”, 4th
International Conference on Managing Pavements,
(1998).
[5] Ryntathiang and Teiborland Lyngdoh, “Pavement
condition index as a tool for assessing the rural road
pavements: a case study of the Assam rural roads”,
Journal of Indian Highways, Vol. 39, No.10, (2011) pp.
41-57.
[6] Saad Issa Sarsam, “Development of Pavement
Maintenance Management System Using Visual
Evaluation of Asphalt Concrete Surface Condition and
Expert System”, 7th
International Conference on
Managing Pavement Assets, (2008).