Iran project anthro30.doc
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1) Iran experienced both Islamization and globalization in the past two decades, as the 1979 revolution set in motion an Islamization process while globalization was taking shape globally. 2) Under the Shah, Iran integrated into the global economy and became dependent on oil exports, but the revolution reversed modernization and imposed Islamic social restrictions. 3) While globalization had little impact on Iran's politics due to its sharia law-based system, aspects of Western culture like music have influenced society, and the country remains dependent on oil trade with the West.
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![IRAN Group #5<br />Globalization and its Economic Change:<br />•Iran in the past two decades has experienced two contradictory phenomena:<br />1. Islamization<br />,[object Object],In the nineteenth century, Iran became dependent on Western economy. The rush of mass-manufactured goods into Iran destroyed some of the traditional handicrafts (such as cotton textiles) due to Iran's cheap importation of local manufactured goods. British merchants encouraged Iran landowners to increase crops such as cotton and tobacco. This lead to a series of famines because of the unavailability of wheat and other edible grains. However, Iran integrated into the world system in the twentieth century. Iran became dependent on only one commodity- oil.<br />In 1962, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the ruler of Iran at the time, launched his<br />White Revolution as a precursor of raising Iranian society to a globally competitive<br />Country. In fact, he promised Iranian people to move them toward the Great<br />Civilization<br />The 1979 revolution was heavily imbedded with religious rhetoric. Its leaders subsequently banned many forms of entertainment that they considered sinful, including casinos, nightclubs, dance halls, movies that featured nudity or sexual themes, and musical genres such as pop and rock. For more wholesome entertainment, the government encouraged Iranian traditional and Western classical music, new films emphasizing family values, and recreational and sports facilities segregated by gender. Both men and women were required to dress modestly in public. For women, modest dress, or hejab, meant covering their hair with a scarf and having no exposed flesh other than their hands and faces; for men it meant wearing long trousers and long-sleeve shirts.<br />The population gradually adapted to the various restrictions and continued to enjoy prerevolutionary leisure activities such as attending sports events, especially soccer, the national pastime. The general decline in public entertainment venues contributed to an increase in home entertaining. The sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages has been prohibited since 1979, although there is a black market for bootleg vodka and wine. Other general recreational and leisure activities include hiking, picnicking, watching television and videos, and making seasonal visits to Caspian Sea beaches and various historical sites and religious shrines. In large cities, shopping and attending movies, concerts, theatres, museums, and poetry readings also are popular.<br />The Islamic revolution of 1979 reversed the Shah's<br />Modernization and set in motion a process of Islamization of the Iranian society.<br />Islamization was meant to cleanse the country of decadent Western culture that had<br />Infected its body and soul.<br />The outbreak of Islamic revolution along with start Iraq war against Iran (1981-1989) not only caused government have more control on all social–economic affairs but also the instability of law reduced the flow of foreign investment rate and in some years reduced to zero. <br />The Islamic Republic was hoping for a rapid economic development and becoming fully dependent on oil and the West. Under the Iranian Republic, Iran's oil revenues became affected not only by the war in Iraq but also its failure to raise production. In order to raise oil production, Iran needs a rush of capital and new technology that is only found in the West. This pushed the Iranian Republic to change its policy to foreign investment. The regime that supported self-sufficiency at the time became in debt with foreign banks and governments which forced them to continue renegotiating foreign loans constantly.<br />Around the time the Islamic revolution succeeded in establishing a theocratic state in<br />Iran and closing its border to outside influence, another process was taking shape on<br />The world stage, namely globalization. <br />Globalization doesn't have a very important impact on Iran’s' social life which is mainly based on Islam and its practices. Many of its cultural aspects have also been influenced by the dominant religion even in Iranian music, especially rap, hip-hop, and rock music; we can notice an influence from the western music. Iran is not influenced by globalization politically because; its political system is mainly based on the sharia law.<br />Sharia law is the way that Muslims should live or the path they should follow in Islam. It is taken from sacred texts and tells us about Islam, the Qur’an, and hadith (messages that the prophet Mohamed sent to people in order to guide them and show them the right way). Many Islamic countries apply it and run their country following its rules. The sharia law is very important in the religion of Islam and permits Muslims to practice their religion. Iran’s political system consists of democracy and the sharia law<br />Islamization has limited and localized women's involvement in<br />Education, employment, health services, and family planning<br />Ben Barber of the Washington times reported from Tehran that some 7 million people of the poorest people in Iran are entirely dependent on the imam Khomeini assistance committee that supplies basic foods, university scholarships and even marriage dowries. The poor and the low income members resist change not so much because they are satisfied with the status quo but because they are economically dependent on it and are afraid of the bleak prospects of economic restructuring.<br />](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iranprojectanthro30-doc-110517125631-phpapp01/85/Iran-project-anthro30-doc-1-320.jpg)
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Please find attached my article on "Valuation - Requiring Skill Sets Beyond Academics" in the monthly journal of May 2013 published by Institute of Company Secretary of India.
I look forward to your feedback on the same
Regards
Shrirang Tambe
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The document analyzes the culture of Uptown and Andersonville neighborhoods in Chicago through information on demographics, local theaters, nightlife, community organizations, schools, religious associations, and thanks/credits. It provides statistics on household populations and includes lists and descriptions of cultural institutions, local businesses, and religious organizations that are important parts of the fabric of these communities.
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Slideset to accompany the 2013 CAS/CADE conference presentationby Daniel Buzzo at the Computer Arts Society, Computers in Art and Design Education conference Bristol 2013.
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Valuation - Requiring skills sets beyond academics
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The document provides an overview of the Iranian diaspora. It notes that after the 1979 Iranian Revolution and establishment of an Islamic Republic, hundreds of thousands of Iranians emigrated abroad, many to pursue higher education. Key points include:
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Edgecombe Community College GEO 111Stephen Herring, Instructor.docx
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Stephen Herring, Instructor
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Key Vocabulary for Study of the Middle East
Chapter 7 covers the Middle East, also known as Southwest Asia/North Africa
To understand this region you need to begin with the first round of colonial expansion under Arab influences following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE. There was a division right after his death between the Arabs and the Persians over who would be the leader of Islam. This division led to the split between Sunni and Shiite Muslims. This split has many complex religious and cultural overtones, but it has been historically exacerbated by ethnic and economic tensions throughout the region between Sunni Arabs and Shiite Persians. Sunni Islam is largely influenced by ethnic Arabs and Shiite Islam is largely influenced by ethnic Persians. This is an oversimplification because many Shiite or Sunni Muslims are neither Arabs nor Persians, but this way of framing the conflict helps us to see the influences of Arab colonialism throughout the area.
Following the era of Arab colonialism we come into the period of European colonialism, a time when many of the present day nation states of the region had their borders drawn without regard to pre-existing tribal or ethnic allegiances. Look, for example, at Greater Kurdistan, a well- defined ethnic region which came to be subsumed within Iraq, Iran, Turkey, and Syria.
The next item required for an understanding of the Middle East is the Holocaust. The Holocaust was the slaughter of over six million Jewish men, women, and children under the Nazi leadership of Germany during the Second World War. The Holocaust was the direct result of accumulating attitudes of anti-Semitism in the Christian West. There had been centuries of pogroms and outbursts of anti-Semitic violence throughout Europe prior to the Holocaust. The Holocaust brought about the realization that there needed to be a Jewish sovereign state, a Jewish homeland in the Biblical land of Israel. All religious considerations aside, this was initially a purely practical, secular observation, that there had to be an organized Jewish state in order that the Jews might defend themselves effectively against the threats of widespread anti-Semitism. This concept came to be known as Secular Zionism.
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Key Vocabulary for Study of the Middle East
Chapter 7 covers the Middle East, also known as Southwest Asia/North Africa
To understand this region you need to begin with the first round of colonial expansion under Arab influences following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE. There was a division right after his death between the Arabs and the Persians over who would be the leader of Islam. This division led to the split between Sunni and Shiite Muslims. This split has many complex religious and cultural overtones, but it has been historically exacerbated by ethnic and economic tensions throughout the region between Sunni Arabs and Shiite Persians. Sunni Islam is largely influenced by ethnic Arabs and Shiite Islam is largely influenced by ethnic Persians. This is an oversimplification because many Shiite or Sunni Muslims are neither Arabs nor Persians, but this way of framing the conflict helps us to see the influences of Arab colonialism throughout the area.
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Various definitions are available for Zionism, but for our purposes it will be defined as the belief that there must be a Jewish sovereign nation in the Biblical land of Israel. Today within the modern state of Israel and elsewhere we have both secular and religious Zionists.
After the Holocaust Jewish people migrated back to Israel from all over the world. They claimed and settled the land of Israel. The problem with this was that there were already people living there who called the place Palestine. The Palestinians were forced to leave their homes and property as Israel expended through the 1950’s. The Palestinian refugees moved int ...
Iran_2012.ppt
1) In 1935, Iran's ruler insisted the country's name be changed from Persia to Iran.
2) In 1979, widespread demonstrations and unrest led to the overthrow of the Shah and the establishment of an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Khomeini.
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FaithApproximate Year FoundedFounderScriptureLanguageMai.docx
Faith
Approximate Year Founded
Founder
Scripture
Language
Main Idea
Place of Worship
Name for a Person of this faith
Adjective
Judaism
1200 BCE
Moses
Tanak
Hebrew
Covenant
synagogue
Jew
Jewish
Christianity
60 CE
Paul and John
New Testament
Greek
Faith in Salvation
church
Christian
Christian
Islam
620 CE
Muhammad
Quran
Arabic
Obedience submission
to the will of Allah
mosque
Muslim
Islamic
Edgecombe Community College
REL 110 OL1
Update on human rights and ideas of salvation.
What we are going to be looking at between now and the end of the semester is the whole question of human rights. This is about the push for universal human rights as embraced by a secular civil society vs. a more conditional religious approach which would see human rights from the perspective that people who belong to a certain faith have different rights.
In Judaism, in Christianity, and in Islam there are groups of people pulling in opposite directions. Some advocate for the ideals of a secular, humanistic civil society where everyone is treated equally. Others advocate for a more specifically religious social narrative where a person's status, and thus their rights, are determined more by the narrative of faith. The more religious social narrative inclines more toward religious fundamentalism.
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all possess narratives of salvation and damnation. That is to say, they all have doctrines which deal with salvation, with who exactly gets to live with God in the after-life. They also have doctrines of damnation, or who gets excluded from the heavenly fellowship after death. We might see these as narratives of divine inclusion and divine exclusion. These competing narratives merge into considerations of human rights because, if we really believe a certain person is going to hell, why should we work to assure their rights while they are here on earth? This has led to tremendous religious persecution in the past.
The problem all three religions have is that there are people in each faith who strongly believe that their own personal doctrine of salvation is the only one that works. Likewise, all three faiths have scriptures which call for respect and hospitality to be shown to those who are “sojourners”, or people of a different, or outsider faith. Unfortunately, in many situations these are not the scriptures which get promoted. Instead, people tend to gravitate toward doctrines which promote a more limited and specific idea of exactly who enjoys the favor of the Almighty.
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Chapter 7 covers the Middle East, also known as Southwest Asia/North Africa
To understand this region you need to begin with the first round of colonial expansion under Arab influences following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE. There was a division right after his death between the Arabs and the Persians over who would .
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The 37-year rule of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi in Iran from 1941 to 1979 had a profound and lasting impact on modern Iranian society. While his autocratic rule and westernization policies led to unrest and revolution, he also modernized Iran through infrastructure projects, health care expansion, and land reforms. However, his concentration of power and cultural changes angered some religious and traditional groups. Ultimately, the Shah's rule shaped Iran politically, culturally, and institutionally in ways that still influence Iranian life today.
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- Saudi Arabia is one of the most intolerant countries for women, prohibiting them from many freedoms and aspects of public life.
- Egypt imprisons hundreds of LGBT people each year on charges of "debauchery" despite homosexuality not being illegal.
- Iran recognizes religious minorities but the government creates a threatening atmosphere, and Shia Islam is the official mandated religion.
Other Middle Eastern Issues
This document discusses four key issues in the Middle East: Islamic fundamentalism, water resources, the Kurds, and Iran's role in regional stability. It provides background on each topic, including how Islamic fundamentalism has led to increased support for radical Islamist groups. It also explains ongoing conflicts over water rights and the Kurdish peoples' long struggle for independence across multiple countries. Finally, it discusses Iran's efforts to export radical ideology and influence Islamist movements, threatening regional stability.
Benson ivor iran some angles on the islamic revolution - the journal of his...
The document summarizes the Islamic Revolution in Iran in three key points:
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The document discusses human rights violations in Myanmar and Syria. In Myanmar, there are restrictions on freedom of religion, speech, and press. The Rohingya Muslim minority faces discrimination and many have fled violence to refugee camps in Bangladesh. In Syria, the civil war began with pro-democracy protests in 2011 that were cracked down on by President Bashar al-Assad, leading to over 220,000 deaths. Millions of Syrians have become refugees and the country has seen economic decline and spread of diseases due to the conflict. Both countries continue to face issues upholding basic human rights.
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6 Social Migration
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The document provides information about a group presentation on Iran. It lists the group members and contents to be covered, including an introduction to Iran, its history, flag, language, religion, political and economic systems, and cultural and business norms. Key points are that Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979, its official language is Persian, the majority religion is Shia Islam, and the economy relies heavily on oil exports.
Cahpter 23
The document provides an overview of the geography, history, and politics of several countries in Southwest Asia. It discusses how the Ottoman Empire once united the region's diverse peoples under Islamic rule. After World War I, European powers divided up the former Ottoman lands between them. The creation of Israel as a Jewish homeland led to conflict with neighboring Arab states. The document then summarizes the modern histories and challenges facing countries like Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq.
Chapter 23
The document provides an overview of the geography, history, and politics of several countries in Southwest Asia. It discusses how the Ottoman Empire once ruled over diverse peoples in the region, and how European powers divided up the Ottoman lands after World War I. It also summarizes the creation of Israel and resulting Arab-Israeli conflicts, Jordan's changing demographics and economy, Lebanon's struggles with civil war, geographic and economic factors in Syria, and a series of conflicts that have occurred in Iraq.
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The Guardians of the Islamic Revolution, also known as Sepah, wield significant political influence in Iran. Created after the 1979 revolution to defend Iran's borders and protect its Islamic system, Sepah has expanded to include 500,000 active-duty members across five branches. Through its economic power and control over key industries like oil, as well as social programs and morality policing, Sepah influences all aspects of Iranian political decision-making and ensures that policies align with revolutionary ideals. While Iran has democratic institutions, Sepah maintains ultimate authority and uses unelected militant groups to disrupt the government if its interests are not served.
Summary of Africa Today
Chapter 5 discusses the independence movements in Africa in the 1950s and 1960s as countries transitioned from colonial rule to independent nations. It also examines the challenges of development that the new countries faced, including issues of government organization, economic struggles, urbanization, and overpopulation. Chapter 6 focuses on regional organizations in Africa, global issues such as debt and disease, the end of apartheid in South Africa, and African literature, arts, drama, film and music.
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