Now illegal migration is known as undocumentary migration, and undocumentary migration is a very burning issue in many countries as well as India. Illegal migration badly affects the socio-economic and political enviironment of country.

1. Delivered by :
Margubur Rahaman (M.phil student,IIPS)
Dr. Nawaz Sarif (M.phil student,IIPS)

2.  National Level Migration
 International Migration
International migration
Documentary Migration Un-documentary migration
(Legal Migration) (Illegal Migration)

3.  Trade Liberalization: Rapid opening of domestic markets
could result in the displacement of large numbers of unskilled
workers, who are highly likely to seek employment and better
living standards through illegal immigration
 Poverty:The economic crisis saw the number of illegal
Mexican migrants in the U.S. increase annually from the mid-
1990’s to the mid-2000’s.
 Family Reunification: In this case, you may need to apply for
reunification visas. However, these visas are normally limited
in number and subject to annual quotas. Consequently, your
loved ones may be forced to enter the destination country
illegally to be reunited with you.
 Overpopulation
 Wars and Asylum
 Others

4.  1. A strain on Public Utilities
 2. Ready Supply of Cheap Labor
 3. Loss of Jobs for Citizens
 4. Loss of Tax Revenue
 5. Injury and Illness
 6. Rise in Criminal and Terrorist Activities
 7. Reduced Motivation for Legal Immigration

5.  Zone of Northern America
 Mediterranean sea
 Zone of West Pacific- Australia
 South Eastern Asia-India

11. The history of the world is the history of migration.
Search of food, shelter, freedom, security and better
lifestyle leads to migration. India is often called
country of migration but In contemporary times, the
country has witnessed large-scale immigration from
its neighbouring countries. While some these
immigrants are refugees fleeing political and religious
repressions back home, others are economic migrants
escaping gruelling poverty and a bleak future. India
has been witnessing immigration since independence.

12.  1911 census recorded 51,000 persons (predominantly
Muslims) as born in East Bengal settled in Goalpara as
against 3,000 persons in the rest of Assam. By 1921,
their number had increased to 1,41,000 in Goalpara and
1,17,000 in the rest of Assam.
 A mere 9 per cent but increased to 19 per cent in 1931
and to 23 percent in 1941.8 More particularly, by 1941,
the Muslim population outnumbered the Hindu
population by 1,62,000 in the Goalpara district.9
Similarly, in the Barpeta subdivision, the Muslims grew
from 0.1 per cent in 1911 to 49 per cent in 1941.
 Tripura also witnessed large migration of Bengali
population, 40,000 in 1901, by 1931, it rose to more
than 1 lakh.1

13.  1947 was preceded by intense violence between the Hindus and the
Muslims, and led to the partitioning of the Indian subcontinent into
two dominions–India and Pakistan–on religious grounds.
 Assam registered an overall population growth of around 35–36 per
cent, way ahead of the national average of around 21–25 per cent,
indicating a rise of population through migration. Report of 1963, the
Registrar General of Census had put the number of such “infiltrates”
into Assam at 2,20,691.
 The steady rise of Muslim population in the state from 24.68 per cent
in 1951 to 28.43 per cent in 1991 to 34.2 per cent in 2011.
 Similarly in West Bengal, the census estimated that between 1951 and
1961, approximately 4.5 lakh migrants from East Pakistan, mostly
Hindus, entered the state.
 Between 1991 and 2001, North 24 Parganas, Murshidabad and Malda,
bordering Bangladesh, registered a population rise of 22.64 per cent,
23.70 per cent and 24.77 per cent respectively.

14. Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) revealed that till
1991, more than 7 lakh Bangladeshis were identified
as staying illegally in different border states of the
country. The break-up of the data being: West
Bengal, 2,40,446; Assam, 1,35,656; Meghalaya,
14,268; Tripura, 29,382 (1983–91); and Mizoram,
3,18,731.31 On May 6, 1997

15. Availability of land, better economic opportunities, education
and health facilities and similar cultural landscape have attracted
these migrants to settle in India.
 Political factor
 Economic factor
 Facilitating Factors

16. Borders State
Fencing
Completed
(in kms)
Floodlighting
Completed (in
kms)
Indo-Bangladesh
Border
West Bengal 1217.607 1271.993
Assam 210.225 217.070
Meghalaya 328.624 314.400
Mizoram 164.040 64.974
Tripura 770.173 667.800
 Bangladesh's border force has said that cross-border smuggling
cannot be stopped completely at the India-Bangladesh frontier and
sought greater cooperation from the BSF.
 Smuggling of cattle, drugs and narcotics, leather, arms, and
ammunition has been a major challenge for the Border Security
Force and the Border Guard Bangladesh.
 On 11 July, a BSF soldier lost his hand and suffered serious injuries
in a bomb attack by Bangladeshi cattle smugglers along the India-
Bangladesh border in West Bengal.

17. Illegal Migration Prone Boundaries