This presentation covers trends in antebellum life that gave way to some of the sectional tensions, between the North and the South, that will factor into the emergence of the American Civil War. It is the second in a series of textbook/lecture substitutes designed for students in a college seminar on the Civil War and Reconstruction.
1. Slavery and the Early RepublicThe concept of liberty as espou.docxgasciognecaren
1. Slavery and the Early Republic
The concept of liberty as espoused in the American Revolution had limits. For instance, women did not come to enjoy the liberty bestowed upon men, which is not surprising, given the history of gender roles in Europe and the American colonies. The Revolutionary War era entertained much discussion about slavery’s compatibility with the idea of liberty. As we’ve discussed, Northern states began the process of abolition or gradual emancipation. Even in the South, some slaveholders granted individual manumissions and pondered slavery’s future. The debate did not go much further than that in the South, however. The fear of slave revolts (as had happened in Haiti (Links to an external site.)) and the continued profitability of slavery blunted the revolutionary rhetoric.
Intellectuals concluded either that blacks and whites were separate species of humanity or that nature had molded the races differently and had consigned blacks to intellectual, if not physical, inferiority.
The Three-Fifths Compromise, the apprehension and return of escaped fugitives (i.e. slaves, for the most part) and the regulation of the slave trade (forbidden for a period of twenty years, at least) were all factored into the Constitution, as noted in Module 4. These elements dealt with legal obligations of the states toward each other in regards to slavery, though the moral aspect was present in the debates.
Slavery had existed in the Old Southwest from its earliest days, and slaveholders brought their slaves with them as Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida transitioned from unorganized territories into states. A similar process occurred in the Old Northwest, in which slavery by statute was forbidden.
The displacement of Native American tribes from the lower Mississippi after the War of 1812 opened the way for white settlers to come into these areas. A hardier, versatile strain of cotton entering widespread cultivation accelerated the forced migration of enslaved blacks as well. Combined with Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin for processing, as discussed in Module 5, slavery was now a very lucrative economic endeavor.
Any hesitation white Southerners may have had about slavery’s morality essentially dissipated by the early 1800s. The Southern economic system justified its social utility as well, because land-owning whites regarded slavery as a prevention of a feared race war or a way to maintain the racial status quo. Even discussing changes to slavery was frowned upon and punished. Southern states banned anti-slavery literature from the mail within their borders (even justifying the opening and reading of the US mail) and made speaking out against slavery in public an offense punishable by law. Encouraging slave revolts could lead to charges of treason and the death penalty.
Slavery assumed a central place in Southern internal politics. As the nation’s politics democratized in the 1830s and 1840s, the South lagged behind. Southern states.
Foner Ch 13A The 1840sChapter Focus Quest.docxbudbarber38650
Foner Ch 13A The 1840s
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Chapter Focus Questions What was manifest destiny?
What were the major differences between the Oregon, Texas, and California frontiers?
What were the most important consequences of the Mexican-American War?
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Q: You’ve introduced a comparative dimension to the discussion of the California Gold Rush of the late 1840s and early 1850s. What important parallels do you see between that event and the simultaneous discovery of gold in Australia?
A: Of course it was a coincidence that gold was discovered in both places at the same time; it was not some global phenomenon. But in fact, these two gold rushes in the 1840s and the 1950s did play out in interestingly similar ways. The discovery of gold in California and part of southern Australia, first of all, led to an immense influx of population into both places of people seeking to get rich through gold. From all over the world, from Europe, from Latin America, from Asia, people streamed into these countries and in both places you developed this extraordinarily diverse population. San Francisco was probably the most racially and ethnically diverse city in the world in 1850, because everyone in the world had poured in there, and similarly Melbourne, Australia, had an incredibly diverse population for the same reason. On the other hand, in both places you got immediate racial tensions, and in the 1850s, efforts to push Asians, particularly the Chinese, out of the gold fields. California became very well-known for its anti-Chinese, anti-Asian policies, banning what they called foreign miners and things like that. Similarly in Australia you had efforts to push Chinese miners out of the gold fields. So I think the experience of Australia can reflect something back on our understanding of what happened in the United States to show how similar tensions and developments take place in this very hothouse atmosphere of everybody seeking to enrich themselves through gold.
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Q: What were the views of both southerners and northerners on the expansion of slavery into the new territories?
A: Southerners felt that slavery had the same right to expand in the new territory as any other form of property. Nobody was telling people they couldn't bring their livestock, their bank notes, their equipment, whatever it was. Any kind of property could be brought if somebody wanted. They said, Slaves are property, they aren't any different. The government doesn't have any rights to distinguish between forms of property. Moreover, southerners had fought in the American army in Mexico. They had died to gain this new territory; what right did the government have to tell them or their relatives that they could not bring slaves there? Northerners of course said, No, slavery is different; it's not just another form of property. Many of them thought slavery was immoral. Many who didn't care about morality said, Slavery retards economic growth..
Prelude de the Civil War Lectures 1 & 2Elhem Chniti
The civil war was the greatest War America has ever experienced. These two lectures explain the political, social and economic backgroundd of the Civil War
First and second lectures for second year ISLN students in American history. The lectures focus on the economic political and social divide of the American nation in 1860-1865
Explore the historical roots and enduring impact of anti-immigrant sentiment and racism in this insightful article. For more information, visit: https://www.aroundrobin.com/racism-in-1920/
The Age of Exploration. First explorers of the New World and water trade routes to Asia. Includes routes, Triangular Trade, Middle Passage, 6-6 SC standard
The rise of the Renaissance in Italy and its major contributions to the rebirth of Europe. Includes key people, artwork techniques, and activities. SC State Standard 6-6.1 and 2
Details the spread of religious orders, monasteries, religious education, and the roles of nuns, monks, and friars & the effect of the the Roman Catholic Church on Europe. SC Standard 6-5.4
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
1. 8-4.2 Analyze how sectionalism arose from racial
tension, including the Denmark Vesey plot, slave codes
and the growth of the abolitionist movement
2. Sectionalism
Q: What is
sectionalism?
A: Restriction of interest to
a narrow sphere; undue
concern with local interests
or petty distinctions at the
expense of general well-
being.
How did this come about?
Sectional differences &
Geographic locations
3. Differences
North developed as a trading region of small farmers
South developed through the plantation system
The North slowly emancipated all of their slaves
through laws after the Revolutionary War
The South became more reliant on slave labor due to
the Cotton Gin
Different interests of the regions resulted in a political
two-party system…… Do you remember them?
Democratic-Republicans & Federalists
4. The South Grows
By the 1720’s, slave population surpassed the white
population in the south
After end of international slave trade – the slave
population continued to grow b/c of high birth rate &
smuggling
This high growing population caused fear of a slave
revolt
5. The Denmark Vesey Plot
Slave Codes-
Stono
Rebellion
Nat Turner
Rebellion in
Va. was
similar
Fear of
northern
political
holds- leaving
the south with
a large black
population
that could not
be controlled
Video: Slaves Fought Back-
Denmark Vesey (6:00)
*Take notes!!
6. Abolitionists Movement
Goal: to outlaw slavery throughout the US
Abolitionists who were active in SC before the
Denmark Vesey plot, were forced to leave the state or
stay silent
Movement grew with publications of Anti-Slavery
newspapers (The Liberator-William Lloyd Garrison)
SC postmasters removed Anti-Slavery or controversial
items from mail delivery
Southern slavery a “positive good” vs
Northern “wage slaves”
Abolitionists play a role in all the incidents that further
caused tension between the North & South
7. Northern Economy & Politics
Northern industry attracted
European immigrants
High immigration resulted in
the North having larger
representation in the House of
Representatives
Whigs (Former Federalists)
Result of northern
representation caused the south
to push for rigorous admission
of new states as slave states to
balance out the number of slave
and free states in Senate
