This slide includes the following topics:
classification of mechanisms – Basic kinematic concepts and definitions – Degree of freedom, Mobility – Kutzbach criterion, Gruebler’s criterion – Grashof’s Law – Kinematic inversions of four-bar chain and slider crank chains – Limit positions – Mechanical advantage – Transmission Angle – Description of some common mechanisms – Quick return mechanisms, Straight line generators, Universal Joint.
Unit 7-gear trains, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
the presentation consists of various important terms that are generally linked with the analysis of a common four bar mechanism which are as follows - coupler curves, toggle positions, transmission angles, mechanical advantage, acc analysis and coriolis component.
Unit 1-introduction to Mechanisms, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
All companies need to be more effectively than ever before. In the current financial climate, every dollar invested is important and know that your business is operating efficiently is an imperative need, but as a Manager not always easy to know if the decisions are really the best for your company.
This slide includes the following topics:
classification of mechanisms – Basic kinematic concepts and definitions – Degree of freedom, Mobility – Kutzbach criterion, Gruebler’s criterion – Grashof’s Law – Kinematic inversions of four-bar chain and slider crank chains – Limit positions – Mechanical advantage – Transmission Angle – Description of some common mechanisms – Quick return mechanisms, Straight line generators, Universal Joint.
Unit 7-gear trains, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
the presentation consists of various important terms that are generally linked with the analysis of a common four bar mechanism which are as follows - coupler curves, toggle positions, transmission angles, mechanical advantage, acc analysis and coriolis component.
Unit 1-introduction to Mechanisms, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
All companies need to be more effectively than ever before. In the current financial climate, every dollar invested is important and know that your business is operating efficiently is an imperative need, but as a Manager not always easy to know if the decisions are really the best for your company.
Mechanics of machines: Linkage MechanismsRohit Singla
Components of Mechanisms
• Link / element
• Kinematic pairs / joints
• Kinematic chain
• Mechanism (Output w.r.t Input)
• Machine (Desired Output)
Link / Element
A single resistant body / combination of resistant
bodies having relative motion with another resistant
body / combination of resistant bodies.
Rigid Body Flexible Body Liquid
check it out: http://goo.gl/vqNk7m
CADmantra Technologies pvt. Ltd. is a CAD Training institute specilized in producing quality and high standard education and training. We are providing a perfact institute for the students intersted in CAD courses CADmantra is established by a group of engineers to devlop good training system in the field of CAD/CAM/CAE, these courses are widely accepted worldwide.
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THE ORIGIN OF LOGISTICS
DEFINITIONS OF LOGISTICS
EXAMPLES OF LOGISTICS SOLUTIONS
OBJECTIVES OF LOGISTICS
FUNCTIONS OF LOGISTICS
SCOPE OF LOGISTICS
LOGISTICS INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Introduction to Manufacturing Processes and their Applications (Casting, Forging, Sheet metal working and Metal joining processes), Description of Casting process: Sand casting(Cope&Drag). Sheet metal Forming,(shearing, bending, drawing), Forging (Hot working and cold working comparison) ,Electric Arc welding, Comparison of Welding, Soldering, Brazing
This is the basic lecture on introduction to gears for engineering students. It includes basics of gears, spur gear, bevel gear, etc. It also talks about a fundamental law of gearing, pressure angle and contact ratio.
The basic of KOM is include “Mechanisms” and “Machines”. The word Mechanism has many meanings. In kinematics, a mechanism is a means of transmitting, controlling, or constraining relative movement .
Kinematic link, Types of links, Kinematic pair, Types of constrained motions, Types of Kinematic pairs, Kinematic chain, Types of joints, Mechanism, Machine, Degree of freedom, Mobility of Mechanism, Inversion, Grashoff’s law, Four-Bar Chain and its Inversions, Slider crank Chain and its Inversions, Double slider crank Chain and its Conversions, Mechanisms with Higher pairs, Equivalent Linkages and its Cases - Sliding Pairs in Place of Turning Pairs, Spring in Place of Turning Pairs, Cam Pair in Place of Turning Pairs
Definations related to refrigeration like refrigerating effect,TON of refrigeration,COP,vapour compression refrigeration system and vapour absorption refrigeration system,types of refrigerants and properties of refrigerants.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
1. Definition:-
“The subject Theory of Machines may be defined as
that branch of Engineering-science, which deals with the study
of relative motion between the various parts of a machine,
and forces which act on them.”
Note: A machine is a device which receives energy in some
available form and utilizes it to do some particular type of work.
Introduction
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
2. Sub-divisions of Theory of Machines :
1. Kinematics.:- It is that branch of Theory of
Machines which deals with the relative motion between the
various parts of the machines.
2. Dynamics.:- It is that branch of Theory of Machines
which deals with the forces and their effects, while acting
upon the machine parts in motion.
3. Kinetics.:- It is that branch of Theory of Machines
which deals with the inertia forces which arise from the
combined effect of the mass and motion of the machine
parts.
4. Statics.:- It is that branch of Theory of Machines
which deals with the forces and their effects while the
machine parts are at rest. The mass of the parts is assumed
to be negligible.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
3. Scalars and Vectors:-
1.Scalar quantities are those quantities, which have
magnitude only, e.g. mass, time, volume, density etc.
2. Vector quantities are those quantities which have
magnitude as well as direction e.g. velocity, acceleration,
force etc.
3. Since the vector quantities have both magnitude and
direction, therefore, while adding or subtracting vector
quantities, their directions are also taken into account.A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
6. Plane Motion:-
•When the motion of a body is confined to only one plane, the motion
is said to be plane motion. The plane motion may be either
rectilinear or curvilinear.
• Rectilinear Motion:-
It is along a straight line path. Such a motion is also known as
translatory motion.
• Curvilinear Motion:-
It is the motion along a curved path. Such a motion, when confined
to one plane, is called plane curvilinear motion.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
7. . Energy
•It may be defined as the capacity to do work. The energy
exists in many forms e.g. mechanical, electrical, chemical,
heat, light etc.
•The mechanical energy is equal to the work done on a body in
altering either its position or its velocity.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
10. Kinematic Link or Element
•Each part of a machine, which moves relative to some
other part, is known as a kinematic link (or simply link) or
element.
•A link may consist of several parts, which are rigidly
fastened together, so that they do not move relative to
one another.
•For example,
•In a reciprocating steam engine:-
• piston, piston rod and crosshead constitute one link
• connecting rod with big and small end bearings constitute a second
link
• crank, crank shaft and flywheel a third link
• the cylinder, engine frame and main bearings a fourth link.A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
11. •A link or element need not to be a rigid body, but it must be a
resistant body.
•A body is said to be a resistant body if it is capable of
transmitting the required forces with negligible deformation.
• Thus a link should have the following two characteristics:
1.It should have relative motion, and
2. It must be a resistant body.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
12. Types of Links
1.Rigid link. :-A rigid link is one which does not undergo
any deformation while transmitting motion. Strictly
speaking, rigid links do not exist.
2. Flexible link. :-A flexible link is one which is partly
deformed in a manner not to affect the transmission of
motion. For example, belts, ropes, chains and wires are flexible
links and transmit tensile forces only.
3. Fluid link. :-A fluid link is one which is formed by
having a fluid in a receptacle and the motion is transmitted
through the fluid by pressure or compression only, as in the caseA.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
13. Structure
•It is an assemblage of a number of resistant bodies (known as
members) having no relative motion between them and meant for
carrying loads having straining action.
• A railway bridge, a roof truss, machine frames etc., are the
examples of a structure.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
14. Difference Between
Machine and a Structure
1.The parts of a machine move relative to one another,
whereas the members of a structure do not move
relative to one another.
2. A machine transforms the available energy into some
useful work, whereas in a structure no energy is
transformed into useful work.
3. The links of a machine may transmit both power and
motion, while the members of a structure transmitA.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
15. Kinematic Pair
•The two links or elements of a machine, when in
contact with each other, are said to form a pair.
•If the relative motion between them is completely or
successfully constrained (i.e. in a definite direction), the
pair is known as kinematic pair.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
18. 3. Successfully constrained motion.:-
•The motion between the elements, forming a pair, is such that
the constrained motion is not completed by itself, but by some
other means.
•Consider a shaft in a foot-step bearing.
•The shaft may rotate in a bearing or it may move upwards. This
is a case of incompletely constrained motion.
•But if the load is placed on the shaft to prevent axial upward
movement of the shaft, then the motion of the pair is said to be
successfully constrained motion.
•The motion of an I.C. engine valve (these are kept on their
seat by a spring)
•the piston reciprocating inside an engine cylinder are also the
examples of successfully constrained motion.A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
19. 1. According to the type of relative motion between the elements.:-
(a)Sliding pair.:- When the two elements of a pair are
connected in such a way that one can only slide relative to
the other, the pair is known as a sliding pair.
E.g The piston and cylinder, cross-head
and guides of a reciprocating steam engine.
(b) Turning pair.:- When the two elements of a pair are
connected in such a way that one can only turn or revolve
about a fixed axis of another link, the pair is known as turning pair
.e.g A shaft with
collars at both ends fitted into a circular hole, the crankshaft in a
journal bearing in an engine.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
20. (c) Rolling pair. :-When the two elements of a pair
are connected in such a way that one rolls over
another fixed link, the pair is known as rolling pair. Ball and
roller bearings are examples of rolling pair.
(d) Screw pair. :-When the two elements of a pair are
connected in such a way that one element can turn
about the other by screw threads, the pair is known as screw
pair. The lead screw of a lathe with nut, and bolt with a nut
are examples of a screw pair.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
21. . (e) Spherical pair :-
•Two elements of a pair are connected in such a way that
one
element (with spherical shape) turns or swivels about the other fixed
element.
• The ball and socket joint, attachment of a car mirror, pen stand etc
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
22. 2. According to the type of contact between the elements.
(a)Lower pair.
•Two elements of a pair have a surface contact when
relative motion takes place and the surface of one element slides
over the surface of the other.
•Sliding pairs, turning pairs and screw pairs form lower pairs.
(b) Higher pair.
•Two elements of a pair have a line or point contact when
relative
motion takes place and the motion between the two elements is
partly turning and partly sliding.
• A pair of friction discs, toothed gearing, belt and rope drives, ball
and roller bearings and cam and follower are the examples of higher
pairs. A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
23. 3. According to the type of closure.
(a)Self closed pair.
•Two elements of a pair are connected together
mechanically in
such a way that only required kind of relative motion occurs.
(b) Force - closed pair.
•Two elements of a pair are not connected mechanically but
are kept in contact by the action of external forces.
•e.g
•The cam and follower
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
24. •When the kinematic pairs are coupled in such a way that the last
link is joined to the first link to transmit definite motion (i.e.
completely or successfully constrained motion), it is called a
kinematic chain.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
25. Mechanism
•When one of the links of a kinematic chain is fixed, the
chain is known as mechanism.
•It may be used for transmitting or transforming motion
e.g. engine indicators, typewriter etc.
•A mechanism with four links is known as simple
mechanism.
•The mechanism with more than four links is known as
compound mechanism.
•When a mechanism is required to transmit power or to do
some particular type of work, it then becomes a machine.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
26. Inversion of Mechanism
•When one of links is fixed in a kinematic chain, it is called a
mechanism.
•The method of obtaining different mechanisms by fixing
different links in a kinematic chain, is known as inversion of
the mechanism.
•The relative motions between the various links is not
changed in any
manner through the process of inversion, but their absolute
motions (those measured with respect to
the fixed link) may be changed drastically.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
27. Types of Kinematic Chains
1.Four bar chain or quadric
cyclic chain
2. Single slider crank chain
3. Double slider crank chain.A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
30. Coupling rod of a locomotive (Double crank
mechanism.
•The links AD and BC (having equal length) act as cranks
and are connected to the respective wheels.
•The link CD acts as a coupling rod and the link AB is fixed
in order to maintain a constant centre to centre distance
between them.
• This mechanism is meant for transmitting rotary motion
from one wheel to the other wheel.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
31. Watt’s indicator mechanism (Double lever
mechanism.•The four links are :
• fixed link at A, link AC, link CE and link
BFD.
•BF and FD form one link because these
two parts have no relative motion
between them.
• The links CE and BFD act as levers.
•The displacement of the link BFD is
directly proportional to the pressure of
gas or steam which acts on the indicator
plunger.
• On any small displacement of the
mechanism, the tracing point E at the end
of the link CE traces out approximately a
straight line.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
33. Pendulum pump or Bull engine.
•The inversion is obtained by fixing
the cylinder or link 4 (i.e. sliding pair)
•When the crank (link 2) rotates,the
connecting rod (link 3) oscillates about a
pin pivoted to the fixed link 4 at A .
•The piston attached to the piston rod
(link 1) reciprocates.
•Duplex pump which is used to supply
feed water to boilersA.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
34. Oscillating cylinder
engine.
•It is used to convert
reciprocating motion into rotary
motion.
• In this mechanism, the link 3
forming the turning pair is
fixed.
• The link 3 corresponds to the
connecting rod of a reciprocating
steam engine mechanism.
•When the crank (link 2) rotates,
the piston attached to piston rod
(link 1) reciprocates.
•The cylinder (link 4) oscillates
about a pin pivoted toA.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
35. •It consists of seven cylinders in one plane
and all revolves about fixed centre D.
•The crank (link 2) is fixed.
• In this mechanism, when the connecting
rod (link 4) rotates, the piston (link 3)
reciprocates inside the cylinders forming
link 1.
•Used in aviation
.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
36. Crank and slotted lever quick return motion mechanism
•Used in shaping machines, slotting machines and in rotary internal combustion engines.
•The link AC (i.e. link 3) forming the turning pair is
fixed.
•The link 3 corresponds to the connecting rod of a
reciprocating steam engine.
•The driving crank CB revolves with uniform angular
speed about the fixed centre C.
• A sliding block attached to the crank pin at B slides
along the slotted bar AP and thus causes AP to
oscillate about the pivoted point A.
•A short link PR transmits the motion from AP to the
ram which carries the tool and reciprocates along
the line of stroke R1R2.
• The line of stroke of the ram (i.e. R1R2) is
perpendicular to AC produced.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
37. Whitworth quick return motion mechanism.
•Used in shaping and slotting machines.
• The link CD (link 2) forming the turning pair is fixed.
• The link 2 corresponds to a crank in a reciprocating steam engine.
• The driving crank CA (link 3) rotates at a uniform angular speed.
• The slider (link 4) attached to the crank pin at A slides along the slotted bar PA (link 1) which
oscillates at a pivoted point D.
•The connecting rod PR carries the ram at R to which a cutting tool is fixed.
• The motion of the tool is constrained along the line RD produced, i.e. along a line passing
through D and perpendicular to CD.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
38. Elliptical trammels.
•Used for drawing ellipses
•This inversion is obtained by fixing the slotted
plate (link 4).
•The fixed plate or link 4 has two straight
grooves cut in it, at right angles to each other.
• The link 1 and link 3, are known as sliders and
form sliding pairs with link 4.
• The link AB (link 2) is a bar which forms
turning pair with links 1 and 3.
•The links 1 and 3 slide along their respective
grooves, any point on the link 2 such as
P traces out an ellipse on the surface of link 4,
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
39. Scotch yoke mechanism.
•Used for converting rotary motion
into a reciprocating motion.
•The inversion is obtained by fixing either
the link 1 or link 3.
•Link1 is fixed.
•The link 2 (which corresponds to crank)
rotates about B as centre, the link 4 (which
corresponds to a frame) reciprocates.
•The fixed link 1 guides the frame.A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR
40. Oldham’s coupling.
•Used for connecting two parallel shafts whose axes are at a small distance apart.
• This inversion is obtained by fixing the link 2.
• The shafts to be connected have two flanges (link 1 and link 3) rigidly
fastened at their ends by forging.
•The link 1 and link 3 form turning pairs with link 2.
•These flanges have diametrical slots cut
in their inner faces.
• The intermediate piece (link 4) which is a circular disc,
have two tongues (i.e. diametrical projections) T1 and
T2 on each face at right angles to each other.
• The tongues on the link 4 closely fit into the slots in
the two flanges (link 1 and link 3).
• The link 4 can slide or reciprocate in the slots in the
flanges.
A.N.KHUDAIWALA (L.M.E) G.P.PORBANDAR