This document provides an introduction to mechanisms and kinematics. It defines kinematics as the study of motion without considering forces, specifically looking at position, displacement, rotation, speed, velocity and acceleration. Kinematic analysis determines these values and provides geometry dimensions and the operation range of a mechanism. Dynamic analysis considers power capacity, stability and member loads. A machine is a device using mechanical power with interrelated parts, while a mechanism is the portion transferring motion and forces from a power source to output. Common mechanism components and joints are defined.
Kinematic link, Types of links, Kinematic pair, Types of constrained motions, Types of Kinematic pairs, Kinematic chain, Types of joints, Mechanism, Machine, Degree of freedom, Mobility of Mechanism, Inversion, Grashoff’s law, Four-Bar Chain and its Inversions, Slider crank Chain and its Inversions, Double slider crank Chain and its Conversions, Mechanisms with Higher pairs, Equivalent Linkages and its Cases - Sliding Pairs in Place of Turning Pairs, Spring in Place of Turning Pairs, Cam Pair in Place of Turning Pairs
Module 1 introduction to kinematics of machinerytaruian
This document provides information about the Kinematics of Machines course offered by the Department of Mechanical Engineering at JSS Academy of Technical Education in Bangalore, India. It lists the course code, textbooks, reference books, course outcomes, and chapter topics that will be covered. The topics include basic definitions related to kinematic elements, pairs, chains, and mechanisms. It describes types of kinematic pairs and chains, including four-bar chains, single slider-crank chains, and double slider-crank chains. It also covers degrees of freedom, Grubler's criterion, and inversions of mechanisms.
Unit 5- balancing of reciprocating masses, Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
This document discusses the fundamentals and types of mechanisms. It covers topics such as statics, dynamics, kinematics, kinetics, links, kinematic pairs, constrained motions, inversions of mechanisms, and common mechanisms. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like the four bar chain, slider crank chain, Geneva mechanism, Ackermann steering, and rear wheel sprocket of a bicycle. Mechanisms are analyzed based on their motion, forces, components, and ability to transform input energy into useful work.
The document discusses various mechanical elements used in mechanical engineering. It describes components like shafts, keys, couplings, bearings, clutches, and brakes. It also covers power transmission devices like belt drives, chain drives, and different types of gears. The document provides classifications, working principles, applications and diagrams of these common mechanical elements and power transmission systems used in machinery.
Unit-3 - Velocity and acceleration of mechanisms, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
This document provides an introduction to mechanisms and kinematics. It defines kinematics as the study of motion without considering forces, specifically looking at position, displacement, rotation, speed, velocity and acceleration. Kinematic analysis determines these values and provides geometry dimensions and the operation range of a mechanism. Dynamic analysis considers power capacity, stability and member loads. A machine is a device using mechanical power with interrelated parts, while a mechanism is the portion transferring motion and forces from a power source to output. Common mechanism components and joints are defined.
Kinematic link, Types of links, Kinematic pair, Types of constrained motions, Types of Kinematic pairs, Kinematic chain, Types of joints, Mechanism, Machine, Degree of freedom, Mobility of Mechanism, Inversion, Grashoff’s law, Four-Bar Chain and its Inversions, Slider crank Chain and its Inversions, Double slider crank Chain and its Conversions, Mechanisms with Higher pairs, Equivalent Linkages and its Cases - Sliding Pairs in Place of Turning Pairs, Spring in Place of Turning Pairs, Cam Pair in Place of Turning Pairs
Module 1 introduction to kinematics of machinerytaruian
This document provides information about the Kinematics of Machines course offered by the Department of Mechanical Engineering at JSS Academy of Technical Education in Bangalore, India. It lists the course code, textbooks, reference books, course outcomes, and chapter topics that will be covered. The topics include basic definitions related to kinematic elements, pairs, chains, and mechanisms. It describes types of kinematic pairs and chains, including four-bar chains, single slider-crank chains, and double slider-crank chains. It also covers degrees of freedom, Grubler's criterion, and inversions of mechanisms.
Unit 5- balancing of reciprocating masses, Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
This document discusses the fundamentals and types of mechanisms. It covers topics such as statics, dynamics, kinematics, kinetics, links, kinematic pairs, constrained motions, inversions of mechanisms, and common mechanisms. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like the four bar chain, slider crank chain, Geneva mechanism, Ackermann steering, and rear wheel sprocket of a bicycle. Mechanisms are analyzed based on their motion, forces, components, and ability to transform input energy into useful work.
The document discusses various mechanical elements used in mechanical engineering. It describes components like shafts, keys, couplings, bearings, clutches, and brakes. It also covers power transmission devices like belt drives, chain drives, and different types of gears. The document provides classifications, working principles, applications and diagrams of these common mechanical elements and power transmission systems used in machinery.
Unit-3 - Velocity and acceleration of mechanisms, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
This document defines and classifies the components of mechanisms. It discusses links, kinematic pairs, kinematic chains, mechanisms, and machines. Links can be unary, binary, ternary or quaternary based on the number of nodes. Kinematic pairs combine two links and allow specific relative motions. Pairs are classified by contact type, constraint, and possible motions such as revolute, prismatic, or spherical. A kinematic chain transmits defined motion by coupling pairs. A mechanism is a kinematic chain with one fixed link. Mobility is determined using Gruebler's criterion involving links, pairs, and degrees of freedom. Kinematic inversion obtains different mechanisms from the same chain by fixing different links.
Unit 7-gear trains, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
Transmissions allow engines to operate at optimal RPM for efficiency using gear ratios to reduce RPM and multiply torque. They contain gears that change the speed and direction of rotation. Planetary gears, common in automatic transmissions, use three components - sun gear, planet gears, and ring gear. By holding one component and driving another, different gear ratios are achieved like underdrive, overdrive, and reverse. Ratios are calculated using the number of teeth on each component.
1) A mechanism is an assembly of rigid bodies connected by joints that allow constrained motion. A machine is a mechanism that transmits and modifies energy to perform useful work.
2) The document discusses the slider crank mechanism as an example and provides diagrams to illustrate it.
3) It defines the terms rigid body, resistant body, link, and the different types of links based on the number of joints connecting them.
- The document discusses degrees of freedom (DOF) and Gruebler's criterion for calculating DOF. It then explains Grashof's four-bar mechanism and the conditions for it to have full rotation.
- Kinematic inversions are introduced as the process of obtaining different mechanisms from the same kinematic chain by fixing different links. The four possible inversions of a four-bar chain are described.
- Examples of inversions include the beam engine (crank and lever), the coupling rod of a locomotive (double crank), and Watt's indicator mechanism (double lever).
This document discusses the introduction to gyroscopes. It defines a gyroscope as a spinning device that maintains its orientation. Gyroscopes are used in applications like gyrocompasses, inertial guidance systems, and to provide stability. They can operate using different principles such as MEMS and ring lasers.
Applications include use in spacecraft, ships, tunnels, and consumer electronics. The document discusses gyroscopic effects that occur in vehicles with rotating engine parts. It defines terms like axis of spin, precession, and gyroscopic couple. Diagrams are included to illustrate gyroscope operation and how precession direction depends on the direction of spin and applied torque.
Unit 1-introduction to Mechanisms, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
The document is a set of lecture notes on gears that discusses various topics including:
- Types of gears like spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears.
- Gear terminology like pitch circle, addendum, dedendum, and module.
- Applications of different gears in devices like electric screwdrivers, steering systems, and material handling equipment.
- Factors that affect gear performance like backlash, which is the play between meshing gear teeth that can cause imprecision.
Cams are used to convert rotary motion to oscillatory motion or vice versa. They are commonly used in internal combustion engines to operate valves. This chapter discusses the fundamentals of cam and follower design including the different types of cams, followers, motions, and cam profiles. The objectives are to understand basic concepts and terminology and learn how to design a cam and follower set to achieve a desired output motion.
The document discusses the fundamentals of theory of machines and its subdivisions. It covers the following key points:
1. Theory of machines deals with the study of relative motion between machine parts and forces acting on them. It is subdivided into kinematics, dynamics, kinetics, and statics.
2. Kinematics studies relative motion, dynamics studies forces and their effects on moving parts, kinetics studies inertia forces, and statics studies forces on stationary parts.
3. Fundamental concepts like space, time, matter, body, mass, and force are defined. Newton's laws of motion are also summarized.
4. Methods for analyzing reciprocating engines like graphical and analytical methods are outlined. Forces
This document discusses the law of gearing in three main points:
1) The common normal at the point of contact between gear teeth must always pass through the pitch point. This is the fundamental condition for designing gear teeth profiles.
2) The angular velocity ratio between two gears must remain constant throughout meshing.
3) The angular velocity ratio is inversely proportional to the ratio of the distances of the pitch point P from the gear centers O1 and O2. The common normal intersecting the line of centers at P divides the center distance inversely proportional to the angular velocity ratio.
This presentation discusses epicyclic gear trains and their applications. It begins by defining an epicyclic gear train as one where the axes of gears can move relative to a fixed axis. Examples of applications include differentials in automobiles and lathes. It then discusses methods to calculate velocity ratios in epicyclic gear trains using tabular and algebraic methods. Compound epicyclic gear trains using sun and planet gears are described. Epicyclic gear trains using bevel gears are also discussed, along with examples of their use in speed reduction gears and differentials. Finally, the presentation covers torques in epicyclic gear trains and how input, output, and holding torques are related.
1) The document discusses the basics of mechanisms and kinematics including definitions of kinematics, machines, links, kinematic pairs, and degrees of freedom.
2) It describes different types of kinematic pairs and constraints as well as examples like four bar linkages.
3) Common inversions of mechanisms are analyzed, including the slider crank chain used in engines and Grashoff's law for four bar linkages.
1. The document discusses the fundamentals and types of mechanisms in machine theory. It covers kinematics, dynamics, types of links, kinematic pairs, and classifications of kinematic pairs.
2. A kinematic chain is formed when kinematic pairs are coupled together to transmit motion. The relationships between the number of links, pairs, and joints in a kinematic chain are explained.
3. Common kinematic chains including four-bar chains, single slider-crank chains, and double slider-crank chains are described. Inversions of mechanisms by fixing different links are used to obtain different mechanisms.
This document provides an introduction to mechanisms and kinematics. It defines mechanisms as assemblies of rigid bodies connected by joints that allow specified motions. Kinematics is the study of relative motion between parts without considering forces. There are different types of kinematic joints (binary, ternary) and pairs (sliding, turning, rolling) that connect links and constrain their motion. The degrees of freedom of a mechanism can be calculated using Kutzbach's criterion which considers the number of links, joints and higher pairs. Simple and compound machines are formed from combinations of mechanisms.
This document discusses different types of kinematic chains and their inversions. It describes a single slider crank mechanism used in reciprocating engines. First inversion occurs when the ground link is fixed, resulting in mechanisms like the reciprocating engine. Second inversion fixes the crank link, producing mechanisms like the Whitworth quick return. Third inversion fixes the connecting rod, exemplified by the crank and slotted lever quick return mechanism. Fourth inversion fixes the cylinder link, seen in mechanisms like the hand pump.
The elliptical trammel is a mechanism that uses two shuttles moving along perpendicular channels to trace an exact elliptical path. It works by inverting a double crank chain mechanism and fixing one link, so that when the two sliders move, any point on the central link traces out an ellipse. The semi-major and semi-minor axes of the ellipse are determined by the distances to the pivot points. This mechanism is used to precisely draw or cut ellipses.
1. The document discusses various mechanisms including quick return motion mechanisms, straight line motion mechanisms, intermittent motion mechanisms, and steering gear mechanisms.
2. Specific mechanisms covered include the drag link mechanism, Whitworth mechanism, crank and slotted lever mechanism, Peaucellier's mechanism, Geneva wheel mechanism, ratchet and pawl mechanism, and Ackerman steering gear mechanism.
3. Key aspects of each mechanism such as their working principles, components, and applications are described.
This document defines and classifies the components of mechanisms. It discusses links, kinematic pairs, kinematic chains, mechanisms, and machines. Links can be unary, binary, ternary or quaternary based on the number of nodes. Kinematic pairs combine two links and allow specific relative motions. Pairs are classified by contact type, constraint, and possible motions such as revolute, prismatic, or spherical. A kinematic chain transmits defined motion by coupling pairs. A mechanism is a kinematic chain with one fixed link. Mobility is determined using Gruebler's criterion involving links, pairs, and degrees of freedom. Kinematic inversion obtains different mechanisms from the same chain by fixing different links.
Unit 7-gear trains, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
Transmissions allow engines to operate at optimal RPM for efficiency using gear ratios to reduce RPM and multiply torque. They contain gears that change the speed and direction of rotation. Planetary gears, common in automatic transmissions, use three components - sun gear, planet gears, and ring gear. By holding one component and driving another, different gear ratios are achieved like underdrive, overdrive, and reverse. Ratios are calculated using the number of teeth on each component.
1) A mechanism is an assembly of rigid bodies connected by joints that allow constrained motion. A machine is a mechanism that transmits and modifies energy to perform useful work.
2) The document discusses the slider crank mechanism as an example and provides diagrams to illustrate it.
3) It defines the terms rigid body, resistant body, link, and the different types of links based on the number of joints connecting them.
- The document discusses degrees of freedom (DOF) and Gruebler's criterion for calculating DOF. It then explains Grashof's four-bar mechanism and the conditions for it to have full rotation.
- Kinematic inversions are introduced as the process of obtaining different mechanisms from the same kinematic chain by fixing different links. The four possible inversions of a four-bar chain are described.
- Examples of inversions include the beam engine (crank and lever), the coupling rod of a locomotive (double crank), and Watt's indicator mechanism (double lever).
This document discusses the introduction to gyroscopes. It defines a gyroscope as a spinning device that maintains its orientation. Gyroscopes are used in applications like gyrocompasses, inertial guidance systems, and to provide stability. They can operate using different principles such as MEMS and ring lasers.
Applications include use in spacecraft, ships, tunnels, and consumer electronics. The document discusses gyroscopic effects that occur in vehicles with rotating engine parts. It defines terms like axis of spin, precession, and gyroscopic couple. Diagrams are included to illustrate gyroscope operation and how precession direction depends on the direction of spin and applied torque.
Unit 1-introduction to Mechanisms, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
The document is a set of lecture notes on gears that discusses various topics including:
- Types of gears like spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears.
- Gear terminology like pitch circle, addendum, dedendum, and module.
- Applications of different gears in devices like electric screwdrivers, steering systems, and material handling equipment.
- Factors that affect gear performance like backlash, which is the play between meshing gear teeth that can cause imprecision.
Cams are used to convert rotary motion to oscillatory motion or vice versa. They are commonly used in internal combustion engines to operate valves. This chapter discusses the fundamentals of cam and follower design including the different types of cams, followers, motions, and cam profiles. The objectives are to understand basic concepts and terminology and learn how to design a cam and follower set to achieve a desired output motion.
The document discusses the fundamentals of theory of machines and its subdivisions. It covers the following key points:
1. Theory of machines deals with the study of relative motion between machine parts and forces acting on them. It is subdivided into kinematics, dynamics, kinetics, and statics.
2. Kinematics studies relative motion, dynamics studies forces and their effects on moving parts, kinetics studies inertia forces, and statics studies forces on stationary parts.
3. Fundamental concepts like space, time, matter, body, mass, and force are defined. Newton's laws of motion are also summarized.
4. Methods for analyzing reciprocating engines like graphical and analytical methods are outlined. Forces
This document discusses the law of gearing in three main points:
1) The common normal at the point of contact between gear teeth must always pass through the pitch point. This is the fundamental condition for designing gear teeth profiles.
2) The angular velocity ratio between two gears must remain constant throughout meshing.
3) The angular velocity ratio is inversely proportional to the ratio of the distances of the pitch point P from the gear centers O1 and O2. The common normal intersecting the line of centers at P divides the center distance inversely proportional to the angular velocity ratio.
This presentation discusses epicyclic gear trains and their applications. It begins by defining an epicyclic gear train as one where the axes of gears can move relative to a fixed axis. Examples of applications include differentials in automobiles and lathes. It then discusses methods to calculate velocity ratios in epicyclic gear trains using tabular and algebraic methods. Compound epicyclic gear trains using sun and planet gears are described. Epicyclic gear trains using bevel gears are also discussed, along with examples of their use in speed reduction gears and differentials. Finally, the presentation covers torques in epicyclic gear trains and how input, output, and holding torques are related.
1) The document discusses the basics of mechanisms and kinematics including definitions of kinematics, machines, links, kinematic pairs, and degrees of freedom.
2) It describes different types of kinematic pairs and constraints as well as examples like four bar linkages.
3) Common inversions of mechanisms are analyzed, including the slider crank chain used in engines and Grashoff's law for four bar linkages.
1. The document discusses the fundamentals and types of mechanisms in machine theory. It covers kinematics, dynamics, types of links, kinematic pairs, and classifications of kinematic pairs.
2. A kinematic chain is formed when kinematic pairs are coupled together to transmit motion. The relationships between the number of links, pairs, and joints in a kinematic chain are explained.
3. Common kinematic chains including four-bar chains, single slider-crank chains, and double slider-crank chains are described. Inversions of mechanisms by fixing different links are used to obtain different mechanisms.
This document provides an introduction to mechanisms and kinematics. It defines mechanisms as assemblies of rigid bodies connected by joints that allow specified motions. Kinematics is the study of relative motion between parts without considering forces. There are different types of kinematic joints (binary, ternary) and pairs (sliding, turning, rolling) that connect links and constrain their motion. The degrees of freedom of a mechanism can be calculated using Kutzbach's criterion which considers the number of links, joints and higher pairs. Simple and compound machines are formed from combinations of mechanisms.
This document discusses different types of kinematic chains and their inversions. It describes a single slider crank mechanism used in reciprocating engines. First inversion occurs when the ground link is fixed, resulting in mechanisms like the reciprocating engine. Second inversion fixes the crank link, producing mechanisms like the Whitworth quick return. Third inversion fixes the connecting rod, exemplified by the crank and slotted lever quick return mechanism. Fourth inversion fixes the cylinder link, seen in mechanisms like the hand pump.
The elliptical trammel is a mechanism that uses two shuttles moving along perpendicular channels to trace an exact elliptical path. It works by inverting a double crank chain mechanism and fixing one link, so that when the two sliders move, any point on the central link traces out an ellipse. The semi-major and semi-minor axes of the ellipse are determined by the distances to the pivot points. This mechanism is used to precisely draw or cut ellipses.
1. The document discusses various mechanisms including quick return motion mechanisms, straight line motion mechanisms, intermittent motion mechanisms, and steering gear mechanisms.
2. Specific mechanisms covered include the drag link mechanism, Whitworth mechanism, crank and slotted lever mechanism, Peaucellier's mechanism, Geneva wheel mechanism, ratchet and pawl mechanism, and Ackerman steering gear mechanism.
3. Key aspects of each mechanism such as their working principles, components, and applications are described.
This document discusses kinematics of machinery and mechanisms. It defines a machine as a collection of mechanisms that transmit force from a power source to overcome resistance. Mechanisms are made up of links connected by kinematic pairs, which allow relative motion between elements. There are lower and higher pairs based on the nature of contact between elements. The document also discusses degrees of freedom, Grubler's criterion for calculating degrees of freedom, and examples of kinematic chains including constrained, unlocked, and unconstrained chains.
Unit 2- mechanisms, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
The document discusses kinematics and mechanisms. It defines kinematics as the study of motion geometry and mechanisms as devices that transfer motion and forces. It describes the components of mechanisms including links, joints, frames and discusses revolute and sliding joints. Higher order joints like cam and gear joints are described. Degrees of freedom, which represent the number of independent inputs to position all links, are discussed along with Gruebler's equation for calculating degrees of freedom. Examples of kinematic diagrams for mechanisms are provided along with computing degrees of freedom.
This document provides an overview of industrial robot technology, including:
1) It outlines different robot coordinate systems (Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical) and robot types (SCARA, articulated).
2) It describes the different types of robot joints (prismatic and revolute) and wrist articulations (yaw, pitch, roll).
3) It discusses various drive mechanisms for robot motion including mechanical drives using ball screws or gears, and pneumatic, hydraulic, and electrical systems. It provides examples of speed reducers like harmonic drives and planetary gearheads.
This document describes a robot with 1 degree of freedom (DOF). The robot uses different kinematic links connected by joints to provide movement capability. It works using a continuous electricity supply and can carry loads. The robot uses a kinematic chain of four links with one fixed link, known as a four bar mechanism, to constrain its motion to 1 DOF. Steel was selected as the material for its strength, weight, and cost suitability for the project. Potential applications include carrying objects, detection work, and emergency response.
All possible questions - KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY / UNIT – ISenthil Kumar
This document contains 50 questions related to the topic of kinematics of machinery from various university exams. The questions cover topics like basic kinematic concepts, degrees of freedom, mobility criteria, inversions of linkages, transmission angles, classifications of mechanisms, common mechanisms, and straight line generators. Example mechanisms discussed include four-bar linkages, slider crank mechanisms, quick return mechanisms, steering mechanisms, and the Peaucellier straight line generator. Formulas related to transmission ratios and torque calculations for mechanisms like Hooke's joint are also included.
vrushabh sahare part transfer mechanism presentationAkash Maurya
This document discusses automated production lines and part transfer mechanisms. It describes how automated production lines use multiple dispersed workstations and a transport system to efficiently produce parts requiring multiple processing operations at high volumes. Common applications include transfer lines for machining, robotic spot welding, and sheet metal pressing. The document outlines different configurations for automated lines and various part transfer mechanisms, including belt-driven and walking beam linear transfer systems and rotary indexing mechanisms. Benefits are high production rates and low costs, while limitations include low flexibility and vulnerability to failures stopping the whole system.
This document introduces vibrations and two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) vibration systems. It defines vibration as oscillatory motion caused by a restoring force and describes how vibrations occur in human bodies, vehicles, musical instruments, and rotating machines. The document also classifies vibrations as free or forced, and damped or undamped. It outlines the basic steps to analyze vibrations: 1) develop a mathematical or physical model, 2) derive the equation of motions from the model, and 3) evaluate the system response. Finally, it states that the goal is to derive a mathematical model of a 2DOF vibration system.
This document discusses magnetic levitation trains, also known as maglev trains. It describes two main systems used in maglev trains - electromagnetic suspension (EMS) and electrodynamic suspension (EDS). EMS uses electromagnets to levitate the train above the track, while EDS uses both electromagnets and the interaction between magnets and conductive materials to lift and propel the train. Diagrams are included showing how EDS maglev systems work and how EDS trains move.
Pantograph II - Failure Analysis, Monitor & Testing RegimeKelvin Lam
My 'info'-presentation on my research on pantograph failures. This part of the presentation should cover more advanced concepts of pantographs, its precautions in use and regime of failures.
Understanding fundamental concepts on its failure causes & mechanisms, the presentation explores the ways that pantographs can be monitored against, to deter preventable defects from propagating.
The four-bar linkage is the simplest and most common type of linkage, consisting of four links connected by four pin joints. It has one degree of freedom and requires one driver to operate fully. The document discusses different configurations of four-bar linkages like the parallel-crank, nonparallel equal-crank, crank and rocker, and slider-crank mechanisms. Quick return mechanisms are also described which give a tool a slow cutting stroke and fast return stroke.
Mechanics of machines: Linkage MechanismsRohit Singla
Components of Mechanisms
• Link / element
• Kinematic pairs / joints
• Kinematic chain
• Mechanism (Output w.r.t Input)
• Machine (Desired Output)
Link / Element
A single resistant body / combination of resistant
bodies having relative motion with another resistant
body / combination of resistant bodies.
Rigid Body Flexible Body Liquid
The document discusses position and displacement analysis of mechanisms using graphical and analytical methods. It provides examples of using these methods to determine the displacement of points on mechanisms when links rotate or move. Graphical analysis uses CAD software to visualize the mechanism's motion and calculate displacements, while analytical analysis uses mathematical relationships to solve for displacements.
presentation on free and forced vibrationRakshit vadi
This document discusses forced and free vibration. It defines free vibration as vibration of a system when external forces are removed, allowing it to vibrate on its own due to internal elastic forces. Forced vibration occurs when a periodic external force causes vibration, and the system vibrates at the frequency of the applied force rather than its natural frequency. Examples of each type are given. D'Alembert's principle and its application to deriving the natural frequency of vibration of a spring-mass system are also explained. Key equations for natural frequency, time period, and their relationships are provided.
The document discusses different types of swinging mechanisms. It explains that a pantograph uses a system of parallelograms to produce identical or scaled copies of an image traced by one pen using a second pen. It then discusses various swinging mechanisms like the toothed-rack system, crank and slotted lever, crank and rocker, and cam and follower mechanisms. The Geneva mechanism is described as a timing device that translates continuous rotation into intermittent rotary motion using a pin and slot system. Applications mentioned include movie projectors and automated devices.
This document provides information about the pantographs used on EMU trains in Mumbai. It describes the major components and operation of both the Stone India and Schunk types of pantographs. The Stone India pantograph has lower, middle, and upper articulations, along with a yoke assembly, push rod assembly, and other parts. It raises when compressed air is admitted and lowers when air is released. The Schunk pantograph has a base frame, lower frame, upper frame, and other components like an air bellow and rocker box. The document also provides specifications for both types of pantographs, like dimensions, material used, voltage rating, and operational parameters.
This document provides notes on kinematic mechanisms from a mechanical engineering course. It includes definitions of key terms like kinematic pairs, degrees of freedom, and Grubler's criterion. It discusses different types of kinematic chains including four bar chains, single slider crank chains, and double slider crank chains. It also summarizes inversions of these chains used in common mechanisms like the beam engine, locomotive coupling rod, and reciprocating engine. Examples of mechanisms derived from different inversions are provided like the rotary engine from the single slider crank chain.
This document provides an overview of kinematics of machines. It begins with definitions of key terms like link, mechanism, kinematics, and dynamics. It then describes different types of kinematic pairs like sliding, turning, rolling, and spherical pairs. It also discusses kinetic chains, including four-bar chains and single/double slider-crank chains. The document concludes with explanations of kinematic diagrams, which graphically represent displacement, velocity, and acceleration over time, and kinematic inversions obtained by fixing different links of a kinematic chain.
The document discusses the kinematics of machinery over 5 units, covering topics like mechanisms and their classification, kinematic pairs, mobility analysis, velocity and acceleration analysis methods, straight-line and steering mechanisms, cams and gears. It introduces the concepts of rigid, flexible and fluid links in mechanisms. It also describes different types of kinematic pairs based on the nature of relative motion and contact between links.
This document provides an overview of the course ME3491 – Theory of Machines taught by Mr. M. Dhanenthiran. It discusses the following key topics:
1. The course covers kinematics of mechanisms including terminology, kinematic inversions of 4-bar and slide crank chains, velocity/acceleration polygons, analytical and computer methods, and cam classifications.
2. Theory of machines is the applied science used to understand relative motion and forces between machine parts. It involves kinematic and kinetic analysis as well as mechanism synthesis.
3. Mechanisms are combinations of rigid bodies that transmit and modify motion. Examples covered include slider crank, inversions of single/double slider crank chains
1. A mechanism is the mechanical portion of a machine that transfers motion and forces from a power source to an output. It consists of rigid linkages and joints that transmit motion and/or force in a predetermined fashion.
2. Key components of a mechanism include links, joints, and kinematic pairs. Links are rigid bodies that connect via various kinematic pairs like lower pairs (area contact) and higher pairs (line/point contact).
3. The motion of links is characterized by the kinematic pairs that connect them, including sliding, rolling, turning, and screw pairs that define the relative motions between links like rotation, translation, and their combination.
KInematic of Machine(Mechanical Engineering)Surendr Bhil
This document discusses kinematics and mechanisms. It defines kinematics as the branch of mechanics that describes the motion of bodies without considering the causes of motion. Kinematics examines displacement, velocity, and acceleration over time through graphical representations. Common mechanisms discussed include four-bar linkages, single slider-crank chains, and double slider-crank chains. Kinematic pairs constrain the motion between links and can be lower pairs with surface contact or higher pairs with point/line contact. Kinematic inversions occur when different links in a chain are fixed, resulting in different mechanisms.
This document discusses the theory of machinery and kinematic analysis. It defines theory of machinery as the branch of engineering science dealing with relative motion between machine parts and forces acting on them. The theory is subdivided into kinematics, dynamics, kinetics, and statics. Kinematic links, pairs, and chains are also defined and classified. Common kinematic pairs like sliding, turning, rolling, and screw pairs are described along with examples. Finally, single and double slider crank chains, a crank and slotted lever quick return mechanism, and friction are briefly covered.
This document provides an overview of machine learning concepts for diploma and polytechnic students. It covers topics such as simple mechanisms, kinematic pairs, kinematic chains, and inversions. Specifically, it discusses four bar link mechanisms, the single slider crank chain, and their various inversions including beam engines, the coupling rod of locomotives, and Watt's indicator mechanism. It also provides examples of kinematic pairs like lower and higher pairs and defines terms like links, mechanisms, and machines. Diagrams are included to illustrate key concepts.
This document provides an overview of kinematics of machinery and mechanisms. It discusses:
1) The basics of mechanisms, including their function to transfer motion and forces. Kinematics deals with relative motion between machine parts, while dynamics deals with forces acting on moving parts.
2) Common kinematic pairs like sliding, turning, rolling, and spherical pairs that constrain relative motion between links. Lower pairs have surface contact while higher pairs have line or point contact.
3) Methods for analyzing the motion of mechanisms like velocity and acceleration diagrams, instantaneous centers of velocity, and criteria for determining degrees of freedom.
4) Applications of kinematic analysis to specific mechanisms like slider-crank, four-bar link
This document provides study materials for the course ME3491 Theory of Machines including an overview of the topics covered in Unit I on kinematics of mechanisms. It defines key terms like mechanisms, kinematic links, kinematic pairs, and kinematic chains. It also discusses various types of kinematic pairs and chains as well as analytical methods and computer approaches for kinematic analysis. The document concludes with sample two-mark questions and answers on topics related to kinematic analysis of mechanisms.
This document provides an overview of the topics covered in Module 1 of a course on the Finite Element Method. The module introduces mechanisms and their analysis. It discusses planar kinematic pairs, chains and their inversions. Methods for analyzing the velocity and acceleration of planar mechanisms both graphically and analytically are presented. Specific mechanisms covered include four-bar linkages, slider-crank mechanisms, and their inversions. The module also defines basic terms related to mechanisms, kinematics, and motion analysis.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on Kinematics of Machinery across 5 units. Unit 1 covers mechanisms, kinematic links and pairs, constrained motion, and inversion of mechanisms. Unit 2 discusses straight line motion mechanisms and steering mechanisms. Unit 3 focuses on kinematics, velocity and acceleration diagrams, and instantaneous centers of rotation. Unit 4 examines cams and cam analysis. Finally, Unit 5 looks at gears, gear trains, and differentials. The overall objectives are to impart knowledge of mechanisms, teach analysis of link position/velocity/acceleration, and familiarize students with higher pairs like cams and gear design principles.
1) A machine is an assemblage of rigid bodies that transmits or transforms forces, motion and energy in a predetermined manner to do work. Kinematics is the study of motion without considering forces, while dynamics involves studying forces and resulting motions.
2) Links are parts of a machine that move relative to other parts and are resistant bodies. Kinematic pairs connect two links and allow relative motion between them. Pairs can be classified by type of contact, relative motion, or mechanical constraint.
3) A kinematic chain is a combination of kinematic pairs where the relative motion between links is constrained. If one link is fixed, it is a mechanism, and if used to transmit power or do work, it is
Terminology and Definitions, Mechanism & Machines. Rigid and resistance body, link, Kinematic pair, types of motion, classification of Kinematic pairs, Kinematic Chain, Linkage, Mechanics, degrees of freedom, Mobility – Kutzbach criterion, Gruebler’s criterion, Grashof’s Law, Kinematic Inversion of four bar chain, Single and Double slider crank Chain, Four bar chain mechanism with lower pairs, Steering gear mechanisms such as Davis and Ackermann Steering gear.
This document discusses kinematic chains, mechanisms, inversion, and Grashoff's law. It defines a kinematic chain as a combination of kinematic pairs that connect links, with each link forming part of two pairs. A mechanism is a kinematic chain where one link is fixed. Inversion is obtaining different mechanisms by fixing different links, which changes the absolute motion but keeps relative motion the same. Grashoff's law states the sum of the shortest and longest links must be less than or equal to the sum of the remaining links for continuous relative motion in a 4-bar linkage. Examples of inversions include double crank, crank-rocker, and double rocker mechanisms.
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The document discusses undamped free vibration in machinery. It defines undamped free vibration as vibration of a system with no external damping forces after an initial displacement. It describes methods to determine the natural frequency of vibrating systems including the equilibrium method, energy method, and Rayleigh's method. The equilibrium method uses D'Alembert's principle. The energy method equates kinetic and potential energy. Rayleigh's method equates maximum kinetic and potential energy. Examples of undamped free transverse and torsional vibration are also presented and the equations for their natural frequencies are derived.
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This document discusses different types of springs, their applications, and reasons for their use. It describes helical springs, including extension, compression, torsion, and spiral springs. It also covers leaf springs. Springs store energy and release it, absorb shocks, and maintain force between surfaces. Common applications include brakes, clutches, scales, watches, toys, and vehicle suspensions. Hooke's law states that the stretch or compression of a spring is directly proportional to the applied force.
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It classifies engines based on their fuel type, number of strokes, ignition method, combustion cycle, number of cylinders, cylinder arrangement, and cooling method. It then describes the key parts of an internal combustion engine, including the cylinder, piston, piston rings, connecting rod, crank and crankshaft, valves, and flywheel. Finally, it explains the four strokes of operation in both a four-stroke petrol engine and four-stroke diesel engine: the intake stroke, compression stroke, power/expansion stroke, and exhaust stroke.
This document discusses different types of drilling machines and their operation. It describes bench drilling machines, radial drilling machines, gang drilling machines, and multiple spindle drilling machines. It explains the basic workings of drilling machines and some common drilling operations like reaming, boring, counterboring, countersinking, spot facing and tapping. Safety precautions for operating drilling machines are also outlined.
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4. The theory of machines in an applied science which is used to
understand the relative motion between the geometry and motions
of the parts of a machine or the mechanisms and the study of forces
which produce these motion.
the study of mechanism involves both their Alalysis as well
synthesis.
Analysis involves the study of motions and analysis as well as
synthesis.
Synthesis involves the design of various parts of machines
concerning its shape and size, material and to be used and the
arrangement of parts so that the resulting machine can perform the
desired tasks.
5. • Kinematics
It is that branch of Theory of Machines which
deals with the relative motion between the
various parts of the machines with out forces
applying to it.
• Dynamics
It is that branch of Theory of Machines which
deals with the forces and their effects, while
acting upon the machine parts in motion.
• Kinetics
It is that branch of Theory of Machines which
deals with the inertia forces which arise from
the combined effect of the mass and motion of
the machine parts.
• Statics
It is that branch of Theory of Machines which
deals with the forces and their effects while the
machine parts are at rest. The mass of the
parts is assumed to be negligible.
Actual Reciprocating steam machine
6. Each part of machine which has relative motion to some other part of the machine
is known as Kinematic link or an element.
A link is not necessary a rigid body but it is a resistance body. A resistant body is
one which is capable of transmitting the required motion and forces with negligible
deformation.
Types of links is shown below.
•The link which do not undergo an appreciable
deformation while transmitting the required motion and
forces are called rigid link
•The link which are partly deformed while transmitting
motion in such a way they do not affected the required
transmission of motion are called flexible link
•The links which transmit the motion by fluid pressure
as compression are called fluid link
7. When two kinematic link are connected in such a way
that their motion is either completely or successfully
constrained , these links are said to form a kinematic pair.
Types of Kinematics pairs:
• Nature of relative motion between the links.
• Nature of contact between the links.
• Nature of mechanical arrangement between the links.
8. Classification according to nature of relative motion between the links
Slider or prismatic pair
Turning or Revolute pair
Screw or Helical pair
Rolling pair Spherical or Globular pair
9. Classification according to nature of contact between the link
Cam and follower lower
pair
Higher pair cylinder and
surface
Classification according to the mechanical arrangement
Self closed pair
Force closed pair
11. Binary link
The link which can be attached in mechanism
at two points is called as binary link is shown
in fig.
Binary joint
When two links are joined at the same
connection to form a kinematic chain, the
joint is known as binary joint as shown in fig.
12. Inversions
Different mechanism by fixing different link of slider crank chain are as follows :
First inversion This inversion is obtained when link
FIRST INVERSION (ground body) is fixed. Application- Reciprocating engine, Reciprocating compressor
etc...
Second inversion This inversion is obtained when link
SECOND INVERSION (crank) is fixed. Application- Whitworth quick return mechanism, Rotary engine,
etc...
Third inversion This inversion is obtained when link
THIRD INVERSION (connecting rod) is fixed. Application- Slotted crank mechanism, Oscillatory engine
etc..,
Fourth inversion This inversion is obtained when link
FOURTH INVERSION (slider) is fixed. Application- Hand pump, pendulum pump or Bull engine, etc...
Slider crank chain inversion. When one of the turning pairs of a four-bar chain is replaced by
a sliding pair, it becomes a single slider crank chain or simply slider crank chain. This
mechanism is composed of three important parts: The crank which is the rotating disc, the slider
which slides inside the tube and the connecting rod which joins the parts together. As the slider
moves to the right the connecting rod pushes the wheel round for the first 180 degrees of wheel
rotation. When the slider begins to move back into the tube, the connecting rod pulls the wheel
round to complete the rotation.
15. The Scotch yoke (also known as slotted link
mechanism) is a reciprocating motion
mechanism, converting the linear motion of a
slider into rotational motion, or vice versa. The
piston or other reciprocating part is directly
coupled to a sliding yoke with a slot that engages
a pin on the rotating part. The location of the
piston versus time is a sine wave of constant
amplitude, and constant frequency given a
constant rotational speed
This is used to connect two
parallel shafts when they are
not co-axial and the distance
between their centre lines is
small
Oldham’s coupling
Scotch mechanism
16. A trammel of Archimedes is a
mechanism that traces out an ellipse. It
consists of two shuttles which are confined
("trammelled") to perpendicular channels or
rails, and a rod which is attached to the
shuttles by pivots at fixed positions along
the rod. As the shuttles move back and
forth, each along its channel, the end of the
rod moves in an elliptical path. The semi-
axes a and b of the ellipse are the
distances between the end of the rod and
the two pivots. An ellipsograph is a
trammel of Archimedes intended to draw,
cut, or machine ellipses, e.g. in wood or
other sheet materials. An ellipsograph has
the appropriate instrument (pencil, knife,
router, etc.) attached to the rod. Usually the
distances a and b are adjustable, so that
the size and shape of the ellipse can be
varied.
Elliptical mechanism