Introduction to robotics for the BHMS Summer School

1. Introduction to Robotics
Pablo García Sánchez (Ph.D)
Dept. of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology
University of Granada, Spain
pablogarcia@ugr.es

2. Outline
History of robotics
Robots in the popular culture
Definition of “Robotics”
Areas of Robotics
Types of Robots
Robotics in the real world
How to learn robotics?

3. A long time ago,
in a galaxy far far away nearby

4. 100 B.C. Heron of Alexandria
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

5. C. 1495: Leonardo Da Vinci
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

6. 1925: Karel Capec
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

7. 1942: Isaac Asimov
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons, roberlan @ flickr

8. A robot may not
injure a human
being or, through
inaction, allow a
human being to
come to harm.

9. A robot must obey the
orders given it by
human beings except
where such orders
would conflict with
the First Law.

10. A robot must protect
its own existence as
long as such
protection does not
conflict with the First
or Second Laws

11. Addressing the laws of robotics
http://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2016/6/22/11999664/google-robots-ai-safety-five-problems

12. Avoiding negative side effects
I will break that
chair to vacuum
more dust over
there!

13. Avoiding reward hacking
Ey, if I spit dust,
I can vacuum
more dust!

14. Scalable oversight
I don’t know
what to do now.
I won’t ask my
creators...

15. Safe Exploration
I am gonna
vacuum the
pool!

16. Robustness to distributional shift
I can move that
car!

17. Robots in the popular culture

18. CC Gordon Tarpley @ Flickr

19. Dick Thomas Johnson @ Flickr

20. Image: cc Wikimedia Commons

21. Image: cc Wikimedia Commons

22. Bernard Goldbach @ Flickr

23. Image: cc Wikimedia Commons

24. Image: cc Wikimedia Commons

25. What “Robotics” mean?

26. The branch of...
● mechanical engineering,
● electrical engineering
● and computer science

27. … that deals with the ...
● design,
● construction,
● operation,
● and application of robots

28. ...as well as computer systems for their...
● control,
● sensory feedback,
● and information processing.

29. Areas of Robotics

30. Mechanical Manipulation
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

31. Locomotion
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

32. Machine-Environment Interaction
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

33. Artificial Intelligence
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

34. What is a robot?

35. Classic definition
Multifunctional and re-programmable manipulator, designed to move materials,
tools or special devices, through programmable movements and variables to carry
out diverse tasks.

36. Parts of a robot
Manipulator
Actuator
Sensors
Locomotor
system
Image: cc Pixabay
Power
source
Navigation
source

37. Types of Robots:
http://www.mind.ilstu.
edu/curriculum/medical_robotics/kinds_of_robots.php

38. Pre-programmed
Image: cc Wikimedia Commons

39. Autonomous
Image: cc Wikimedia Commons

40. Tele-operated
Image: cc Wikimedia Commons

41. Augmenting-robots
Image: cc Wikimedia Commons

42. Types of robots (by shape)

43. Androids
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVlhMGQgDkY
Image: cc Wikimedia Commons

44. Polyarticulated robots
Image: cc Wikimedia Commons

45. Mobile robots
Image: cc Wikimedia Commons

46. Zoomorphic robots
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fz5FMNWf_Fw
Image: cc Wikimedia Commons and Jurvetson @ Flickr

47. Hybrid robots
Image: cc Wikimedia Commons

48. Robots nowadays

49. Robots that build
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

50. Robots to move
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_R8feyCu-M
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

51. Robots for health
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

52. Robots that battle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkbAcwYix7I
PublicDomainPictures.net

53. Robots to learn
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InSfMEDIx9k
Image: by @Terceranexus6 & Wikimedia commons

54. Robots for science

55. More robots for science (Project Symbrion)
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

56. Robots in space
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

57. Robots for art
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjUwH9tOdus
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

58. How to learn robotics?

59. Programming
C++
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

60. Electronics
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

61. Structural design
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

62. Physics & Math
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

63. Platforms
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

64. ROS: Robot Operating System
Software framework for robot development
Open Source
Libraries in C++, Python and Lisp
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons

65. ROS Application Areas
● Perception
● Object Identification
● Segmentation and
recognition
● Face recognition
● Gesture recognition
● Motion tracking
● Egomotion (camera
position)
● Motion understanding
● Stereo vision
● Motion
● Mobile robotics
● Control
● Planning

66. Useful links
http://www.instructables.com/
https://www.udacity.com/course/artificial-intelligence-for-robotics--cs373
http://www.ros.org/

67. Thanks!
Thanks!
Images: cc Wikimedia Commons